JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Year:2020 | Volume:12 | Issue:2|Papers Count:9

Objective: Inspired from online business platforms, the idea of Government as a Platform (GaaP) claims that it can transform the government's approach to public service to a better, smarter and cheaper public service, and to "do more with more". This research aims to investigate and identify the characteristics of Government as a Platform and to develop a conceptual framework to show the characteristics as well as different interpretations of the concept. Methods: This qualitative research has been conducted through a systematic literature review followed by a meta-synthesis approach. From 776 documents found in the screening stage, 38 research documents were selected for coding, data extracting and analysis as the output of the systematic review to enter the meta-synthesis process. Results: Aggregation and classification of the codes extracted, formed 29 concepts (characteristics): Openness, Data-driven, Sharing, Block Structure, Network Effects, Citizen Empowerment, Citizen Centricity, Collaboration, Modularity, Interoperability, Simplicity, Evolutionary Process, ReUsability, Using Common or Shared Sources, Using Existing Best, Experimentation, Achievability, Service Oriented Architecture, Accessibility, Integrity, Leading by Examples, Learning from Hackers, Using Data Mining, Agility, Flexibility, Availability, Digital as default, One to Many, and Re-Organizing Government. These concepts were classified into three categories: Basic characteristics, Technical characteristics and Executive characteristics. Conclusion: This research concludes that available interpretations of Government as a Platform are not completely diverse and different views. Perhaps achieving some combination of GaaP basic, technical and executive characteristics, form three views or layers: Government as a technology platform, Government as a data platform and Government as an innovation ecosystem. Overall if Government as a Platform is to be a meaningful concept, it needs to incorporate some level of all three of these layers. This research tried to identify the GaaP characteristics and their relation to these different points of views (layers) in form of a comprehensive conceptual framework.

Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of good governance indicators (voice and accountability, political stability without violent, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law and control of corruption) and financial reforms (financial liberalization and financial development) on the total factor productivity in Iran's industry and mining sector from 1996 through 2018. Methods: In this study, the econometric technique of Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) is used to estimate the effects of variables. Results: The results of estimates indicate that the effect of all indicators of financial reform on total factor productivity is positive in short term and long term. In terms of good governance indicators, we see a positive relationship with variables of government effectiveness and regulatory quality, and a negative relationship with corruption control variables. Also, the effect of variables of voice and accountability and the rule of law are negative in short term and are positive in long term. Political stability without violent also has no effect on total factor productivity. Conclusion: Since financial indicators and good governance have not reached ideal levels in Iran, and we are still witnessing significant fluctuations in this area, the trend of productivity components in industry and mining has not been very significant. Therefore, failure to improve and expand these indicators can have irreparable consequences for the trend of productivity of industry and mining sector and it seems necessary to provide the grounds for further strengthening and expanding the indicators of financial reform and good governance to improve the productivity of the industry and mining sector.

Objective: In recent years, an empowerment approach of local communities has emerged as one of the approaches used in crisis management. The present study aims to provide a Model of Crisis Management with an empowerment approach of local communities using a metasynthesis approach. Methods: This paper is conducted based on the archival research approach using Comparative method for identifying talent research approaches as a coding framework for the qualitative content analysis strategy using the meta-synthesis approach. Results: In this study, the factors affecting crisis management with the capacity building approach of local communities in four categories: "factors related to the crisis prevention and mitigation phase", "factors related to the crisis preparedness phase", "factors related to the crisis response phase" and "Factors related to the post-crisis reconstruction and rehabilitation phase" were included. Also, each of these stages consisted of subsections. Conclusion: Regarding the five-step model presented in this study, Given that a comprehensive and phased model for crisis management has not yet been developed with an emphasis on the empowerment of local communities in the country, this study can be considered a comprehensive and appropriate roadmap for crisis management with empowerment approach of local communities in the country.

Objective: For the Impact of Structural Empowerment on Job Burnout in Iranian State Universities: The Ring Role of Individual Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior, This study intends to study the effect of structural empowerment on Job burnout and reveal the cyclical role of individual and organizational citizenship behavior that acts as a mediator in the relationship between these two variables. Methods: This is a descriptive study of the statistical population consisting of faculty members throughout Iran. Thorough the previous study and according to the sample size of 515 people from Iranian people who work or have a job in a public university in Iran, a total of 580 questionnaires were distributed and 520 questionnaires were collected among the respondents who were selected by cluster sampling method of two random stocks. The research instruments were three standard questionnaires, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed in the tests. Results: The results of structural equation modeling showed that structural empowerment on job burnout is not significant. However, individual citizenship behavior and organizational citizenship behavior were confirmed as mediators in the relationship between structural empowerment and burnout. Conclusion: In addition to some structural empowerment for the development of The Impact of Structural Empowerment on Job Burnout in Iranian State Universities: The Ring Role of Individual Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior, this research has some practical achievements for Iranian public universities. From an applied point of view, this research provides an understanding of the status of research variables and the relationships between them; This recognition could be the basis for planning the managers of public universities to increase the level of structural empowerment of faculty members in Iranian public universities. Based on the results, the individual and organizational citizenship behavior of faculty members and reduction of the level of implementation of components of job burnout by managers should be considered.

Objective: In the new public governance era, some governments create social values such as reduce poverty and unemployment through social procurement policies and use it as an important lever to achieve various social goals. This study's purpose was to identify and explain factors influencing the formation and implementation of social procurement to reduce poverty in Fars province support organizations. Methods: This study is qualitative research and uses grounded theory methodology. For gathering analytical data, semi-structured interviews were done with 20 persons who were university professors, managers and experts of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation (IKRF) and state Welfare Organization (SWOI) in Fars Province, as the statistical samples selected through purposive sampling method. The transcribed interviews were then analyzed based on three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. Results: The results revealed that community-oriented policing was the core phenomenon and it had induced the creation of social procurement while interacting with other factors. The relationship between these factors was also presented in the final model. Accordingly, community-oriented planning, partnership policy development, and multi-purpose policing can have significant effects on the creation of procurement policy. Ultimately, this point of view is taken into account as a foundation for developing the phenomenon of social procurement. Conclusion: Social procurement through synergies in society can achieve valuable outcomes such as poverty reduction, social capital development, innovative responses to social needs, promoting social health, public resource and benefits optimization and target groups empowerment.

Objective: It is clearly perceived by reviewing the Trait Theories of Leadership, Behavioral Theories of Leadership in addition to focusing on Contingency theories in line with developing the leadership theories of management that leaders are viewed as positive yet constructive assets of an organization with their capabilities deemed as a means of achieving organizational objectives when it comes to relying on the majority of those organizational theories. The present research aims at reviewing the composition of the dialectic phenomenon of failure/optimism and extracting theorems resulted from the emergence of a Corrective Leader within an organization. Methods: The present research is applied in terms of objective and descriptive in nature in which Grounded Theory developed by Strauss and Corbin is used as a research strategy. Having been relied on the in-depth interviews conducted with 17 employees of a government organization in one of Iran's provinces, the process associated with the phenomenon under research was discovered. Then, the findings were compiled as a set of theorems based on which a model of causal relations was designed and developed. Results: 30 categories and 159 concepts were extracted in Open Coding stage. A paradigmatic model was provided within the Axial Coding stage, based upon axial category, causal conditions, strategy, platform, intervening conditions and the consequences. The theoretical model resulting from research findings was described in Selective Coding stage. Conclusion: Leaders of an organization are required to be prepared with certain specifications among which pragmatism, decisiveness, goal-orientation, idealism, spirituality, humanitarianism, self-control, ethics-orientation can be mentioned. They need to use all their reasonable endeavors to fight against dispute and injustice, suppression, intimidation and suffocating atmosphere; Unsatisfied needs of their subordinates need to be addressed in a manner that better understanding of the need to develop the state of the organization becomes a part of the staff’ s mindset. In addition, traits like faith, compassion, perception and sacrifice must be recognized and amplified by the leader.

Objective: Identifying and evaluating human resources risks under a holistic model with respect to time components and identifying the best decisions for financial organizations and credit institutions to reduce risk is the main objective of this study. Methods: This research is a qualitative research method. In this research، , grounded theory is used as a rigorous and systematic method to study complex multidimensional problems. The Participants of the study was considered HR experts of the banking industry who had full knowledge of HR and banking performance in the financial market. Results: According to the research method, the coding and classification process was performed based on three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The outputs of these three stages were presented in the form of key points, codes concepts and categories. Data was analyzed several times during and after the collection and by identifying the key points the relevant codes were extracted. A total of 301 codes (labels) were obtained from the collected data and converted to 107 concepts through coding logic. Finally, 22 categories were related to the main research topic. Conclusion: According to the research model, HRM model is not only about reducing risks such as staff displacement or poor performance, but also about balancing risk and discussing when to take risks and when not to take a risk. Therefore, examining all aspects of HR risk in the model can increase the synergy of the model components.