JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
Year:2021 | Volume:8 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Introduction: High blood pressure is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in developed and developing countries. Controlling blood pressure requires lifelong self-care behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intervention based on social cognitive theory on self-care behaviors of patients with hypertension. Methods: The target population of this quasi-experimental study were patients with high blood pressure in health centers of Farsan. Participants were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (90 people) and control (90 people). Data were collected using the self-care activity and social cognitive theory questionnaires before and 3 months after the educational intervention. The training program were held in 12 sessions with 60 to 90 minutes duration, using lecture, group discussion, practical demonstrations, questions and answers, and video/film methods, as well as the use of a WhatsApp group for the intervention group. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 22 software. Results: After the educational intervention, the mean scores of knowledge, social cognitive theory constructs, and self-care behaviors in the intervention group increased significantly compared to that of the control group. Results of the regression analysis showed that more changes in the constructs of observational learning, self-regulation, and outcome evaluation results in the better self-care behavior in patients with hypertension. Conclusion: In interventional studies based on social cognitive theory, in order to improve the self-care behaviors of patients with hypertension, special emphasis should be placed on observational learning, self-regulation, and outcome assessment costructs.

Introduction: The relationship between cancer and psychological adjustment and health-related behaviors is an important issue that is widely discussed in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on psychological distress in patients with prostate cancer. Methods: In this quasi-experimental research, the study population included all patients with prostate cancer who referred to Labbafinejad and Shohada-e-Tajrish hospitals in Tehran in 2019. Accordingly, 40 participants were selected by the available sampling method and then randomly assigned into two experimental (n=20) and control groups (n=20). The study was performed in two qualitative and quantitative stages. Focused group discussion was used to identify the psychological problems. Acceptance and commitment therapy was performed in eight 90-minute sessions in the experimental group. The data collection tool was the standard DASS 21 psychological distress questionnaire. Mixed design with repeated measurement test was used for data analysis in SPSS ver. 26 software. Results: The results showed that the interaction effect of intergroup, intragroup, and interactive changes for the variables of depression (F=84. 530), anxiety (F=73. 949), and stress (F=71. 958) was significant at P-Value<0. 01 level. This indicates that acceptance and commitment therapy has been able to significantly reduce depression, anxiety, and stress in the experimental group. Conclusion: Considering the effect of commitment-based therapy and acceptance intervention in reducing the psychological distress in the experimental group, this intervention can be used to reduce psychological distress in cancer patients.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance-based therapy on psychological well-being and self-efficacy of schoolchildren with low vision in Tehran city. Methods: This applied study emploed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design. The statistical population included all visually impaired male high school students of Tehran city. An available sampling approach was used to select the participants. After selection, participants were randomly assigned to two groups of treatment based on acceptance and commitment (n=15) and control (n=15). Data were collected using the Reef Psychological Well-Being and Schwarz and Jerusalem Self-Efficacy Questionnaires. Acceptance and commitment treatment (8 sessions of 45 minutes per week) was performed in the intervention group. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using multivariate analysis of variance test. Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups of intervention and control in terms of psychological well-being and self-efficacy (P-Value<0. 05). Also, the mean scores of psychological well-being and self-efficacy in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (P-Value<0. 05). Conclusion: Findings show that acceptance-based therapy is effective on psychological well-being and self-efficacy of low vision students. .

Introduction: Social support is strongly associated with depression. People with empty nest syndrome who live alone have lower quality of life and poorer social relationships. Lack of strong social support may reduce positive feelings and mental health. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between social support and empty nest syndrome in middle-aged women in Ahvaz in 1399. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study, 600 people were selected as the participants using simple random sampling method during the first six months of 1399. The data were collected using demographic, Yukla loneliness, and Wax social support questionnaires. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, independent t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS software. Results: The frequency of empty nest syndrome was 40% in the study population. The mean age of the subjects in the group with empty nest syndrome was 48-58 years and in the group without empty nest syndrome was 55-63 years. The results showed a significant relationship between empty nest syndrome and social support (P-Value <0. 0001). Conclusion: Empty nest syndrome is very common in the study population and due to its relationship with social support, it is possible to plan to use social support based interventions for prevention and treatment this syndrome.

Introduction: The hallux valgus is one of the most common abnormality in the school girls. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between some anthropometric indices and foot type with hallux valgus in 10-12-year-old female students. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 60 female students aged from 10 to 12 years with hallux valgus abnormality in Ghaemshahr city who were selected using available sampling method. After data collection, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the data and the relationship between variables was examined by Spearman correlation coefficient using SPSS software. All hypotheses were tested at 95% level of significance. Results: The results of this study showed a significant relationship between hallux valgus and weight (P=0. 03), body mass index (P=0. 008), width of the front of the foot (P=0. 04), and navy drop rate (P=0. 001), while no significant relationship was found between hallux valgus and height (P≥ 0. 05) and foot length (P≥ 0. 05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed a positive and significant relationship between weight, body mass index, width of the front of the foot, and flat foot with hallux valgus. Therefore, weight control, the use of shoes appropriate to the width of the front of the foot, and treatment of flat foot is recommended to reduce the rate of hallux valgus.

Introduction: Enuresis is one of the most common disorders in children and its prevalence varies according to the living region and age. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of enuresis and its related factors in school-age children. Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study included 1465 school-age children in Bandar Abbas in 2015. A checklist was used for data collection including children’ s age, gender, educational status, history of urinary tract infection or upper respiratory infection, diurnal enuresis (presence and frequency), and snoring, as well as parents’ age, education, employment status, history of enuresis in parents and siblings, and the number of individuals sleeping in the same place as the child. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Chi-square, Fisher's exact and independent T-tests. Results: Enuresis was observed in 79 children (5. 4%). Frequency of nocturnal enuresis, proportion of males, snoring, history of enuresis in parents or siblings, diurnal enuresis, treatment of enuresis, and number of mothers with higher than diploma education were significantly higher in children with enuresis compared to those without enuresis, while the mean age of children and their mothers and proportion of employed fathers were significantly higher in children without enuresis. Conclusion: Some variables including history of enuresis in parents or siblings, snoring, parents’ education, and employment of father are associated with enuresis which should be condidered in designing preventional programs.

Introduction: High blood pressure is one of the most common non-communicable diseases that is caused by unhealthy lifestyle. The aim of this study was to assess the lifestyle of people with hypertension and compare it with healthy people in Bandar-e-Lengeh city. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-comparative study, 385 people (183 patients with a history of hypertension and 202 healthy people), who reffered to Bandar-e-Lengeh health centers in year 1398, were selected using a combined sampling method as the study sample. The data collection tool was a questionnaire with three parts including demographic information and disease history, clinical examinations, and LSQ lifestyle questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and univariate and multivariate logistic regression. A P-Value of <0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed that the mean age in the group with hypertension was 55. 30± 13. 16 years and in the healthy group it was 49. 23± 12. 69 years. Among the life style dimensions, psychological health (R = 0. 96 and P-Value <0. 05) and avoiding the use of drugs and narcotics (R = 0. 92 and 0. 05). P-Value <0. 05) had the highest correlation with the blood pressure. Conclusion: According to the findings, health can be improved by improving the dimensions of lifestyle. Therefore, health policymakers need to look at lifestyle dimensions to identify high-risk groups, increase screening efficiencies, and promote the health.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of reality therapy and compassion-based therapy on increasing self-efficacy in patients with MS. Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all patients with MS referred to medical centers in Isfahan at 2020, who 45 of them were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (n=15). Scherrer et al. 's (1982) self-efficacy questionnaire was used to collect data and for data analysis, a mixed design with repeated measures was performed by version 26 of SPSS software. Results: The results showed that the interactive effect of group × time on the self-efficacy (F=91. 845) was significant (P-Value<0. 01) and compassion therapy and reality therapy significantly affected self-efficacy in the experimental groups. The difference between experimental and control groups in terms of mean of self-efficacy in post-test and follow-up stages compared to pre-test (F = 6. 768) was significant (P-value <0. 01). These changes in the mean of self-efficacy in the control group in the three stages of the test were not significant. There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of compassion therapy and reality therapy in increasing the self-efficacy of patients with multiple sclerosis (MD = 3. 400, P-Value = 0. 429). Conclusion: Compassion-based therapy and reality therapy can significantly increase self-efficacy in patients with MS; But their effectiveness on increasing self-efficacy is the same.