Journal of Urban Research and Planning
Year:2019 | Volume:10 | Issue:36 |Papers Count:10

Urban resilience refers to the ability of a metropolitan, spatial and temporal system to maintain or return rapidly to the desirable performance of the past, against natural disorientations for sustainability with change. The purpose of this research is to analyze the urban resilience criteria in the worn-out texture of Tehran's 10th earthquake zone. The method of research in this study is descriptive-analytical and the purpose of the research is in relation to the subject of the research. The data have been collected through documentary and survey methods. For data analysis, one-sample T-test, Pearson, Friedman, regression, used in Geoda software, Ancelin locale Moran and Moran's I were used. The statistical population that consisted of residents of 10th district of Tehran, were 384 people who were randomly questioned. The results showed that the physical dimension (3. 11) was important in the first place and the economic dimension (2. 58) was in the second place, social dimension (2. 28) was in the third place and the institutional dimension (2/04) is in fourth place, which is set as the least important dimension. Finally, it can be stated that the utility of urban regeneration in the 10th district of Tehran against the natural hazards with regard to all dimensions and components is very weak, therefore, this area is resistant to natural hazards and low stability.

The phenomenon of informal settlement is a structural-functional problem in the field of urban management, especially in developing countries. Given the numerous economic, social and physical causes of this problem, some emphasize social factors as capacity building and empowerment of neighborhoods. Therefore, the present paper, by descriptive-analytical method, examined the main factors and obstacles in the structural empowerment of informal settlement in Ban Baze neighborhood of Ilam city. In order to collect information, field studies and library were used. In this regard, 38 indicators were extracted in four areas of education, participation, institutionalization and institutional Synergistic for analyzing structural barriers of Ban Bazz neighborhood empowerment. To analyze the data, goodness-of-fit test, factor analysis and analytical model of interactive / structural effects were used with SPSS and Mic Mac software. The results showed that the Ban Baze neighborhood follows a stable system. On the other hand, 41 percent of Ban Baza empowerment can be explained through capacity building, institutional co-operation, education and participation. Meanwhile, the "Capacity" component with a special value of 2. 289 had the highest variance (22. 893) and had the largest share in explaining the empowerment of Ban Baze neighborhood. Based on the interactive / structural analysis method, security components (4064843), trust (4809443), the length of the administrative process of preparing and implementing the plans (4957464), and training the youth (4814855) are the most important barriers to informal settlement empowerment. As a result, in order to empower informal settlements, develop security, educate residents and expedite the implementation of civil and social projects in the neighborhood of Ban Bazz in the city of Ilam is essential.

The purpose of this study is to Investigate and evaluate the vulnerability of users in District 1 in Yasuj Against Possible Crises from the perspective of non-operating defense and identify amazing indicators in increasing human and financial losses arising from Humanitarian crises. For review, data analysis Was done using software Space Spectator ARC GIS and Auto Cad and software Micma. Also for the final analysis of data and research information, statistical models IHWP and Cross-effect analysis were used. In addition, or weighting and final analysis research data from the model Builder Model were applied. Overall of 89. 5% of applications with the rate 118893 square meters and weight (151/0) have very low vulnerability, 25. 35% of applications with weight (0. 151-1799) have low vulnerability, 28. 94% of uses with area 551, 018 square meters and with weights (0. 204-0. 253) have high degree of vulnerability, and 36. 9 percent of applications with an area of 131314 square meters have a high degree of vulnerability. Also index Materials Weak building and Quality low of buildings with a net effect of 0. 25%, Has the most severity of influence Direct. Also, the findings of research showed that The target propellers are; materials weak Building and the low quality of the building, the lack of use of specialists and elites in city management, disregarding the principles of defective defense in building and designing buildings, lack of safe buildings and shelters in the city, and lack of attention to the problem of defective defense in the designs and urban planning. It is a component of input variables and has the highest net intensity of influence. In general, nearly 40% of the use in district 1 of a city, against vulnerability indicators Passive Defense and humanitarian crises are vulnerable. Also index Materials Weak building and Quality low of buildings with a net effect of 0. 25%, has the most severity of direct influence. Moreover, High population density and construction, with a net impact indirect of 20%, have the highest degree of indirect effect.

Different projects have different consequence in people’ s life, and these consequences should be explored and identified. The studies about cultural effects of projects are done to analyze the consequences of a developmental plan on individuals and communities, to reduce and moderate the negative consequences and increase the positive ones. Also, these studies are a base for managing cultural changes and a toll for decision– making about these factors that are useful for decision– making. So, the aim of this project is to present a pattern for compiling the cultural impact assessment of developmental projects of Isfahan city. In this regard, the related texts were investigated by qualitative content analysis method, and finally, to analyze data, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses method. Based on the results we can identify the most important indicators of cultural impact assessment of developmental projects in eight factors: social relations(including: ethnic and group diversity, and social interactions); creativity(including creative urban infrastructures); foresight(including: future city, and intelligent city); identity (including: Iranian identity, Islamic identity, revolutionary identity, and the competitive merit of Isfahan “ tourism"); security(physical security, and mental security); justice; attractiveness (including natural and unnatural elements); and clues and symbols(including: the impact of objective agents; and drawing inspiration from the dominant culture. The values of Cronbach's alpha and Synthetic reliability are greater than0. 7for all variables; and the value of convergent validity is greater than 0. 5for all variables; so the final pattern was determined based on fitting indices. Regarding the importance of cultural impact assessment in academic area, and applying it in urban planning and management, the results of this project prepare a cognitive and theoretical ground for the researcher interested in this study area. Also, these results may be useful for policy-makers, managers and cultural planners in urban management.

Transportation has always been one of the most important factors affecting the structure of cities, and has become one of the main urbanization problems in the last century by expanding all kinds of motor vehicles and demographic changes. According to the volume of urban travel in Kermanshah, the design of bus stations as standard is one of the reasons considered for improving the proper operation of the bus in the stations, reducing the take-off time and the boarding of the users and the less negative effect of the system on the traffic. Other vehicles. The purpose of this research is to determine the most vulnerable zones with the most potential for the construction of the bus station and in the second step to determine the best roads for construction of the bus station among these areas. One of the important structures of the neural networks is the multilayer perceptron with the error-back propagation algorithm used for this research. Therefore, by identifying the effective criteria and using the multilayer perceptron neural network, 500 points were prepared as network points and 10 intermediate layers were determined. Then, by implementing a network, the susceptible zones for the construction of the station were obtained. In the next step, between the zones obtained, the passable stations for the construction of the station were determined. Finally, it was revealed that 65, 1933 meters of urban streets in Kermanshah, 65, 012 meters, are prone to the construction of the station. It was also observed that susceptible passages are located near demographic, downtown, cultural and commercial centers.

The imagination of a city crisis because of the population in the near future is not a false prediction. At the beginning of 21 century it is estimated that nearly half of the world's population lives in urban areas, it means that; the places where most resources are consumed and produce the most waste and contaminants. Sustainable development is a new concept that has been developed since the 1980s through the linkage between different dimensions of development (economic, cultural, political, and social), and special attention to environmental considerations and environmental preservation. Accordingly, sustainable urban development will also lead to sustainable human development, which will help form social capital and create social justice. This research is descriptive-analytic in terms of research method and it has been developed for practical purposes. In this paper, the environmental structure of Sanandaj city has been evaluated and analyzed based on SWOT technique in four stages. The results of the findings based on AHP method showed that, the total score and weight of the internal factor matrix table are 319. 0 and in the external factors matrix table is 321/0 that the number is lower than the mean. In fact, the obtain strengths and opportunities are not properly used to overcome weaknesses and threats, and weaknesses dominate the strengths and threats to opportunities. The highest average of urban development sustainability (2. 92) and average value of environmental indicators (2. 97). Ultimately, some strategies for the development of environmental sustainability in Sanandaj have been introduced. However, integrated environmental management and environmental impact assessment as one of the most important tools for achieving sustainable urban development is considered and in fact it is an attempt to find solutions that will make the necessary changes in this regard.

Today, urban planners are seeking to identify the textures that are prioritized in the social and physical fields of modernization and improvement. Due to the rapid growth of urbanization and the increasing population of cities, attention has been paid to the problematic texture that some thinkers have referred to as the hidden wealth of cities. This paper tries to find a comprehensive and functional model for identifying various zones of urban texture, taking into account all factors affecting burnout. The research method used in this research is descriptive-analytic. The purpose of this research is to discover the most important forces and disadvantages in any sensitive area, and to evaluate and adopt measures for development and efficiency aimed at reducing and eliminating these factors in the context of urban sustainability. To this end, the criteria are classified into four major categories (social / cultural, economic, physical / spatial and environmental) and 20 sub-criteria. With the finalization of the applied model and through the integrated model of fuzzy hierarchy analysis (FAHP) and Geographical Information System (GIS), the problem areas in the studied tissue are identified and evaluated. The findings of the paper show that social / cultural criteria with 29% of weight are the most important factors of inefficiency, physical / spatial measures with 27% weight are in the second priority. In the following, policies were developed to achieve the development and efficiency of problem-based textures in accordance with the classification criteria for zoning.

One of the most important forthcoming problems and challenges of the cities is the urban unbalanced horizontal expansion (urban sprawl) which is influenced by different factors and increasingly develops. Factors affecting urban sprawl may differ from city to city. Yasuj is one of the cities rapidly expanded in the recent years. The present study investigates the effective factors on Yasuj urban sprawl according to the sprawl indices and criteria. This study uses an analytical-descriptive method to determine the nature and status of Yasuj urban sprawl by using the indices of population, area, and gross urban density as well as the multi-criteria analysis method whose characteristics include simplicity, flexibility, and simultaneous utilization of quantitative and qualitative criteria having the capability of investigating judgment adjustment. To study the effective factors on Yasuj urban sprawl, the muli-criteria analysis was adopted to investigate the 11 indices and criteria indicating urban sprawl after reviewing the relevant theoretical and empirical texts and based on a combination of the theories mentioned by Ewing (2002), Gagster (2006), and Frenkeland Ashkenazi (2007). The results indicated that the following criteria are the most effective ones on Yasuj urban sprawl, respectively: weakness in mixed land uses, urban land prices, urban open spaces, migration, and weak and inefficient accessibility; furthermore, there are some criteria like population density, distance from CBD (Central Business District), building density, the average size of lots, physical continuity, and the percentage of buildings without construction permit that somehow affect urban sprawl. Some recommendations are offered so as to prevent urban sprawl in Yasuj city with an emphasis on eliminating the weakness in mixed land uses, utilizing the capacity of open urban spaces, land price control, and eliminating weaknesses in accessibility network and irregularity in the constructed areas.

The purpose of the study was to compare the efficiency of the seven commonly used methods of satellite-controlled monitoring of land use changes in the evaluation of land use changes using TM and OLS Landsat, and IRS, and Spot 5 and Quick Birds bands, and different color combinations of this Images are intended for exploitation of agricultural land, residential areas and aquatic areas using object-oriented processing. Digital processing of satellite images was carried out in 1998 and 2016 using advanced methods. Educational examples in five user classes by recognition software using segmentation scale optimization using different color combinations and coefficients of shape and compression, an appropriate scale for segmentation for arable land, scale 50, for human complications 8 and finally for aquatic areas 10 as appropriate scales. Then each image was classified separately using seven methods and extracted samples and the efficiency of each classification method was calculated by calculating the two general health and Kappa coefficients. The results indicate the accuracy of each classification method, and the method of classification of the neural network with a total accuracy of 475/94 and Kappa coefficient 925/92 as the most accurate method among class methods Fetch was selected. These results show that the sampling of educational samples with the proper precision of the classes in the images and the probability of belonging to each of the pixels of satellite images to these classes can well be classified in the group available in the helpful area.

Most daily activities of the residents of residential complexes are formed in indoor and outdoor spaces. Increasing the environmental quality of residential complexes through creating thermal comfort in indoor and outdoor spaces is one of the most significant issues in meeting residents’ satisfaction. In this regard, the necessity of considering the components of environmental quality caused this study, aimed at investigating and analyzing the impact of indoor and outdoor spaces on the thermal comfort of residential complexes, to provide a more appropriate context of recognition and design for the planners and designers of this field and investigate the current situation. The sample population was extracted and classified based on the stratified sampling method through considering all types of indoor and outdoor space compositions of residential complexes in Tehran. Apadana Complex, Nevisandegan (meaning authors) Complex, ASP Complex, and Peykanshahr Complex were respectively selected from the dispersed type, strip type, centralized type, and gardened type (complex with yard). The research method was descriptive-analytical, survey, quasi-experimental of simulation type. The data related to research samples were obtained through survey method while other data were obtained from written and documentary studies. Regarding the research objectives, data collection tools were based on books and documents, GIS maps, and AutoCAD 2018 software outputs. In addition, Revit Architectural 2018, Honeybee 2018, and Ladybug 2018 applications were used for simulation and modeling. The investigation and analysis of proportions were performed in Excel 2013 with the help of simulated outputs and 2D and 3D maps. Data analysis was carried out using fuzzy logic method in Matlab 2016 software. The results of studying thermal comfort component in the four studied types indicated that the type of indoor and outdoor spaces arrangement, length to width proportions between blocks, as well as orientation and materials affect the promotion of thermal comfort component in indoor and outdoor spaces.