Social Welfare
Year:2021 | Volume:21 | Issue:81|Papers Count:9

Planning to provide safe, equitable, and quality rehabilitation services requires data on the availability of current rehabilitation resources, including rehabilitation facilities and infrastructures. Given the findings of national surveys on available rehabilitation facilities, there are some deficiencies in the number and pattern of their distribution. These deficiencies make it necessary to invest in the expansion of rehabilitation facilities in order to improve access to the required services. To bridge these gaps, allocating part of the existing beds or adding beds for rehabilitation; revising the distribution of outpatient care centers both in terms of center type and geographical area, especially in deprived areas; developing and establishing the multidisciplinary rehabilitation service centers; and expanding rehabilitation home centers, community rehabilitation center and long-stay rehabilitation centers, in collaboration with the primary health care system, strengthening intersectoral relations, and participation of the private sector, and non-governmental organizations are recommended.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to develop a conceptual model of opportunity creation based on women’ s lived experiences of perceived opportunities and threats during corona home quarantine. Method: For this purpose, in a qualitative and phenomenological method, 12 women in Tehran were selected by purposive sampling method and using semi-structured interviews, the data were analyzed using thematic content analysis method. Findings: The findings of the study indicated that the six dimensions of family (family consistency/inability to control problems), individual (functional well-being/ functional numbness), spiritual (recourse/impatience), economic (resistance economy/ consumption laziness), social (Cooperation of executive policies/non-compliance with executive policies) and health (self-care/taking risky behaviors) was achieved by looking at threats and opportunities during quarantine. Each of these dimensions also had sub-themes. Finally, a conceptual model for opportunity creation was extracted from the findings. Discussion: All six dimensions of family, individual, spiritual, economic, social, and health were involved in creating opportunities and modeling.

Intorduction: The major focus of this research is on studying protection behavior with emphasis on the role of components of protection motivation theory. Method: This research study is based on the survey method, which has been conducted using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was all rural residents of Mazandaran province, comprising 338 individuals who were selected using simple random sampling method as a statistical. The reliability of the instrument has been confirmed using Cronbach’ s alpha coefficient for protection behavior (0. 752) and threat and response evaluation (0. 780). Findings: Findings showed that the average personal protection behavior (3. 97) was obtained from 5. The results of the hypothesis test also showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the components of protection motivation theory (perceived risk intensity, perceived vulnerability intensity, response costs, response selfefficacy, and response effectiveness) with personal protection behavior. Also, the results of regression indicate that a total of 0. 529% of the changes in the dependent variable can be explained through the above-mentioned variables. In addition, the results of structural equation model analysis showed that the components of motivation protection theory (perceived vulnerability severity, response costs, response self-efficacy, and response effectiveness) had a direct and significant impact on respondents’ personal protection behavior while facing Covid-19 disease. Discussion: The results of the study showed that protection motivation theory and its components could explain a social problem such as Corona virus pandemic logically and practicably and as such it can be said that this theory can be useful as a model for similar research in other rural areas of the country.

Introduction: The health system as the main custodian of health in Iran has a history of nearly a century and during this period has witnessed many changes to the current form and structure. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the formation and evolution of the health system and the policy-making process in it with an interdisciplinary perspective. Method: The research has been conducted in a historical way and historical texts about the health system and its sub-sectors including health care and education have been reviewed and analyzed with an institutionalist approach. Findings: The government, civil society, private sector, family and international institutions have been the main agents of health policy in Iran from the beginning until now, which in the context of situational, structural, cultural and external factors have directed the health system and its developments in Iran. They have been effective. Discussion: Although the government has been the main agent of health policy in Iran from the beginning, but many institutional factors have been effective on its efficiency and performance in the field of health, and this institution needs more serious attention to community elements to formulate health policies and pave the way for social justice. Civility and the characteristics of families and leaving matters to the private sector, and in this way interaction with international institutions and the use of their experiences, especially in the field of health is of particular importance.

Introduction: Humans are always at risk of various diseases and inevitably incur high medical costs and hospital expenses for recovery and treatment. In order to help people in such cases, various health insurance plans are offered as basic and complementary, but separately by different insurance organizations and companies. The purpose of this study is to design a model for providing supplementary health insurance by the Social Security Organization of Iran to solve the insurance and medical problems of the target community and the organization in this area. Method: This research is applied in terms of purpose with a mixed approach, which has implemented based on the data-based method in the qualitative part and focusing on semi-structured interviews, and in the quantitative part based on the exploratory and inferential methods. Its statistical population includes managers and experts in the field of health insurance in the Social Security Organization of the country, whose sampling was done purposefully and continued in the qualitative section until the categories reached saturation (15 samples). Findings: After gathering the data and extracting the concepts (225 concepts) and classifying them into 42 subcategories and finally 17 main categories, the final model was designed and specified. In the quantitative part, based on the fit indicators, it was found that the data had a good fit with the factor structure of the theoretical basis of the research and were in line with them. Discussion: based on the dimensions of the model, the Social Security Organization is in need of implementing this plan, and it can implement the plan based on its unique capabilities and solve many problems of the insured and the organization in the field of health insurance.

Introduction: The importance of improving the level of health and treatment as one of the criteria for sustainable development led us to measure the health index in the cities of Semnan province during the period of 1393-1396 and compare it with other regions of Iran as a whole. Firstly, the situation of Semnan province cities is examined in the mentioned period; Secondly, the gap between and among them is assessed; Finally, the gap between the cities of the province and other regions of Iran is evaluated. Method: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study. In this study, the Shannon Entropy Method is used to obtain the weights associated with 17 selected criteria, and using the numerical Taxonomic method to compute health index. Findings: The general situation of urban areas of Semnan province is favorable in terms of having health and medical indicators compared to Iran, but over time it has been declining. Meanwhile, the situation in the cities of Semnan and Shahroud has improved, but the situation in the cities of Damghan and Garmsar is still declining. Also, in 1393 and 1394, the health gap between the cities of Semnan province and other regions of Iran in favor of the cities of Semnan province was very large, but during the next two years, this gap has decreased. Discussion: Shahroud city has always been the most beneficial city of Semnan province in terms of health and medical indicators. The average of the health index over a four-year period indicates that Semnan, Damghan, Garmsar and the whole country were ranked next, respectively. In addition, the trend of index among the studied areas indicates the convergence of the regions in terms of health index.

Introduction: Risky behaviors have always been on the rise as the epidemiological transition experts have predicted, and the two subgroups of adolescents and the youth are predominantly exposed to these behaviors. Risky behaviors affected by inadequate quality of life can have awful and costly consequences. Accordingly, since approximately 25 percent of Iran’ s population comprises adolescents and the youth, the purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of quality of life on risky behaviors among adolescents and the youth living in Mahabad. Method: In this research, descriptive-analytical method has been used to achieve the goal, and in order to collect the data needed to test the hypotheses, the survey method using questionnaires has been used. Findings: Multivariate analysis showed that factors, such as quality of life, are significantly correlated with the variables of sex, family life arrangements, and education level of parents, and they also have a significant impact on risky behaviors. Among these, the level of father’ s education and quality of life respectively play the most important role in explaining changes in risky behaviors. In addition, quality of life has an inverse relationship with risky behaviors. Discussion: It seems that understanding the occurrence of risky behaviors and its relationship with other variables, such as quality of life can be effective in policy making, planning, and intervention proceedings to improve the quality of life and reduce risky behaviors among target groups.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of security and its dimensions on behavioral intentions of winter sports tourists in Tehran ski resorts. Method: In terms of purpose, it was an applied research, and it was descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. The population comprised all tourists of Tehran ski resorts in the winter of 1396. Cochran formula was used in order to determine the sample size of the study (N = 384). In the cluster sampling method, 400 copies of questionnaires were distributed to the respondents in the ski resorts, and finally 331 questionnaires were analyzed. In order to collect the data, Mahmoudi et al’ s. (2015) Tourism Security questionnaire and Zeitamel et al’ s. (2003) Intention questionnaire were used. The reliability of the quesionnares was confirmed by Cronbach’ s alpha, hybrid reliability, and its validity was confirmed by convergent validity (confirmatory factor loadings and AVE values) and diagnostic validity. For analyzing the data, descriptive statistics (tables and graphs of frequency distribution) and inferential statistics (Spearman correlation) were used. structural equation modeling technique was also used to present the model. Findings: The results showed that psychological security, economic security, and social security have a direct positive effect on tourists’ behavioral intentions. Discussion: According to the results, it can be said that increasing the security of a place would encourage more sports tourists to travel there.

Introduction: Macroeconomic instability, exchange rate volatility, high inflation and consequently rising food price have been critical issues in recent years in Iran’ s economy. Policy inefficiencies, policy inconsistency, and food price fluctuations have affected vulnerable households and low-income groups and increased food poverty, undernourishment and malnutrition. The study of income and price elasticities of food items, especially in different income groups, provides valuable information for policy making. Method: This research, using the approach of the almost ideal demand system, studies the elasticity of food items in the household consumption budget for 2016 and 2018 and compares different income groups. The household income and expenditure from raw household survey data for the years 2016 and 2018. Due to the heterogeneous impact of price changes on demand in different income groups, the study was conducted on different income quantiles. In this respect, we focused on meat, bread, and dairy item. Findings: Results show that bread is identified as an inelastic good and dairy and meat as elastic goods for low-income groups. The results of quantile analysis show that in 2018, bread was a Giffen good for the first quantile and necessary good for the third and the fifth. Discussion: The results indicate that the consumption of animal protein and dairy products is highly sensitive to the price of these goods. An increase in the price of these goods will limit the consumption of these micronutrients in the household food basket or possibly eliminate it in the low-income groups.