JOURNAL OF DENTAL MEDICINE
Year:2021 | Volume:34 | Issue:1|Papers Count:15

Background and Aims: Nowadays, new techniques are used to control dental caries that have the ability to kill cariogenic bacteria. Recently, the addition of antibiotics to glass ionomers has been proposed to reduce the overall number of saliva bacteria. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effect and compressive strength of resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) containing different antibiotics on Streptococcus mutans. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 specimens were prepared in 3 groups (n=40) including RMGI containing doxycycline with a concentration of 1. 5%, RMGI containing a combination of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and minocycline with a concentration of 1. 5%, and RMGI without antibiotics as control group. To measure the antibacterial effect, the disk diffusion method and counting of Streptococcus mutans bacterial colonies were used and then the compressive strength test was performed. Data were collected into SPSS25 and analyzed by ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests and the significance level was considered α =0. 05. Results: The mean number of bacterial colonies in the RMGI group containing doxycycline in all three time intervals 1, 24 hours and 7 days was significantly lower than the specimens in the RMGI group containing the triple antibiotic (P<0. 001). The mean compressive strength of the two experimental groups was lower than the control group but was not statistically significant (P=0. 326). Conclusion: The addition of antibiotics at a concentration of 1. 5% to RMGI resulted in a favorable antibacterial property with no significantly change in the compressive strength.

Background and Aims: Supporting the preventive approach is important in training future dentists. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of senior dental students regarding non-invasive management of dental caries. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 using total sampling method and a valid and reliable questionnaire. Knowledge, attitude and selfreported practice of senior dental students regarding caries risk assessment (CRA) and management of lesions in two paper patients were assessed. The data analysis was performed using SPSS20 and the descriptive and analytical statistics were reported. Results: In overall, 86 students (response rate=91%) were responded. In the knowledge section, caries history in the previous year, having frequent fermentable carbohydrate, xerostomia, and low socio-economic status were considered by more than half of students as factor for caries risk assessment. More than 90% of students had a positive attitude towards CRA in children. Nearly 50% of students tend to restore enamel lesions in proximal and occlusal surfaces in high-risk scenarios. There was significant association between the OHI instruction and debris index improvement (P=0. 04) in the integrated comprehensive care clinic (TUMS). The linear regression analysis showed that there was no significant association between the demographic characteristics, place of education, previous course on the level of knowledge and attitude. Conclusion: Senior dental students despite their general knowledge and positive attitude toward caries risk assessment, tended to aggressively manage the incipient lesions in the enamel and DEJ. Delivering prevention as integrated in the comprehensive care unit in order to improve oral hygiene status of patients is recommended.

Background and Aims: Promoting children's oral health is the basis for increasing the level of community health and the goal of pediatric dentistry. By recognizing all the factors affecting the health and formation of the child's health habits, a fundamental step can be taken to promote oral health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of parenting styles and demographic characteristic on OHI-S (Simplified Oral Health Index) in 2018. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 244 children aged 6-12 years in Behbahan-Iran with their parents were studied. The demographic questionnaire (variables such as parents 'age, economic status, gender, occupation and parents' education were recorded) and Bumrind questionnaire were used. The oral health status of children was assessed to determine the simplified oral hygiene index. Then, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 25 software and regression and Pearson correlation test. Results: The results showed that the children of parents who used the permissive method had higher score of simplified oral hygiene index (P<0. 001) and simplified calculus index (P<0. 001). However, in children of parents who used the authoritative parenting style, a decreased simplified oral hygiene index (P<0. 001) and simplified debris Index (P<0. 001) were observed. However, the method of authoritarian parenting style did not have a significant relationship with the simplified oral hygiene index (P=0. 890), simplified calculus index (P=0. 404), and simplified debris Index (P=0. 721). Conclusion: Powerful authoritarin and authoritative parenting practices have a clear impact on the oral health status of children. Therefore, parenting paratices can be considered as one of the main factors affecting the oral health of children.

Background and Aims: In impacted third molar surgery, panoramic radiography is a preliminary technique for assessing the consequences associated with inferior alveolar nerve injury. However, this technique cannot provide enough information to determine the true risk in all cases. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of panoramic and CBCT radiographs in evaluating the relationship between the mandibular impacted third molars and the inferior alveolar nerve. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the relationship between mandibular third molar and inferior alveolar nerve in 15 patients referred to the oral and maxillofacial radiology department of Birjand dental school including 20 mandibular third molars were evaluated using two panoramic and CBCT radiographs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test and sensitivity analysis in SPSS22. Results: In the evaluation of the teeth using panoramic radiography, the highest frequency was related to root darkening (65%) and root deflection (65%), and the lowest frequency was related to root narrowing (20%) and canal deviation (5%). The highest sensitivity of panoramic criteria was related to the root darkening with 100% sensitivity and the lowest sensitivity was related to the canal deviation with 17% sensitivity. On the other hand, the highest specificity of panoramic criteria between the mandibular third molars with the inferior alveolar nervewas was related to the two criteria of bifid apex and canal deviation with 100% specificity. The lowest specificity was related to the root deflection with 21% of specificity. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the probability of observing relationship between the mandibular third molars with the inferior alveolar nerve in CBCT radiography was very high.

Background and Aims: Nowadays, the best choice for replacing missing teeth are dental implants, however, failure is not unexpected. One of the factors that plays an important role in the implant failure is bacterial microleakage which could cause biological complication. The aim of this study was to compare the bacterial microleakage between the two types of implants. Materials and Methods: In the present interventional study, SPI and Dentis implants were placed bilaterally in the premolar-molar area of the patients' mandible. One day and 14 days after the delivery of the crown, by removing the crown and removing the abutment, sampling was performed using a sterile paper cone from four areas. One day after sample culturing, the number of colonies was counted. All data were entered into SPSS 23 and were analyzed using independent samples t-test and paired t-test with a significance level of 0. 05. Results: The amount of bacteria in implant sulcus was significantly different between the two types of implants (P=0. 003). After 14 days, the amount of bacteria in SPI implant sulcus significantly decreased more than Dentis implant sulcus (P=0. 001). After 14 days, the amount of bacteria also decreased in all other areas which there were no significant difference between the two types of implants (P>0. 05).

Background and Aims: Due to the increasing problems and side effects of the use of chemical antibacterial agents as well as antibiotic resistance, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of aloe vera gel on biofilm gene expression of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) isolated from patients with periodontal infection by Real time-PCR method. Materials and Methods: For this study, 100 individuals including 50 patients and 50 healthy individuals were recruited and examined by a periodontist. After identifying sulfate-reducing bacteria by biochemical tests and specific media, the effect of aloe vera extract on them was investigated and the expression of BFR gene against housekeeping gene (16srDNA) was determined by Real time-PCR test via T-test analysis method. Results: The data showed that 12 strains of sulfate-reducing bacteria were isolated from the samples, 5 of which had BFR gene and their gene expression was significantly reduced by aloe vera gel (P<0. 05). Conclusion: The data of this study in proving the anti-biofilm and antibacterial effects of aloe vera extract showed that the expression of the target gene is reduced. It seems that this substance can be used as an alternative to oral hygiene chemicals.

Background and Aims: Dental aesthetics has become an important issue in contemporary society. This study was designed to evaluate the patients’ satisfaction with their dental appearance and tendency to improve dental aesthetics. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, a questionnaire with 17 questions was used to collect data from 200 patients referred to the dental school of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences from April-July 2019. A valid and reliable self-administrative questionnaire consisted of questions about the appearance of anterior teeth, receiving cosmetic treatments, and favorite aesthetic dental treatments was designed and used. Data were fed into SPSS22 and analyzed by Mann-Whitney, Kruskal Wallis and Spearman correlation tests (α =0. 05). Results: Among the participants, 27. 5% (n=45) were dissatisfied with the appearance of their anterior teeth and the major reason for this dissatisfaction was related to the tooth color (35. 8%, n=71). It was also observed that approximately 84% (n=168) of the patients had a history of smile concealment because of their teeth appearance. Among cosmetic dentistry treatments, aesthetic restorations were more commonly used than other treatments (20. 5%, n=41). However, the most desired cosmetic treatments were teeth whitening (78. 4%, n=156). There was no significant relationship between the satisfaction with the appearance of teeth and interest in the orthodontic treatment with age and education level (P=0. 6). Conclusion: Teeth color was the most important factor determining the degree of satisfaction with the appearance of teeth. Most of subjects desired to receive an aesthetic dental treatment and teeth whitening was the most popular aesthetic dental treatment.

Background and Aims: Due to the prevalence of corona virus and restrictions on access to health care in the community, there are clearly many concerns and problems for the lives of people, especially the elderly. Older people are at higher risk for this type of virus than the other ages. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of dental services for the elderly during the corona outbreak and to provide solutions related to oral health of the elderly during the corona virus pandemic. Materials and Methods: The present review study was performed and the selected keywords were: coronavirus and dentistry, dentistry and the elderly, corona and the elderly. Articles were selected based on findings and related texts. English language articles were selected using Google Scholar, Science direct, PubMed and Research Gate search engines. Sources were reviewed between January 2019 and October 2020. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 articles were reviewed. Results: Research findings showed that most studies have pointed to the importance of mobile and tele-dentistry. In a coronary pandemic, it is very important to correctly diagnose the patient's problems and determine the best type of treatment for the elderly. In addition, the elderly should be prevented from entering the unnecessary dental treatments. Conclusion: Many elderly people avoid the treatment of oral diseases during coronavirus pandemic due to fear of coronavirus, high dental costs, lack of access to appropriate services, and this causes irreparable problems in their health. Therefore, it is recommended to provide practical solutions to facilitate the dental treatment of elderly patients.

Background and Aims: The increase in life expectancy and decrease in birth rate enhances the elderly population in different societies and consequently, the demand from the health system for providing the treatment needs has been elevated. It has been proposed that dentists must improve their attitude, knowledge, and practice to meet these needs. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of general dentists regarding geriatric oral health. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study, 150 general dentists participating in the annual congress of the Iranian Dental Association in 2018 were selected and completed a valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire including 5 parts about knowledge, attitude and practice regarding old age and oral health of elders. SPSS23 and multiple regression were used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of dentists was 34. 3 (SD: 9. 1) and 92 (61. 3%) of participants were women. The mean knowledge score about the old age was 16. 67 (of maximum: 26, SD: 4. 31) and the mean knowledge on the geriatric oral health was 11. 01 (of maximum: 18, SD: 2. 81). The mean general attitude about elderly was 19. 1 (of maximum: 30, SD: 4. 26), the mean attitude on geriatric oral health was 13. 09 (of maximum: 20, SD: 2. 65), and the mean practice about geriatric oral health was 6. 5 (of maximum: 10, SD: 2. 96). Age was significantly associated with knowledge regarding the elderly (P<0. 034); i. e. with increase in age lower scores in knowledge were gained. Conclusion: General dentists participating in the congress of the Iranian Dental Association demonstrated a medium level of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the oral health of elders. Proper educational programs should be planned in dental schools to improve dental student's knowledge, attitude and practice about geriatric oral health.

Background and Aims: Periodontitis is a common and inflammatory infectious disease that causes damage to the tissues supporting the tooth and consequent tooth loss. Periodontal disease is a multimicrobial and multifactorial disease and important anaerobic bacteria are involved in periodontal infection. TGF-1β is one of the growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines that play a crucial role in the repair of periodontal lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate Tetra Arms-PCR with high sensitivity and specificity, which can be used to evaluate the genomic polymorphism among oral samples and show the relationship between TGF-1β and periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: The present study was a case-control study in the periodontology department of Kerman Dental School. Sampling was done from 100 samples including 50 healthy individuals and 50 patients with microbial periodontal infection. Genotype was analyzed using DNA extracted from the blood of patients by PCR-ARMs-Tetra to determine the relationship between TGF-1β genomic polymorphism and periodontitis. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS19 software and one-way ANOVA. Results: The samples were culture positive, therefore, more than 65% of the isolated bacteria were anaerobic which included: Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus anaerobic. The results of Tetra PCR ARMs after sequence frequency were genotype CC allele (25%), CT allele (20%), TT allele (5%). Percentage of control group were CC allele (20%), CT allele (24%), and TT allele (6%). The frequency of C and T alleles in the patient group was 70% and 30%, and in the control group 63% and 37%, respectively with no significant difference between two groups (P=0. 83). Conclusion: According to the results of this study and the application of anaerobic conditions, forced anaerobic bacteria can be isolated from clinical specimens of oral infections and by Tetra Arms-PCR no significant relationship between TGF-1β genomic polymorphism and periodontitis was observed. In addition, therer was no significant difference in the frequency of alleles and genotypes between the control and patient groups.

Background and Aims: Dentistry is an important profession ensuring the health of body and soul, and has a special place in the scientific productions of medical disciplines. The purpose of this study was to analyze the co-citation and word co-occurrence of Iranian research papers in the field of dentistry based on indexed documents in Web of Science from 2014 to 2018. Materials and Methods: The present study follows the procedures related to quantitative research with a descriptive approach and a scientometric technique. Co-citation and cooccurrence analysis techniques were used. In this study, 1079 articles were reviewed from the Web of Science. Data analysis was performed Ucinet Software, and VOS viewer. Results: Iran has the highest level of international cooperation with the United States. The highest number of published articles in the Web of Science Database belongs to Vahid Derakhshani based on the highest degree of centrality, the Eigen centrality, and the Betweenness centrality. Naser AminAbadi ranked first for the Closeness Centrality metric, and Massoud Peirokh with a citation weight of 20 had the highest citation. The field of surgery has received the most attention among dental and endodontics journal had the highest citation in the Iranian Dental Science Citation Network. Conclusion: The trend of publishing scientific articles in Iran in the field of dentistry has been increasing during the selected period. The keywords oral, dental, and pediatric surgery have the most effective and decisive role in the scientific network of dentistry. These keywords provided strong scientific communication amongst the dental scholars in Iran.

Background and Aims: Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are one of the most common causes of the patient's referral to dental clinics. Considering the role of related factors in its creation, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relative frequency of factors related to temporomandibular disorders in patients aged 20 to 50 years referred to dental clinics in Isfahan in 1397. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and analytical study, 324 patients referred to Isfahan dental clinics in 1397 were randomly included. Factors related to TMD and demographic factors of patients were recorded with clinical examination by a trained dentist and self-declaration of patients in the data collection form. The frequency and relevance were analysed by SPSS 22 software and chi-square, fisher and logistic regression statistic tests. Results: At least one of the TMD related factors was present in 40. 7% of the subjects, which the most common factors related to TMD was posterior edentulousness (49. 7%). History of jaw dislocation was more common in men (P=0. 014) and the frequency of posterior edentulousness was more common in in women (P=0. 003). As the age increased, the frequency of posterior edentulousness (P=0. 000) and earache (P=0. 009) increased. The frequency of posterior edentulousness was higher in housekeepers (P=0. 000), the frequency of earache was higher in employees (P=0. 005) and the history of jaw dislocation was higher in self-employed persons (P=0. 047). Conclusion: The high prevalence of TMD and related factors, such as a history of jaw dislocation, posterior edentulousness, earache, and clenching, requires attention to be identified and treat these problems.

Background and Aims: There is a lot of burnout and stresses in various ways of people’ s lives which could result in psychological pressure, negative emotions, confusion, worry, and anxiety. Therefore, emotion cognitive regulation can play an important role in coping with burnout and adapting to stressful life events. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the emotional cognitive regulation strategies and burnout in dentists in Ilam. Materials and Methods: The method of the present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all dentists in Ilam in 2019. By simple random sampling method, 81 dentists in Ilam were selected as sample. The research instruments included the Emotional Cognitive Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-P) and the Employee Burnout Questionnaire (MBI). Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software at the level of descriptive statistics by mean and standard deviation indices, and at the inferential level by Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results: The results showed that there was a significant negative and inverse relationship between the adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and burnout in dentists (r=-0. 862, P<0. 000). There was also a significant positive and direct relationship between the maladaptive emotional cognitive regulation strategies and burnout in dentists (r=0. 829, P<0. 000). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that dentists should pay more attention to the components of emotion regulation and emotions in order to prevent and reduce job burnout.

Background and Aims: School teachers have key role in providing the basic health information for their students, and their knowledge, attitude, and practice affect children's oral health through developing of the healthy behaviors. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an oral health education program for primary school teachers on their knowledge, attitude, and practice fields in the framework of oral health promoting schools. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental pre-post study was conducted among five oral health promoting schools in Isfahan city in 2019. A validated and reliable questionnaire including four sections of demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and practice was applied for data collection. The questionnaire contained 24 knowledge, 9 attitudes, and 5 practice questions. It was distributed among 63 enrolled teachers at base line and two months later after two educational-emotional workshops. Before and after data were analyzed by SPSS21 (α =0. 05) by related samples Wilcoxon signed rank test and background variables by Kruskall-wallis test. Results: After the educational intervention, their knowledge score increased significantly from 14. 1± 3. 8 to 18. 5± 3. 7 (P<0. 001). About 34% of teachers had a high level of knowledge proficiency at the beginning of the study which eventually rose to 76%. Teachers’ attitude decreased significantly from 34. 6± 5 to 31. 4± 4. 6 (P<0. 001). At the beginning of the study, 89% of them had a positive attitude towards oral health programs which decreased to 84% at the end of the study. In the performance part, 63. 5% of the teachers paid attention to the fluoride in their toothpaste which reached 87. 3% after the workshop and the teachers' performance score increased from 3. 07 to 3. 39 after the intervention (P<0. 012). Conclusion: The package of educational intervention for teachers in oral health-promoting schools improved the level of knowledge and practice, but slightly reduced the level of attitude. However, due to the importance of changing attitudes in teachers and the existence of structural and programmatic barriers to integrate the health issues into school education, other models need to be evaluated and compared.