Health Education and Health Promotion
Year:2021 | Volume:9 | Issue:SPECIAL (5)|Papers Count:11

Aims This study was performed to determine the relationship between academic procrastination and anxiety in students of a university in the department of Apurimac, Peru. Instrument & Methods In this non-experimental, basic, descriptive-correlational study, the sample consisted of 196 university students from the first four cycles of Initial Education in 2020. Data collection was through surveys for which two questionnaires were used: the Academic Procrastination Scale (EPA) and the State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire (STAI). Both instruments were found to be highly reliable (Cronbach’, s alpha greater than 0. 8 in both cases). The descriptive and inferential analyses were carried out with SPSS 25 software. Spearman’, s Rho was applied to corroborate the value of the relationships. Findings Most of the students exhibited high levels of academic procrastination and anxiety. Inferential analysis showed a statistically significant (p<0. 05) but direct and weak relationship (r=0. 171) between academic procrastination and anxiety. State and trait anxiety were also evaluated and it was found that their relationship with academic procrastination was positive and weak (Pearson’, s r close to 0. 25 in both cases). Conclusion The constant practice of procrastinating behavior is a product of recurrent thoughts of postponing academic activities, which is part of the formation of the personality that the temperament and character of the individual.

Aims Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by progressive articular damage of the joints with extra-articular manifestations. RA has a significant impact on the impairment of patients’,quality of life and loss of physical function and is a leading cause of dependency and disability. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Self-Management Educational program on Health-Related Quality of Life (HQoL) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) in RA patients. Materials & Methods This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 145 patients with RA from 10th March 2019 to 4th February 2020 at Rheumatology and Physical Rehabilitation Center. Participants were selected by simple random sampling and randomly divided into experimental (n=85) and control (n=60) groups. The study tools included the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), Barthel Index (BI), and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). Patients in the experimental group participated in a four-session self-management training program, while patients in the control group received only routine care. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22. 0 software using Fisher’, s Exact test, Chi-square test, and Paired t-test. Findings There was a significant improvement in the quality of life domains, ability to perform activities of daily living, and functional status after the educational program (p<0. 01). Also, the proportion of totally independent increased from 35. 3% to 54. 1% (p<0. 05). Conclusion Self-management educational programs can be considered an effective intervention to improve the quality of life, perform activities of daily living and minimize functional disability in RA patients.

Aims Diabetes mellitus type 1 as a chronic disease represents a heavy burden on its patients and families. In the absence of health insurance in Iraq, the public sector should provide these patients with standard care to not compel them to get it from the costly, private one. This study aimed to overview the provided public service for children and young people living with diabetes in Iraq and compare it with international standards. Instrument & Methods In this descriptive study in 2019, the opinions of physicians running public PDU in 18 provinces of Iraq were collected via an online questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the Survey Monkey built-in analyzing tools. Findings The number of patients in each center ranged between 98-3000. Before transferring patients to adult services, the mean age was 16 years, ranging between 14-19 years. 78% of health care providers had no transition policy in their centers. Team composition was variable,44% of the units had no pediatric diabetologists or trained physicians in pediatric diabetes, half had no diabetes specialist nurses or diabetes educators, 78% had no dietitians, and 94% functioned without psychologists. Basic facilities and medical supplies were limited, and not all investigations were available. The annual screening was performed in 56% of centers. Educational activities were organized only in 39% of units. Conclusion There is a significant shortage of essential requirements for running a reasonable pediatric diabetes service with a wide variation in the provided services between the pediatric diabetes units.

Aims Dental caries and obesity are mutually common adult diseases that could impact the overall wellbeing and are a problem to the health expenditures. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between body mass index and dental caries in adults. Instrument & Methods In this cross-sectional study conducted at Merjan teaching hospital in Babylon, 165 patients were selected by convenience sampling from May to August 2020. Dental caries severity and obesity were identified by decayed, missing, and filled teeth and body mass indices. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation, Chi-square, and Mann-Whitney tests. Findings One hundred eight participants were obese, and 29 were overweight. 58. 2% of the participants had poor (>10), 12. 7% had bad, and 29. 1% had well decayed, missing, and filled teeth index. The difference between BMI categories based on decayed, missing, and filled teeth index classes was significant, and those with poor decayed, missing, and filled teeth index were significantly heavier (p=0. 004). The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth index of all the studied participants was 13. 6±, 10. 1, which was very bad. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth index and all its components expressed a positive but insignificant correlation with the age of the participants. Conclusion Dental caries are associated with body mass index but not with age and gender. Overweight people are more likely to have a poor decayed, missing, and filled teeth index.

Aims Drugs can change the conscious state for pleasure by altering users’,perceptions, feelings, and emotions. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Interactive Learning Multimedia compared to lecture methods in increasing the knowledge of the dangers of drug abuse. Instrument & Methods This quasi-experimental research was conducted in 2020 on grade IV elementary school students. Fifty-six students were selected by random cluster sampling method and randomly divided into multimedia learning groups (experimental) and lecture groups (control). Data was collected by the Knowledge on the Dangers of Drug Abuse questionnaire. Data were entered into the SPSS 18 software, and the covariance statistical test was used to determine the effectiveness of interactive learning multimedia. Findings The pretest scores of lecture and multimedia groups were 84. 5±, 12. 3 and 82. 9±, 11. 9, respectively. The posttest scores of lecture and multimedia groups were 89. 1±, 12. 0 and 98. 6±, 10. 5, respectively (p<0. 05). Conclusion Using interactive multimedia learning can increase the knowledge of the dangers of drug abuse in school children better than lecture learning.

Aims This study aimed to analyse the snow cover in the Norilsk industrial region and assess the state of atmospheric air in the winter. Materials & Methods This experimental study was conducted in 2019. The organoleptic method was used for determining quality indicators based on the analysis of sensory perception,sight, smell, hearing, touch, taste. Findings Norilsk ranks second in terms of atmospheric contamination. Industrial enterprises annually emit large amounts of sulphur dioxide, phenols, and heavy metal particles. The city is located within the Far North and is distinguished by the harsh climate of the subarctic type. The snow cover can lie from 244 to 277 days. Snow is a good sorbent,therefore, the snow cover accumulates solid and gaseous pollutants that enter it from the atmosphere with precipitation or are absorbed from it. Conclusion Heavy metal ions and sulphate ions are not detected in the thawed snow, so no industrial gas pollution is noted in the residential area. Most of the particulate contamination is caused by slagging of roads to improve vehicle traction.

Aims The purpose of the study is to study the theoretical aspects of human capital development, analyse the development of human health capital in the Arctic and develop recommendations aimed at the development of human health capital and increase the share of attracting young professionals to this region. Information & Methods Methods of synthesis, comparison, economic and statistical analysis, and graphical representation of the results were used. Findings The results of the study made it possible to conclude how high a level of human capital development and potential the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation has. Based on the analysis, recommendations have been developed that will increase human capital by attracting young specialists to the region and preserve the number of labour resources that are already concentrated among residents in the Arctic. Conclusion It is necessary to provide high-quality training in universities, which are obliged to take into account the specifics of the development of the Arctic, its harsh natural and climatic conditions, as well as the specifics of the organization of infrastructure and much more. The proposed recommendations can be included in the development of a new strategy for the development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation, as well as a program for attracting young specialists.

Aims The university’, s social responsibility has a policy of improving university continuity by fulfilling the mission by forming caring citizens, ethical management, environmental care, and disseminating social knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate social responsibility in university students. Instrument & Methods The research was developed under the quantitative approach, substantive type, descriptive level, non-experimental cross-sectional design. It had a sample of 500 university students of the fourth and fifth cycle of a private university’, s faculty of health sciences. The instrument was applied to evaluate the characteristics of university social responsibility in university students by Bolio & Pinzó, n, which consists of seven dimensions: awareness, commitment, controversy with civility, respect for diversity, citizenship, social justice, change. Findings 46. 8% presented low levels,33. 6% presented medium levels, and 19. 6% presented a high level of university social responsibility,students under 20 years old obtained 27. 8% of low level of university social responsibility, and the female gender obtained 42. 2% of low level of university social responsibility. Conclusion Social responsibility should be considered within the university as a transversal axis in all subjects in the holistic formation of the university student since its main objective is to contribute to the formation of students through values, teaching, research and internal management.

Introduction As part of any program, it is essential to identify the multiple factors influencing behavior. In the present study, an attempt has been made to overview this model’, s concepts and mention some strategies for developing health behaviors using this model. The health belief model is one of the first models to introduce theories from behavioral sciences into the field of health to solve health problems. A group of psychologists first developed this model in the 1950s to help explain why people do not use health services such as chest x-rays for tuberculosis screening and smallpox immunization. Conclusion People are afraid of the disease, and the degree of fear or the perceived threat encourages people to take health practices. The Health Belief Model was used to develop messages that motivate people to make decisions. This model helps to identify behaviors, identify points where behavioral changes need to be made, and make decisions easier.

Aims The use of WhatsApp can develop autonomous learning, however, there are still no tools that can measure it. This study was performed with the aim to analyze the psychometric properties of the Abbreviated Scale of Autonomous Learning with the use of WhatsApp in Peruvian university students. Materials & Methods In this instrumental study, in a non-probabilistic sample (n=411) of students, An exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability were estimated. Findings The statistics report that the AFE are acceptable and significant KMO (0. 816) and Bartlett’, s test (1431. 09,gl=6,p=0. 0001). Robust analyses (χ, 2=24. 180,p=0. 0001,TLI=0. 955,CFI=0. 998,GFI=0. 998,AGFI=0. 994, and RMSR=0. 043), show that the unidimensional structure acceptable and reported an internal consistency of 0. 932. Conclusion The EBAA-4 is valid and reliable. Therefore, its use is recommended for university students.

Aims The conscious regulation of learning enables students to cope with academic, social and technological demands in times of COVID-19 pandemic in a positive or negative way. The aim was to explain the influence of cognitive learning strategy on academic stress in university students. Instrument & Methods This quantitative research with basic type a hypothetico-deductive method was performed. The sample of two hundred students (one student calculated through probability sampling) who were administered instruments with content and construct validity, as well as reliability by Cronbach’, s Alpha of 0. 99 for learning strategies and academic stress. Findings The predominant cognitive strategy was information coding, considered risky because it produces high levels of stress, as well as idiosyncratic underlining, reviewing aloud and repeated review,while applications, metaphors, groupings and concept maps were considered protective, because they do not generate academic stress. Likewise, social interactions had a significant influence on the information processing support strategy. Conclusion The information coding, epigraphy, applications, searching for encodings, and social interactions strategies have the highest effect on cognitive learning, information acquisition indicators, information coding, information retrieval, and processing support, respectively.