Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
Year:2021 | Volume:26 | Issue:4|Papers Count:10

Objectives This study aims to determine the effectiveness of psychodrama in reducing the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in primary school students living in earthquake-stricken areas. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test/post-test design using a control group. The study population consists of all male primary school students diagnosed with PTSD living in Salas-e Babajani County, Kermanshah, Iran. Of these, 40 were selected using a purposive sampling method and based on the PTSD criteria, and were then divided into two groups of intervention (n=20) and control (n=20). Research instruments were a diagnostic interview based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) criteria and the PTSD Checklist for DSM5 (PCL-5) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using one-way and multivariate analysis of covariance. Results Psychodrama reduced the symptoms of PTSD in children with an effect size of 0. 51 (P<0. 001). Conclusion Psychodrama is an effective method for reducing the PTSD symptoms and neuropsychological problems. For the generalization of its results, further studies are recommended.

Objectives The present study aims to investigate the effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy (CBGT) on pain self-efficacy, fatigue, life expectancy and depression in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Methods In this quasi-experimental clinical trial with a pretest/posttest design, 68 patients with MS referred to MS clinics and MS Association of Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran were selected using a convenience sampling technique, and were then assigned into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received ten 2-hour weekly sessions of CBGT, while the control group received no treatment. In the pretest and posttest phases, Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Snyder’, s Adult Hope Scale (AHS) and Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) were completed by all subjects. The collected data were analyzed using ANCOVA and t-test. Results The CBGT significantly improved pain self-efficacy (P=0. 001) and life expectancy (P=0. 001) and reduced fatigue (P=0. 02) and depression (P=0. 003) in the intervention group compared to the control group. Conclusion CBGT can increase pain self-efficacy, life expectancy and reduce fatigue and depression in patients with MS.

Objectives Difficulty in emotional regulation is an important component in the pathology of different types of addiction and its evaluation can be helpful in understanding and treating these difficulties. The purpose of this study is to evaluate emotional regulation in people with opioid dependence (heroin and opium), food addiction, and internet addiction compared to normal people. Methods This is a causal-comparative study. Participants were 120 eligible male addicts selected using a purposive sampling method and divided into four groups of 30 including drug addiction, food addiction, internet addiction, and control. Semi-structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders, Yale Food Addiction Scale, and Young’, s Internet Addiction Test were used to diagnose the addictions. Then the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) was completed. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the collected data. Results Overall DERS score and the score of its subscales were higher in all three addiction groups compared to the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference between the three addiction groups in subscales of “, unwillingness to accept certain emotional responses”,and “, difficulty engaging in goal-directed behavior”, , but a significant difference between the three addiction groups was observed in subscales of “, difficulty controlling impulse”, , “, lack of emotional awareness”, , “, lack of access to strategies”, , “, lack of emotional clarity”, , and overall DERS score (P<0. 05). Conclusion Men with opioid dependence, internet addiction and food addiction have more difficulties in emotional regulation compared to their normal peers. Emotional regulation ability in men with internet addiction is greater than in those with food and opioid addictions.

Objectives The current study aims to provide a structural modeling of self-harm behaviors in adolescents based on their temperament and character traits, emotion regulation strategies, and perceived parenting. Methods This is a descriptive/correlational study. The study population consists of all high school students (1-3th grade) during 2017-2018 in Tehran, Iran. Of these, 159 with a mean age of 15±, 0. 75 years were selected by using a cluster sampling technique. they were assessed by Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and Deliberate Self-Harming Inventory (DSHI). For data analysis, Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling were conducted in LISREL V. 8. 8 and SPSS V. 20 applications. Results Novelty seeking dimension of TCI and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies had a direct and positive relationship with self-harming behavior. Although harm avoidance dimension of TCI and authoritarian parenting had no direct effect on self-harming behaviors, they became effective after mediation by maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and novelty seeking together were able to predict 22% of the variance in self-harming behavior Conclusion Novelty seeking personality trait and authoritarian parenting can affect and predict selfharming behaviors of the adolescents.

Objectives Due to the importance of social support and healthy lifestyle, this study aims to evaluate the relationship of perceived social support with health-promoting lifestyle in women who participated in national breast cancer early detection program. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 1000 women participating in breast cancer early detection program in Arak, Iran were selected from 16 health centers using a convenience sampling method. Two questionnaires of Perceived Social Support (PSS) and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) were completed on behalf of them. To describe the variables, mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage were used. The Pearson correlation test was used for examining the correlation between study variables. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS V. 23 software. Results The Mean±, SD age of women was 33. 78±, 11. 30 years. There was a significant correlation between perceived social support and health-promoting lifestyle (r=0. 42). Regarding HPLP dimensions, perceived social support had the highest and lowest correlation with spiritual growth (r=0. 46) and physical activity (0. 26) dimensions, respectively. Regarding the PSS dimensions, health-promoting lifestyle had the highest and lowest correlation with family support (r=0. 40) and the support from friends (r=0. 30), respectively. Conclusion There is a direct and significant relationship between perceived social support and healthpromoting lifestyle in women. Therefore, by increasing their social support, it is possible to promote their healthy lifestyle.

Objectives Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is one of the most common causes of disability worlwide. Perception of coping strategies is important in these patients. This study aims to investigate the coping strategies in patients with SCI. Methods This is a hermeneutic phenomenological study using van Mann’, s approach. participants werre 15 adults (4 females, 11 males) with SCI living in Ardail, Iran who were recruited using a purposive sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Interviews were recoreded and then transcribed and finally analyzed by using the thematic analysis approach proposed by van Mann. Results The lived experiences related to coping strategies in patients were summarized in six main themes including acceptence of the incurability, desire for being independent, praying for divine help, patience & persuasion, time as a coping factor, and marriage. Conclusion Patients with SCI use their own strategies to cope with their disability. Therefore, it is necessary for clinicians and psychiatrists to strengthen their coping strategies to help them better adapt to their injury.

Objectives Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is an uncommon type of dementia. The hallmark feature of FTD is the presentation with aphasia or behavioral changes which vary in different FTD subtypes. In this study, we propose a quantitative aphasia test as an additive diagnostic tool for differentiation of FTD subtypes. Methods The applied study was conducted on 20 patients with FTD (13 men and 7 women) aged 58-78 years (Mean age=63±, 0. 8 years) referred to dementia clinic of Rasul Akram Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Based on clinical diagnosis, patients were divided into three groups of behavioral variant (n=5), semantic dementia (n=4) and non-fluent aphasia (n=11). The Persian Western Aphasia Battery (P-WAB-1) test was performed on the patients to assess their aphasia severity based on its overall score (Aphasia Quotient). The score of each language section of the test was also reported for each study group, separately. After recording data, they were analyzed in SPSS V. 22 software using the whole rock analysis. Significance level of Aphasia Quotient score was measured separately for each study groups. Results Patients with non-fluent aphasia had problems only in the speech fluency domain, and their abilities in other domains remained intact. Conclusion It seems that P-WAB-1 test is a useful tool for assessing the non-fluent aphasia in patients who suffer from progressive dementia. These patients should be referred to speech therapist for rehabilitation.

Objectives This study aimed to examine the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship of early maladaptive schemas with spouse abuse. Methods In this descriptive-correlational study, 324 married adults (226 females, 98 males) living in Tehran, Iran in 2017 were selected using a convenience sampling technique. They completed the revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-2), the Young Scale Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) in AMOS software. Results The results of SEM showed a direct significant path from early maladaptive schemas to cognitive emotional regulation, and from cognitive emotional regulation to spouse abuse. There were also significant indirect paths from the first, second, and third domains of early maladaptive schemas to spouse abuse mediated by negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies with a path coefficients of 0. 13, 0. 16, and 0. 13, respectively. The final structural model was a good-fitting model (X2/dF=1. 595, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0. 045, Comparative Fit Index =0. 953). Conclusion The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and spouse abuse is not linear,it is mediated by cognitive emotion regulation.

Cultural psychiatry is one of the relatively new trends in psychiatry that has received much attention today. During the last century, many Iranian psychiatrists have taken steps to introduce various aspects of cultural psychiatry from the field of epidemiology to the cultural conceptualization of psychiatric disorders. This narrative review article tries to refer to the history of contemporary cultural psychiatry and the efforts have been made in this field by Iranian psychiatrists between 1936 and 2019. It seems that the introduction of these efforts as educational resources to residents and students can help to further explain and develop this area and a deeper understanding of psychiatric disorders. However, there are still shortcomings in documenting, compiling, and integrating these services, which require special attention from researchers in this field.

On July 7, 2020, a bus in Anshun, China crashed into the Hongshan reservoir leaving 21 dead and 15 injured [1]. The sudden acceleration towards the lake was a deliberate crime where driver Zhang Mogang was solely responsible [2]. The police investigation ascertained major 4D motives—, Divorce, Dissatisfaction of life, Demolition of the house, and Drinking—, of Zhang for committing a notorious crime [3]. Following his divorce, the 52-year-old rented a stateowned house, which was included in a renovation program. The program: “, Regulations on Expropriation and Compensation of Houses on State-owned Land, ”,outlined in 2016, compensated Zhang 72, 542. 94 Chinese Yuan for displacement in June,though, Zhang denied receiving it. On July 7, 2020, 8: 30 in the morning, he discovered his house was to be demolished,he had nowhere else to live. The divorce, demolition, and impending homelessness brought extreme dissatisfaction for Zhang. Before the rampage, Zhang bought alcohol, consuming it at work. These antecedents’,culmination ensued tragedy...