RESEARCH BULLETIN OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY (HUMANITIES)
Year:2005 | Volume:18 | Issue:1|Papers Count:12

Cluster analysis on 588 monthly precipitation maps of Iran during the last half century showed that there are five precipitation regions in Iran with two to three precipitation seasons. In general, the winter time precipitation is more stable and a great deal of variability in summer time precipitation is evident. Region number two is the wettest part of the country and region number one is the driest one. The analysis showed that the climatological calendar has a specific spatial behavior.

To evaluate the trend of the maximum mean and minimum temperature of Maroon basin during the last half century, a linear regression model has been fitted to the interpolated data. A 95 percent confidence interval for the slope of the regression model was used to detect areas with negative and positive trends. This analysis showed that the temperature of basin confirm an increasing trend during the last half century. This trend is stronger for warm months and for warmer parts of the basin. Meanwhile, the increasing trend of minimum temperature is stronger than the maximum temperature.

The city and the country are the main parts of a region. These two inhabitats with structural, functional dependencies and continuums have always had economic, social, and cultural ties. The central part of Isfahan with its natural features such as the Zayandeh Rood river, its semi-desert climate as well as its dense population and several industrial and business activities has many villages in close and complementary relation with the city. However, in recent decades, with the population increase, scarcity of resources (especially water and soil), low employment opportunities, uncontrolled immigration from villages to cities especially to the primate city of Isfahan have increased dramatically with the result of changes in population and ecological balance. Which in turn has resulted into an imbalanced relationship between the city and the villages? The present paper attempts to investigate this relationship.

Better understanding and recognizing the amount of development of provinces of the country and comparing them to each other not only causes a particular attention to be paid to them economically, but also causes their weaknesses, strenths, potentialities and deficiencies to be recognized. This, in turn, ultimately causes the regional and district planning to be a success. This is not possible except by recognizing them more precisely, presenting data and finally employing appropriate strategies to attain the objectives.There are various methods to analyse different districts in different forms. In this paper, it has been tried to analyze the trend for that by using the logifudinal transversal Isard, the changes in the indexes of development of the cities of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province by comparing them to each other as well as Isfahan in one statistical decade (65-75) by considering 24 important indexes.

This paper is the essence of research concerning the role of public service centers roads in Iran from urban and regional planning point of view, funded by the Research Authority at Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST). Generally speaking, transport engineers are responsible for planning and implementation of roads. In this research, the role, characteristics and impact of public services have been viewed within a case study area between Qom and Tehran.By using descriptive methods, this research has investigated the economic, social, political, cultural, and environmental aspects of public service centers. In this regard, first some criteria are offered to locate suitable places and then service elements are dealt with. The techniques and results can be used for spatial planning in similar region in Iran.

Due to precipitation effect on the basin hydrology, it is important to increase knowledge about tempo-spatial changes of precipitation. In this research, the attention was focused on tempo-spatial of Isfahan province precipitation characteristics that provide annual precipitation maps based on Variograme and simple Kriging methods since 1969 to 2000. Based on these maps, annual precipitation in Esfahan is 186.9 mm. As shown in the main paper, the longitude and altitude are the most important factors with regard to precipitation spatial changes. The spatial change models is described by using principal component analyses and regression model. This model shows the effect of longitude, elevation and latitude respectively. There is a quadratic trend in precipitation behavior that affects CV coefficient dramatically and make three oscillatory precipitation phases. The wettest and driest years were 1969 and 1985 respectively.

In geoscience studies, one of the main problems facing geomorphologists is access to analysis outcomes that are interpretable within the framework of landforms and geomorphical processes. This problem is impossible to tackle without some previous fieldwork and direct observation, especially with regard to small-scale phenomena. Although remote sensing and image processing can, to some extent, help toward solving this problem, these images are not as easy to access as topography maps. This paper is based on the implementation of a research project, and sets out to explain a method by which geomorphic processes are interpreted by studying and analyzing the forms of contour lines in topographic maps. To achieve our purpose, thirty areas were assessed during fieldwork, and then landforms, contour patterns and the nature of land and formative systems were classified within the framework of an empirical-deductive method to determine the relationship holding between them. The most important conclusion from this investigation is that the form of contour lines in topographic maps displays spatial content, in the sense that, by relying on certain topical principles, and without having access to geological information, one can get to know with elatively high precision the form, process and the nature of the sediments characteristic of a particular area.

Due to global warming, general circulation and tempo-spatial patterns of precipitation have changed. Statistical methods are suitable to describe those changes. Precipitation data can be investigated by non-parametric methods because of the non-linearity in behavior and no normality in frequency distribution. In this paper, the authors have discussed 103 years of Isfahan precipitation by linear and non-linear methods. It has been shown that there is no linear, quadratic and ranking trend (0.05% significant). There were only four phases precipitation time series. These refer to no stochastic behavior in precipitation data.

The present study attempts to present the urban hierarchy between 1355-1375. During this period, the urban hierarchy of this province is consistent and better than other provinces of Iran. Regarding the political, economic and cultural aspects, Orumieh the center of the province attracts more immigrants and this fact made urban hierarchy not follow the rank-size role. In 1355, the population of Orumieh (the most populated city) was 2.3 times more than Khoy (the second populated city) while in 1375 it was 3 times more. In 1355 Bokan was the eightht populated city whereas in 1375 it was the third. On the whole, the urban hierarchy in urban network of West-Azarbayjan has been half balanced. Providing equal opportunities for every city of the province and also proposing better services, could help the optimal spatial hierarchy in this province

Historically, marginalization phenomenon has been known to be the result of two factors-namely place and time. These two factors are known as the general conditions necessary for its development. There are two further social and economic factors known by geographers as special conditions considered to be the sufficient conditions for its formation. Several causes have been introduced for shanty town formation by researchers. This research investigates marginalization phenomenon in Isfahan from 1340 s' to the present time a period in which fast and inharmonious urbanization started. This research applied a survey method, collecting data from 400 families randomly selected from sample quarters. In the analysis of the data, the inferential statistical procedures used were Chi-square and one sample T-test. The findings of this study revealed: 1) 44.5% of people who participated in this study answering the items used in the questionnaire were non-native immigrants to the areas studied, and 57.8% mentioned they had lived in another neighborhood within different districts of Ishahan. 2) Cheaper and easier access to shelter in shanty town areas is considered to be another cause for immigrants and low-income groups to rush into these areas. 3) Unemployment is another factor in residency in residency in shanty town areas. 4) The average people in shanty town areas is remarkably lower than other people in Isfahan city. 5) The average house rent in shanty town areas is lower than other city areas at an approximate 17.5% of the rent price.

The plain of Borkhar which is located in the northern part of the province of Isfahan is a suitable  environment for the cultivation of the plant of pistachio. In this research a pilot area was established in Borkhar and the monitoring of the phenological and aerological conditions of the growth of Pistachio were carried out for a year in 1381-82.The recorded data combined with the secondary data were analyzed through the application of SPSS and Excel softwares. The analysis has concluded that the biological activity of pistachio lasts 257 days in which the plant needs  4134/6 degree-days for different stages of growth. While rainfall and radiation are the limiting factors, relative humidity and soil conditions of Borkhar have not demonstrated any limitation for pistachio growth. Temperature is considered as a major factor for the initiation of plants growth, but a cold spring and an early low temperature in autumn are the hindering environmental factors that even stop the germination process. This paper recommends that for any development of the pistachio production in Borkhar, the application of the conclusion of this research will be a prerequisite.