WOMENS STUDIES
Year:2020 | Volume:17 | Issue:4|Papers Count:6

This research was conducted to examine the impact of child adoption on the motherhood identity of infertile women by observing the living experiences of infertile adoptive mothers. The present study was conducted using qualitative approach and phenomenological method. Participants in this study included 10 infertile women with unborn children in Tehran in year 1396 that were selected based on snowball method of sampling. Data collection was carried out by semi-structured interviews, and the interviews continued until saturation. The data were processed, classified and analyzed on the basis of the Strauss and Glaser approach and the interpretive method of analysis method. The data were processed based on Strauss and Glaser approach, analysis, classification by interpretive analysis. The findings included parenting experience, maternal identity acquisition process and selfassessment as a mother. women's inability to have a baby is experienced as a painful event and the arrival of the child to the family is considered as a complement process of themselves and their family. Infertile women with adopted children, gained positive emotions and feelings for themselves and re-established their values, both individually and socially, redefining motherhood. Infertile mothers have four processes in their adopting and motherhood identity building experience: 1) self-recovery, 2) readiness, 3) attaining motherhood identity and 4) development and strengthening of motherhood identity, like biological mothers. After an early period of motherhood identity preparation, motherhood identity completion and consolidation occurred in an adoptive women, including and creating maternal feelings, patience, forgiveness, self-sacrifice, sense of responsibility, and developing a sense of foresight for the child as a continuum of self.

The current study investigates the level of the student’ s high-risk behaviors and measures Family and educational factors affecting it in High school girl students of second course in district two of Kerman city for academic year 1397-1398. Family function and school atmosphere is considered as social and educational variable respectively. The statistical population of the study is consisted of 4309 people out of which 353 are selected as sample by cluster and a simple random sampling method. The statistical analysis was performed using Spss23 and Amoss Graph22 software. The Study used the theories of McMaster, Furtwengier and Wolfgang and Gilman. The results indicated that the variable of emotional responsiveness and behavior control in the family (with standardized regression coefficients 0. 380 and 0. 300) had the highest indirect effective coefficient with high risk behaviors of girl students respectively. On the other hand, there is the highest direct and reverse coefficient (-0. 341) between variable of behavior control in the family and high-risk behaviors. Consequently, according to the results, the rate of student’ s high-risk behaviors was low and school and family had a high impact on reducing high-risk behaviors

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between presence of women in urban space with urban space factors. In this research, which was done by scrolling method, 365 women in Daran urban areas (center of Frieden city) were chosen using a multi-stage cluster sampling approach proportional to sample size and were studied using a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was formally established and the high Cronbach alpha coefficient for variables (The rate of women's presence in urban space, specific limitations of women, physical fitness of urban space, social desirability of urban space, functional desirability of urban space and semantic desirability of urban space, respectively 0. 62, 0. 91, 0. 87, 0. 85, 0. 79 and 0. 79 were obtained) that Indicates the desirability of the reliability of the research tool. For analysis of the model, the path analysis method was used in Amos software. The results showed the path to the components of the lack of social safety, urban space safety, division of labor and access to the presence of women was not significant. But There was a positive and significant relationship between the presence of women with components of the physical framework, comfort, convenience and safety, the variable of physical desirability, the component of justice and equality, social utility variable, component of compulsory activity, activity utility variable, the components of sanctity, the sense of pleasure and the sense of belonging, and desirability variable.

The aim of this study is to explain the influence of close relationships pattern in moral judgments and identifying components affected by gender. In this study used a qualitative approach based on the constructivist grounded theory model that examine judgments based on relationships. The population of this study was young and middle-aged men and women living in Tehran and the sampling was purposeful. The moral dilemmas were presented to participants, and information was collected with semi-structured interviews. The results of the study showed that people are willing to violate the principle of equality for their relatives, friends, colleagues, compatriots, religion and ethnicity, respectively, which was similar in both genders in terms of breadth and order. In general, the impact of personal relationships (relative, self, friend, and colleague) is related to human evolutionary characteristics, and the impact of social relationships (countryman, coreligionist, and ethnicity) is related to common goals within the group and loyalty to the group. In their decisions, both Men and women consider relationships equally in different situations, although based on the severity of the situation, their intervention is difference. The difference depends on their evolutionary characteristics rather than their ability to understanding and observing equality.

The abuse of women comes from a variety of cultural, economic, and social roots that can be exacerbated in certain families, a phenomenon that is worthy of study from different approaches. In this research, the social factors affecting the harassment of women in Iran and Iraq have been evaluated comparatively. For this purpose, 400 women aged 18-46 years old from Kermanshah and Erbil by simple random sampling method was chosen. Social learning, networking, functionalism, cultural coordination theories in order to provide a conceptual model by using variables: experience of violence, interference of relatives, family conflicts and religious beliefs were used. The results showed that the variables of family conflicts in both cities have a positive effect on female abuse, and the variables; the experience of violence in previous generation, the involvement of relatives and religious beliefs in Erbil did not affect, but these variables are an impact in Kermanshah. The research independent variables were able to explain roughly 43% of the dependent variable changes in Erbil and 48% in Kermanshah. The rate of women abuse in Erbil was 50 and in Kermanshah was 35. 8 percent, so it can be concluded that the women abuse in Iran was less than Irag.

Studying at the university is accompanied by major changes in the environment, lifestyle and way of learning that can create a situation for a deep learning called transformative learning. The purpose of this study was to identify the consequences and processes of transformative learning in female students in personal and social dimensions. The research method is descriptive-survey, the statistical population of this study were female students in Tehran, regardless of their field of study and university. The research tool was Stukey, Taylor & Cranton (2013) Transformative Learning questionnaire. Meziru's (1991) transformative learning theory was used as the theoretical framework for this research. The sample consisted of 110 female students aged 18-44 years who voluntarily responded to the call for this research in cyberspace. 59% of them were postgraduate students and 41% were undergraduates. Based on quantitative and qualitative data, it can be inferred that a more informed, autonomous, and responsible individuality can be formed within the university and through experiencing the student life. Content analysis of the responses to open-ended questions showed a variety of events from academic-educational to emotional-familial, and from economical-occupational to religious experiences were indicative of the importance of different aspects of human learning. Students had highly valued outcomes, such as greater independence, easier dealing with others, increased patience, more courage, and a greater sense of closeness to God.