Sport Physiology and Management Investigations
Year:2018 | Volume:10 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:11

The present study was carried out to investigate the relationship between time management and career stress in physical education teachers. The study was descriptive, survey conducted as a field research. The statistical population consisted of all physical education teachers of elementary schools in Mashhad city (N=1167). 291 subjects were selected by cluster random sampling method (134 males and 157 females). 3 questionnaires were used to collect data: Demographic (researcher-made), Time Management and Career Stress standardized by Moghimi (2006). The analysis of data showed a reverse correlation between time management and career stress (r=-0. 48, P≤ 0. 01). The results of the linear regression analysis showed that time management significantly predicted career stress of physical education teachers; this variable explained 50% of career stress variance. Among demographic characteristic, only education level had a reverse and significant relationship with career stress (r=-0. 49, P≤ 0. 02). The analysis of data was conducted using SPSS18 and Excels. It seems that time management decreases career stress through eliminating time stressful factors. Therefore, it is suggested that the authorities of Ministry of Education should try to administer time management courses to reduce career stress and increase job satisfaction and performance.

The interaction between exercise, games, and brain neuron-peptides such as orexin has created new scientific fields related to the problem of obesity and its treatment. In order to compare two methods of aerobic exercise on serum orexin A and overweight and obesity, 30 overweight and obese adolescent boys (10. 97± 0. 5 years old) were selected and randomly divided into three groups: control, indoor aerobic exercise on the treadmill, play in an open area. They exercised 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Serum levels of orexin A were measured using ELISA method. One-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc test were used for intergroup comparisons; dependent t student test was applied for intra-group comparisons at a significance level of P≤ 0. 05. The results indicated that both outdoor aerobic exercise and treadmill exercise significantly increased the serum levels of orexin A (P=0. 000 and P=0. 001 respectively). This change was higher in play group than the other group (P=0. 04). Changes in weight loss indicators including BMI and body fat percent were significant only in the outdoor aerobic exercise group and control group (P=0. 046, P=0. 037 respectively). Therefore, it can be concluded that outdoor aerobic exercise versus indoor aerobic exercise on the treadmill has a more significant effect on serum orexin A and weight loss.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of physical activity, body composition (weight, BMI, WHR and body fat percent) and parental education with screen time in 10-12-year-old male students. 733 students (height: 144. 1± 8. 1 cm, weight: 39. 2± 11. 4 kg and BMI: 18. 7± 4. 1 kg/m2)at primary schools in Sanandaj city participated in this study using random cluster sampling method. Data of screen time and physical activity levels of the subjects along with the level of parental education was collected by a questionnaire. Also, body composition parameters and hand grip strength were evaluated. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were used and Spearman correlation was applied to investigate the relationship of the variables. Results showed a significant negative relationship between screen time and level of physical activity and hand grip strength, and a significant positive relationship between screen time and BMI, WHR, body fat percent and the level of parental education (P≤ 0. 05). These results indicated that an increase in screen time in 10-12-year-old students deceased their physical activity and body composition indices deteriorated.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the gene expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α ), glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats. For this purpose, 20 male 10-week-old male rats (weight 20± 220 gr) were selected. Type 2 diabetes was induced intraperitoneally by the injection of nicotinamide-streptozotocin and then were randomly divided into two groups of aerobic exercise and control. The aerobic exercise program was performed for 12 weeks, 5 sessions a week, 10-50 minutes per session and speed of 18-26 meter/minute. Fasting glucose, serum insulin and HNF-4α gene expression in the liver tissue were measured in both groups after the last exercise session and compared by independent t test. The results showed that aerobic exercise significantly decreased fasting glucose (P=0. 001), insulin resistance (P=0. 044) and significantly increased insulin (P=0. 019). Also, the expression of HNF-4α after aerobic exercise significantly decreased in comparison with the control group (P=0. 007). Based on these findings, aerobic exercise is likely to reduce the liver HNF-4α gene expression of type 2 diabetic rats by increasing serum insulin. Thus, reduced expression of this gene through the effect of aerobic exercise and thereby reduced production of liver glucose may be one of the mechanisms of the effect of exercise in people with type 2 diabetes.

The main objective of this research was making a comprehensive model of Olympic education for Iran. This study used qualitative method and was performed by grounded theory. Purpose population of this study includes all elites who are elite in education and research about Olympic movement. These elites included executives and executives, champions and coaches participating in the Olympics, and scholars and faculty members. In this research, both theoretical and snowball sampling was used. Data were collected by 19 Semi-structured interviews. The findings of study included five categories of causal conditions, intervening conditions, contextual conditions, strategies and consequences were presented in the form of Strauss and Corbin’ s coded pattern. Overall, this research by hhighlighting the status of the Olympic education in Iran and the development of the Olympic education model in Iran, show that Olympic education in Iran can be performed by some strategy include educational, cultural, championship and advertising.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of HIIT in water and land on some antioxidant and inflammatory factors in male Squash players. 24 squash players (age: 23. 90 ± 4. 05, height: 176. 46 ± 6. 40 cm and weight: 74. 80 ± 7. 35 kg) who had 3 years of club membership and continuous sport activities were selected purposively and randomly divided into 2 groups: training in water (n=12) and training on land (n=12). HIIT was conducted in water and land with an intensity of 80-90% of maximum heart rate in 8 sets of training and in two 4-minute sessions for one session. In both water and land groups, blood samples were collected before and immediately after HIIT in water and land to measure levels of interleukin 6, reactive protein C, uric acid and total bilirubin. Two independent sample and dependent t tests were used to calculate the results. All results were considered at P≤ 0. 05. The results showed no significant differences between the two groups in the serum level of interleukin 6 (P=0. 18), bilirubin (P=0. 15) and uric acid (P=0. 14), but the difference between the two groups was significant in the case of C-reactive protein (P=0. 02). The findings showed that one session of HIIT in water could influence reducing the level of CRP in squash players due to the physical properties of water.

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between work ethics and organizational commitment of event volunteers in sports. The method applied was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population consisted of all volunteers participating in the twelfth nationwide sport-cultural Olympiad of male and female students of universities. Because of the low number of the population, the sample was selected by census sampling method (n=N=133). The data were collected by two questionnaires of Work Ethic by Petty (1990), and Organizational Commitment by Allen and Mayer (1991). Face and content validity of the questionnaires were examined and approved by experts. Collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between work ethics and organizational commitment. Also, the results of the regression analysis showed that among dimensions of work ethics, healthy and humane relationships and diligence and perseverance at work had positive and significant roles in predicting the commitment of volunteers. Finally, sport managers are recommended to increase organizational commitment of sport volunteers by providing ethics codes and developing work ethics principles.

Cytoplasmic transport is a vital process in the CNS that improves neuronal survival. KIF5B and Dynein are motor proteins involved in cytoplasmic transport which play an important role in the anterograde/retrograde transport. However, the effect of training especially high intensity interval training (HIIT) is less clear on the expression of these proteins. The present study examined the effect of HIIT on the gene expression and the amount of KIF5B and Dynein proteins in the hippocampal tissue of Wistar male rats. 14 rats were divided into 2 groups: (1) the training (TG: n=7) and (2) the control (CG: n=7). Training program was carried out on a treadmill for 6 weeks, 5 sessions per week. The protein contents of KIF5B and Dynein were determined by the immunohistochemical analysis. Moreover, the Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time PCR) procedure was used to measure mRNA expression of the variables. The findings showed that 6 weeks of HIIT significantly decreased the gene expression of KIF5B and Dynein (P=0. 001 and P=0. 001 or percentage of changes=-0. 72 respectively). Also, HIIT significantly decreased KIF5B (P=0. 001) and Dynein (P=0. 004) protein content after 6 weeks of HIIT. These findings demonstrated that HIIT was associated with the down-regulation of gene expression and protein content of KIF5B and Dynein in the hippocampal tissue although the underlying mechanisms have remained unknown. These changes show that HIIT may have negative effects on anterograde/retrograde cytoplasmic transport because the cytoplasmic transport is mediated by KIF5B and Dynein.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between employees’ job motivations and organizational innovation in Sport and Youth departments in Hamadan province. 108 employees and directors of Sport and Youth departments in Hamadan province were selected by cluster sampling method. Dant et al. Job Motivation Questionnaire (1996) and Mirkamali and Chupani’ s Organizational Innovation Questionnaire (2011) were used for this study. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient indicated a significant positive relationship between job motivations and organizational innovation (P≤ 0. 05). Also, the results of linear regression analysis test showed that job motivation could predict organizational innovation (R=0. 415, P=0. 000). In addition, the results of independent t test showed no significant differences between the viewpoints of women and men on the level of organizational innovation (t=-0. 105). Finally, the results of one-way analysis of variance test showed no significant differences among individuals with different educational levels in the amount of organizational innovation (F=0. 78).

Depression is one of the psychiatric consequences of myocardial infarction (MI). Increased inflammatory factors after MI change limbic system volume through cell death and neurogenesis imbalance. Brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and serotonin are effective neurogenesis factors in depression. It is accepted that training can increase neurotrophic factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on hippocampus serotonin and BDNF in post MI rats. 32 adult male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: ischemia/reperfusion control (MI-CTL), ischemia/reperfusion HIIT (MI-HIIT), HIIT/healthy rats (HIIT) and sham. Ischemic modeling was induced by the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation. HIIT started 4 weeks of recovery after LAD ligation. Rats had the training for 40 min., 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The results showed a significant increase in exercise capacity and cardiac function indices (ejection fraction and shortening fraction) in MI-HIIT group compared with MI-CTL group (P<0. 05). HIIT significantly increased the expression of serotonin and BDNF in MI group (P<0. 05). HIIT increased serotonin and BDNF following MI.

The aim of this study was to develop the strategic plan of national federation of Zoorkhaneh sports with mixed research method (a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods). The statistical population included previous and current board of directors in the federation, committee authorities, presidents of province boards, university professors and presidents of Zoorkhaneh associations in other organizations (N=70). The statistical sample was equal to the population and finally 58 questionnaires were returned correctly. An open questionnaire was used and the respondents were asked to list the vision, mission, values, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of national federation of Zoorkhaneh sports. Research strategic committee determined the importance coefficient and rank of each internal and external environment factor in the federation. When the strategic position of the federation was determined, 15 strategies were extracted and prioritized by adjunctive matrix. National federation of Zoorkhaneh sports was in SO strategic position. So strategies should be directed towards developing the activities of the federation. This issue was considered in the development of these strategies.