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مرکز اطلاعات علمی SID1
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2021
  • Volume: 

    10
  • Issue: 

    37
  • Pages: 

    1-15
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    287
  • Downloads: 

    501
Abstract: 

The increasing use of motor vehicles is one of the consequences of urbanization, which in addition to problems such as traffic and air pollution, will reduce the physical activity of residents and affect the general health of society. As a result, one of the most effective ways to tackle this problem in recent decades has been to increase people's accessibility to a variety of land uses by reducing travel distance or properly mixing land uses. Therefore, this challenge has led various researchers around the world to seek new ways of urban management to solve this problem. One of the most significant approaches to increase accessibility is proper mixed land use in urban areas. This study aims to calculate equality in the distribution of urban uses along the street network of Valiasr neighborhood, located in District 6 of Tehran Municipality by using GIS as a spatial analyst tool and Gini index as an indicator for the level of justice in distribution. Based on the number of land uses among longitudinal deciles of each street, this analysis has determined the level of equality in the distribution of land uses by the Gini index, for each passage and the whole neighborhood. The findings show that the Valiasr neighborhood with a Gini index of 0. 3 owns a relatively good equality in the distribution of land uses. In addition, a comparison of the results with the findings of other studies reveals that the Gini index of each neighborhood can be a good indicator to measure the landaus mixed-ness, walkability, and accessibility to urban and transportation infrastructure in a region. Besides, it can be used along with other factors in regional or urban planning due to the justice-oriented essence of Gini index.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2021
  • Volume: 

    10
  • Issue: 

    37
  • Pages: 

    17-37
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    336
  • Downloads: 

    232
Abstract: 

Paying attention to environmental effects on the production of agricultural yields can be very useful in the direction of sustainable agricultural management. Understanding biological behaviors in the production of pollutants can play an important role in reducing the adverse effects of air pollution. Logistic regression method is considered as a linear developed method to predict air pollution; Time series analysis of parameters affecting air pollutants and addressing how much data is needed in previous times to predict the amount of pollutants one step ahead is an issue that has been less studied. The current study aims to model the process of five important pollutants including carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), particulate matter less than 10 μ m in diameter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in Mazandaran province, using logistic regression method and time series analysis, to examine the efficiency and flexibility of the methods used in modeling and forecasting these pollutants. In this study, meteorological data from Ramsar, Amol, Babolsar and Nowshahr stations and air pollution data from Gulogah, Ghaemshahr, Sari and Kiasar stations were received daily in the second half of 2017 and 2018, the average of which has been used in data analysis. The findings reveal that NO2 and CO of Gulogah station and O3 of Kiasar station and SO2, NO2 and CO of Sari and Ghaemshahr pollution stations are completely related to the parameters of temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, which indicates the effect of these parameters on changing the concentration of these pollutants. Moreover, based on the patterns of univariate functions of regression equations, valid formulas for estimating logistic relationships between pollutants and meteorological parameters were extracted, according to which, having meteorological parameters in stations, it is easy to predict the pollution of the region.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2021
  • Volume: 

    10
  • Issue: 

    37
  • Pages: 

    39-52
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    189
  • Downloads: 

    115
Abstract: 

Urban development based on the mixed land use is a new approach not only to regulate and make optimal use of physical space but also achieve sustainability, especially in the process of regenerating deteriorated and inefficient urban area of neighborhoods. The current study aims to investigate the correlation between mixed land use and sustainability indicators in deteriorated and inefficient urban area of neighborhoods. In this study, after evaluating the amount of mixed land use by entropy models, access scale and focal statistics have been calculated by using a questionnaire and SPSS software. Moreover, the degree of stability of deteriorated and inefficient urban area and also the correlation between mixed land use and sustainability were also investigated. The target tissues of the research have been calculated. Findings indicate that the rate of mixed land use in 17 neighborhoods of the study area does not have the same distribution and in terms of stability, all deteriorated and inefficient urban area of the study areas are below the average stability level which are considered unstable. Besides, the findings of the third part of the study indicate that there is a positive relationship and correlation between the mixed land use of neighborhood and sustainability indicators (participation, diversity and visual richness) and vice versa, with increasing mixed land use, sustainability in indicators (correlation, Vitality, accessibility, greenery, spatial affiliation, security, transportation, housing quality and environmental quality) decreased. The final results of the study reveal that the mixed land use can affect the level of sustainability of deteriorated and inefficient urban area in neighborhoods. However, the interrelationship of sustainability indicators with each other, the type of composition and quality of uses of the area of worn tissue and surrounding tissues can determine the aspects of sustainability of deteriorated and inefficient urban area.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2021
  • Volume: 

    10
  • Issue: 

    37
  • Pages: 

    53-72
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    244
  • Downloads: 

    96
Abstract: 

Land use/cover change at the geological marl formations, especially the conversion of forest and rangeland areas to rain-fed lands and subsequent improper tillage practice has led to severe soil erosion and sedimentation, soil moisture lost, dust-blown, global warming, and water pollution. The current study aims to prepare the spatial distribution of marl formation in Kermanshah province in Iran and to assess dominant land-use, plant cover, slope, and erosion features using satellite image (SPOT 2000) and field survey. The field data have been analyzed through ArcGIS software. The results of this study reveal that there are eight major marls formations in Kermanshah province including Amiran, Aghajari, Gachsaran, Gurpi, Talezangh, Kashkan, Pabdeh, and Mishan occupying about 24. 21% of province areas. Among these formations, three formations including Amiran, Kashkan, and Aghajari are the most vulnerable to degradation due to topographic conditions, high solubility, and improper land-use practices. The sensitive facies of Amiran and Kashkan Formations are more prominent in the forest and rain-fed areas with hill slope conditions. In these areas, deforestation, illegal charcoal extraction, improper agricultural and non-agricultural activities resulted in the dissolution of sensitive layered and consequently landslide incidents. Thus during each effective rainfall occurrence, there is severe erosion and siltation deliver fresh sediment in lower drainage systems affecting road, brigs, and farmlands. In gentle slope, this process causes head-cut and gully development. Aghajari formation, which covers a wide range of winter pastures in Kermanshah province, has a high potential of dissolution due to its mineralogical and soil properties increasing soil erosion and sediment yield. It is concluded that severe land use/cover change at marl formation of Zagros areas are the factors sensitive to soil erosion, sedimentation and flood hazard as well as the solution of serous crises such water deficiency and desertification.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2021
  • Volume: 

    10
  • Issue: 

    37
  • Pages: 

    73-90
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    235
  • Downloads: 

    433
Abstract: 

In this study, the ENVI-met Headquarter model was used to design a biological windbreak to control wind erosion, and wind tunnel was used to determine the wind erosion threshold. In order to determine the wind erosion threshold, soil samples were transferred to laboratory and exposed to dry air and transferred to wind tunnel. Then, the wind erosion threshold velocity was measured by adjusting the wind flow velocity and using an anemometer. The data required for simulation with Envi-met model include geographical location of the region, soil texture, average minimum and maximum temperature, average minimum and maximum relative humidity, average maximum wind speed and wind direction. Based on the simulation results, both designed windbreak for the Prosopis juliflora and Haloxylon aphyllum species can create microclimate in region. The wind speed decreased to the wind erosion threshold in the Haloxylon aphyllum species windbreak and less than that in the Prosopis juliflora species windbreak. In general, in the Prosopis juliflora species windbreak temperature in the first and last row of the windbreak was 36. 12 and 34. 78˚ C, respectively. Besides, the lowest relative humidity in the first row was 28. 52% and reached to 33. 11% in the distance of 8h to 10h behind the first row. On the contrary, inside the Haloxylon aphyllum species windbreak, the temperature in the first row was 34. 67˚ C and in the last row was up to about 35. 21˚ C. Moreover, the highest relative humidity in the first and last row was 33. 28% and 31%, respectively. Therefore, the designed windbreak for the Prosopis juliflora species can protect the more distance behind the initial windbreak, reduce the wind speed to a longer extent from the initial windbreak, more effectively affect the microclimate of the area, and modify it. Thus, it is recommended as a suitable windbreak for the study area.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2021
  • Volume: 

    10
  • Issue: 

    37
  • Pages: 

    91-107
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    317
  • Downloads: 

    277
Abstract: 

Arid and semi-arid regions of the world have been severely degraded by human and natural factors. These regions play an important role in reducing natural disasters and improving human well-being due to their unique ecosystems, rich resources and economically suitable areas. In this regards, in order to estimate the effects of man-made pressures on biological capacity of Esfahan city, consumption footprint pressure index (CFPI) and production footprint pressure index (PFPI) were used based on the concept of ecological footprint during 2000-2019. Besides, the ecological footprint distribution index (EFCI) was evaluated to investigate the pressures created by CFPI and PFPI. In this study, carbon storage service was integrated with ecological footprint index to evaluate the level of ecological security index (ESI) for consideration of the performance of the ecosystem as a criterion in the evaluations. The results showed that despite the different fluctuations in the trend of CFPI and PFPI variations during the study timespan, these indices have approximately a decreasing trend. In addition, the negative values of EFCI illustrates the higher effectiveness of the consumption footprint in determining the ecological safety index than the production footprint, and according to the decision-making model, this index in the ‘ high risk’ class. Comparison of the biological capacity and the ecological footprint highlighted a severe ecological deficit and weak ecological security in Esfahan city during the studied timespan. The outcomes to this study could help policy makers and decision makers to adopt strategies such as the scenario of reducing the ecological footprint or increasing the biological capacity considering the land management criteria.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2021
  • Volume: 

    10
  • Issue: 

    37
  • Pages: 

    109-123
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    193
  • Downloads: 

    455
Abstract: 

Biodiversity is one of the most important indicators of ecosystem diversity and dynamism. Birds, as a clinker indicator of ecosystem biodiversity, are considered as the habitat suitability and other necessary living conditions for any species. Therefore, the study of birds, especially migratory birds, is of particular importance as a clinker indicator. Due to the need for studies in this field, the present study was conducted to investigate the desirability of the habitat and identify the most important environmental variables affecting the distribution of the Anser anser species as a migratory and index species in Iran. Using 23 environmental variables and the nine models in the BIOMOD software package under R software, the Anser anser species is distributed in three types of habitats including winterpassing, summer-passing and breeding and stopeover modeling. The findings from species modeling showed that the models, used in species distribution modeling, have high accuracy in studying species distribution. In general, temperature and precipitation variables are the most important, while the variables such as vegetation and distance to roads are less important in the distribution of Anser anser species in Iran. According to the results, 15. 91% of the surface of Iran was identified as a desirable habitat for Anser anser species, which overlaps with 15. 95% of the protected areas. Therefore, the used method in this study identifies the desired habitats of the species correctly. Besides, it can be applied as a suitable method to model the habitat suitability of similar species, which is essential from the perspective of conservation providing comprehensive and practical wildlife management programs.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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