RESEARCH BULLETIN OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY (HUMANITIES)
Year:2008 | Volume:32 | Issue:4 (GEOGRAPHY)|Papers Count:7

The city of Isfahan has numerous problems whose solutions are crucially vital since these problems can hurt this beautiful ancient city. One of these unpleasantly complex problems is the traffic of Isfahan.This research is intended to study the application of ICT in reducing urban trip demand in Isfahan on the basis of others' experiences. This is an applied research that by using library study, surveying and inductive method has harbored on the following conclusions:-The decrease of urban trip demand in Isfahan can be accomplished by eliminating unnecessary trips and substituting them with virtual services.- The improvement and strengthening of vital infrastructures in ICT like cultural infrastructures and equal distribution and dispensation of ICT services may lead to the success of ICT in reducing urban trip demand in Isfahan.

One of the most important problems in big cities nowadays is public transportation system and traffic. Also deficit and shortage in land transport system, especially in city transportation is one of the impediments in expansion and development of a country. One of the most effective solutions for this problem, created by the increasing number of the vehicles in big and medium cities in Iran, is developing and strengthening public transportation in the cities.In this direction, for making the best of the system for secure, continuous, inexpensive, fast and desirable services for the citizens traveling inside the city, appropriate and effective plans must be contrived.Bus transport, that is one of the most important public transportation in all the cities of Iran, especially Kashan, plays an important role in daily and interior transport of the citizens. In Kashan bus transport system due to the lack of developed systems of transport, for example subway, Tram, city train and so on, has an important responsibility to carry a large number of passengers inside the city by itself . Due to the extreme demand for bus services and because of its inexpensiveness, compared with the other public vehicles as taxis, the system of bus transportation in Kashan has encountered different difficulties and for a variety of reasons, has lost its considerable efficiency. Due to the advantages of this system and its high efficiency, expanding, designing and planning this system by the experts is urgent.This essay intends to take a step toward the better recognition of the problems of Kashan bus transportation system, especially about the standards of location, distance and the necessary accessories and equipments of the bus stations. In this research, a combination of descriptive analysis and measurement methods has been used. The results show that the public transportation system and its potential possibilities have not been exploited properly and it encounters a lot of problems in many domains like organizational structure. Also, equipments and installation structure, especially the standards of location and the distances between the stations, the required equipments in the stations and the scheduled timetable for the bus departures are among those points that need due and urgent attention.

Designing and establishing new towns in developed and developing countries is done with the intention of settling and absorbing extra population from other cities that cause civil problems. Also, these new cities are established due to the failure of developing countries in solving problems in metropolitan cities; for this reason these cities are established near the big cities to benefit from and utilize their facilities.With regard to geopolitical position of Sistan region, encouraging the population to stay in this area, as the main factor in strengthening eastern borders, is crucially important. But, population changes during the past five years show that the majority of people emigrated from this region to areas outside Sistan. Moreover, the income of city activities is less invested in the region and most of people are willing to invest outside of the region such as Zahedan and Mashad cities. Furthermore, some environmental and regional conditions such as land salinity, lack of drainage, the precocious erosion of the buildings have caused reluctance of investment within the region. Under these circumstances, Ramshar new city project was designed as a center to absorb some of the region's population in order to solve the regional problems.In this research, it is attempted to study factors that impede investment in this new city. This objective was achieved by designing questionnaires, doing library studies, making inquiries from administrations and experts. Then, the answers and collected data were analyzed to investigate the problem scientifically. The findings were classified and finally some recommendations were proposed for absorbing population and investment in Ramshar city.

In this study, the main objective is the identification of synoptic types in konarak station. Eighteen everyday climatology variables have been used including dry temperature hours (15-09-03), wet temperature hours (15-09-03), relative humidity hours (15-09-03), the wind speed (15-09-03), the wind direction (15-09-03), daily precipitation amount, max and min temperature between the Solar years of 1363/1/1 to 1382/12/29 in 20 years for Konarak station. At first, a data base was provided in MATLAB software. This data base consisted of all the events whose number of variables was recorded in it. For data analysis, one of the shapes eigenvector named P was used for typing. In fact P arrangement is an arrangement of data matrix on which climate variables are shown on columns and days on lines. Then the data was standardized so that each of the variables would have an equal share in typing. At the end, on the standardized data, a cluster analysis with the method of Ward link was carried on; and a tree dendrogram was drawn for each station. Based on the whole tree for Konarak station, 3 main types were obtained and for each obtained type, a variety of everyday synoptic typing, continuous, occurred, non-occurred, day representative and yearly and monthly time period in the last two decades was investigated so that weather synoptic t a Dypes of frequency changes becomes known.

In this research a data base has been provided using daily observations for seven climatic variables including relative humidity, daily rain, wet temperature, dry temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, the wind speed and direction during 1358-1382. At first, a data base of the investigating variables was established in "mat lab" software. Considering the goal of the research, which was weather type recognition, the researcher prepared a matrix with "P" decoration. "P" decoration is a decoration of data base matrix in which the rows are time and the columns are the indicators of climatic elements. Having chosen the classification method, the researcher carried on a cluster analysis with combination method on standardized Bam station. For every type, one day was selected as the representative day. Monthly and yearly frequency of each type was estimated. It was found that the yearly frequency of types has changed since the last three decades. At the end, the relationship of these types to circulation patterns of the middle level of atmosphere was investigated. Based on the findings, it was found that the event of each type is affected by the specific circulation pattern.

The evaluation of glaciology documents of Iran, according to Bobek Deresh, Hagedorn, Schowitzer, Kuhle and others shows that the main point of their analytical interpretations is mostly based on the recognition of permanent snow line and recent glacially-dominated regions. Particularly in the central areas of Iran, despite the recent snow line, which amounts to higher than 5000 meters, and lack of elevations above this limit, there is a speculation over the existence of permanent glaciers, even during the cold period. This point, however, never means that the evidence resulting from the glacier behavior has not been found in the above mentioned areas.Therefore, in order to test the hypothesis of this research, based on the possible creation of geomorphic forms caused by the action of Quaternary glaciers in central Iran, the Safa Shahr's basin, with an average altitude of 2447 meters above sea level, has been selected. In fact, prior to this research few researchers assumed that Safa Shahr region may have experienced the morphology of forming ice and glacier movement. Based on this research, the evaluation of regional paleoclima by Write Method and preparation of past isotherm and isoheyt maps and their comparisons with their recent conditions show that Safa Shahr's basin in its climatical background not only received twice precipitation as much as the recent amount, but also has had a temperature about 8º C lower than the present one.Consequently, during the last cold phase of Quaternary, all necessary conditions had been available to prepare adequate snow and ice so that formation could take place by the ice movements in this region. Wide evidence of glacial geomorphic features, such as 94 cirques, with different dimensions, U shape valleys, lateral moraine and wavy surfaces, along with sedimentary analyses have approved both the results of paleoclima analysis and the use of Write Method. As a result, it has been proved that Safa Shahr's basin in anaglacial areas has been widely affected by ice and glaciers.

In this paper, the main aim is the identification of weather types in Arak station. In this study we used 18 daily climatology variables including dry temperature between hours (15- 09-03), wet bulb between hours (15- 09-03), relative humidity (15- 09-03), wind speed (15- 09-03), wind direction (15- 09-03), daily precipitation amount, max and min temperature during the years of 1984/3/21 to 2004/3/19 in 20 years, two decades, for Arak station. At first a data base was provided in MATLAB software. This data base consisted of all the events whose number of variables was recorded in it. For data analysis, one of the shapes eigenvector named P was used for typing. In fact P arrangement is an arrangement of data matrix on which the climate variables are shown on columns and days on lines. Then the data were standardized so that each of the variables has an equal share in typing. At the end, on the standardized data, a cluster analysis with the method of Ward link was carried on. Then a total dendrogram for station was drawn. With regard to the main dendrogram for Arak station, four main types were obtained. The type of warm and dry are the most frequent, most endurable, most dominant and the most homogeneous; it has grown in the recent years. The type of cold and humid is the most frequent and the most heterogeneous. The moderate type is the most harmonious, the least lasting and the most sporadic. The very cold and raining type is the least frequent and has the longest period of waiting for recurrence. In recent years, rainfall has occurred relatively. On the whole, the dominance of weather types has been illustrative of the dominance of various climatic seasons. Then for each type, frequency, occurrence, nonoccurrence, diversity, day representative and time period in the last two decades have been investigated so that frequency of weather type changes becomes known.