Journal of Dental Medicine
Year:2000 | Volume:13 | Issue:1(23)|Papers Count:9

Up to now, no complete study was carried out about the prevalence and location of periapical granuloma and radicular cysts from the point of view of clinical symptoms (e.g. pain and swelling fistula) in Iran. The data was collected from the files available in the Department of Pathology, faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. With a consideration on different therapeutic methods, a proper method was selected. Radicular cyst occurred in 59.3 percent of 324 cases while 45.7 percent were granuloma. The most common incidence of these lesions was in the range of 24-25 years old. The most common location of lesions was the maxillary anterior. Sinus tracts occurred in 74 of all cases. 47.3 percent of these patients have been previously received root canal therapy. It is noticeable that 24 percent of all patients were treated endodontically before surgery. Higher incidence of granuloma occurred in small lesions while cysts were more common in large lesions. 232 of all cases showed one of the clinical symptoms, 16% pain, 35.8% swelling and 22.8% fistula. No symptoms were found in 92 cases.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of palatal expansion in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis. Enuresis still remains a problem experienced by children and the reason is unclear. Finding a final solution is being sought by the medical profession.Nocturnal enuresis may lead to numerous physical and emotional problems. Currently available treatment options showed satisfactory results in some cases.A treatment sample of 6 boys and 4 girls who ranged in age from 6 to 9 years was selected. Research showed that with palatal expansion (4-7 mm), patients could breathe through their nose rather their mouth; as a result, enuresis is reduced significantly.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic and common disease of the oral mucosa, which its etiology, pathogenesis and exact treatment is not definitely known. T-cell mediated immunity is the most probable factor in pathogenesis of OLP. Since TNF-a primarily, as a cytokine, interferes T-Cell mediated immunopathologic reactions, it may also interfere with pathogenesis of OLP.In an observational case- control study, the values of TNF-a in serum of OLP patients were measured and compared with the values of healthy cases. 30 OLP patients and 30 healthy controls have examined with ELISA technique. Data was obtained by observation questionnaire and examination.The mean value of TNF-a in case and control groups were 26.2 and 7.9 pg/ml, respectively, which showed significant difference (P<0.005).Considering the TNF-a value with respect to sex and age did not show any significant difference, however the lower TNF-a value was obtained with increasing the age, and higher value observed in females. Higher values of TNF-a found in OLP patients compared with control group. It means TNF-a is an effective factor in OLP. Due to these findings new treatment protocols have been suggested.

Peripheral giant cell granuloma (P.G.c.G) is an exophytic lesion with an approximate size of 0.5-1.5 mm. It usually occurs on gingival and alveolar ridge of mandible particularly in molar and premolar region. The relation of serum calcium (Ca), Phosphor (P), and alkaline phosphates (Alk) levels to P.G.C.G is yet controversial. In this descriptive study, 33 patients with P.G.C.G were chosen and serum Ca, P, and Alk levels compared with the normal range. In all patients the level of Ca was in the normal range. Phosphor (P) was in the normal range in all patients over 17 years old and 80% under 17 years. The level of ALK in 75.8 percent of the patients over 17 years and 90% under 17 years was in the normal range.In conclusion, no relationship was found between serum changes and P.G.c.G. It means P.G.c.G can be completely independent lesions from serum changes.

Preservation of bone-implant interface is vital for maintaining of implant treatment. There are some cases in which crown to fixture ratio is increased due to loss of residual ridge. In this condition knowledge of stresses acting over alveolar bone is important in regard to prognosis of treatment.In this study three different crown to fixture ratios evaluated under lateral forces considering stresses generated in the alveolar bone around the implant.Three different models of crown to implant ratios were designed in a single-tooth implant at anterior maxilla.Model No. 1 with ratio of 1:1, model No. 2 (1.5:1) and model No. 3 (2:1) were designed. Then, the differences between stresses under two horizontal loads (70 and 100 Newton) were analyzed by three dimensional finite element analyses. Principal normal stresses and Vonmises stress were measured in this study.Results indicated that stress concentration were mainly at the crystal bone.Highest stresses were obtained in third model (2: 1 ratio), which was approximately twice as first model (1: 1) ratio.    

Clinical healing following guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in intrabony pockets using a polyurethane membrane was compared to healing following gingival flap surgery (GFS).Ten patients with adult periodontitis and the presence of intrabony defects were selected. Oral hygienic treatments were performed during a 4- week's period prior to surgery.One intrabony defect on each patient was randomly chosen to be treated according to the guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedure. The other side received the control treatment GFS. Test group received the GTP treatment including polyurethane membrane after reflecting the flap and curettage of defect. However, flap surgery and curettage were done in control group.The patients were evaluated for changes in probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), recession changes in crystal resorting, and defect bone fill. Clinical examinations were performed again 6 months post operatively.The average of (PD), (CAL) and defect depth (DD) before surgery in test group was 3.23, 13.87 and 7.3 mm respectively and in control group was 3.1, 8.9, 7.4 mm. After 6 months the average of (PD), (CAL) and (DD) was 1.69, 1.68, 3.5 mm, respectively and in control group was 1.24, 1.09, and 2.90 mm. Test group and control group showed successful results in treatment of intrabony defects. Test group showed better results than control.No significant difference was observed between two treatment procedures from the point of view of pocket depth reduction, attachment gain, and recession.The bony fill and crystal resorption results suggest similar clinical potential of GTR procedures compared to GFS in treatment of intrabony pocket. However, in order to gain future insight, larger samples and longer observation periods should be evaluated.

32 patients were entered in randomized double blind clinical research. The patients were divided into two groups. Group A (18 patients) were given a single dose of 20 mg Piroxicam one hour pre-surgery. Group B (14 patients) were received 325 mg Acetaminophen every six hours immediately after surgery. The mouth opening was measured pre-surgical treatment. Pain relief was evaluated in both groups 1st and 8th hour after surgery. The mouth opening was measured 1st and 7th day after surgery. The results showed that the analgesic effects of Piroxicam were higher than acetaminophen, however, the comparison of truisms means revealed no significant difference.

In recent years many patients have been received radiotherapy for head and neck tumors and a large number of them have been survived for some years.The side effects of radiotherapy in oral region are mucositis, ulcers, fungal and viral infections and salivary glands dysfunction. Among these, mucositis is the most important one. A randomized double blind clinical trial was performed in radiotherapy department of Tehran Imam Khomeini Hospital to determine chamomile mouth rinse effects on mucositis after radiotherapy. The patients are selected randomly from those with oral oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal cancers. Data showed that chamomile administration could decrease mucositis rate significantly.  

Characterization of bioceramics coating and evaluation of the influence of kind of coating on the implantation has been developed in recent years.Different bioceramics coating like calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and bioglass were coated on dental and orthopedic implants. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments were done for evolution of implant success and reliability and study of factors, which may influence the results.Researches indicate that different bioceramic coating may affect the bone bonding mechanism. Biodegredable calcium phosphate coating can be resorbed and be replaced with bone tissues. Hydroxyapatite cause earlier stabilization of dental implant in surrounding bone (biological fixation) and reduce healing time. Bioglass can protect substrate and provide interfacial attachment to bone.