Geography (Regional Planning)
Year:2012 | Volume:2 | Issue:2|Papers Count:14

With the advent of Islamic religion and inviting people to pray the Most High God by the messenger of God, a new religion crystalized which determined prays and duties for its followers. Praying is one of the duties and prays of this true religion which at first it is performed in every clean (sacred) places except kibleh, by making a sign towards kibleh, because worshipers didn’t need any worships facilities. By forming Islamic goverment in medina and constructing prophets’ mosque (masjed–al-nabi) in this city, a covered place has been constructed for holding this custom and also for protecting prayers agaist atmospheric (climatical) factors. This place, during next years, was formed in other sides of the mosques. But the kiblehs porch with more depth–and therefore the sanctuarial pattern of the early mosques was completed through the impression from the first praying place which in this writing we are going to explain the way of formation and its impression on the pattern of next mosques and differents and resembles between mosques with churches and synagogs.

Unofficial settlement is considered as one of the problems of the great cities throughout the world, So that 20-30% of population of some of the big cities of the country and the world live in the borders Unofficial settlement is the result of the great Increase of the population and migration especially rural -urban migration, because cities were not able to provide a suitable house for this ever-increasing population. Bue to the rapid increase of the population and vast migration in recent decades, kerman was not able to provide suitable conditions for the settlement of some part of the population. So those who migrated to kerman, had to live in the borders the city and because of the lack of the required standard for the reception of the population, a phenomenon called Unofficial settlement was made in the border of the city. Studying these regions and districts is significant, because it challenge the city. To do so, the district of industrial city in kerman selected for investigation, and economic, social and cultural factor that resulted in the phenomenon of settling in the border in the district, were studied. In this paper, we are going to recognize the way of formation of this phenomenon and factors affeltion it and analyze the stress of urban management in the decrease of its harmful effect. Resaren method in this paper is field method, required data obtained by a questionnaire and were analyzed in spss Software and its result were entracted and finally some guidelines were offered for the decrease of the harmful effect of settling in border.

Geography is a science and an extensive discussion of the various aspects of this important branch of science in geography at the border. Suggests that the separation factor and the other is a unit composed of political units. or the war in Yugoslavia and the events in Sudan and the international system have undergone a major transformation and change in global power is emerging. Believers and some analysts believe it will change the borders and create a world without borders and can be experienced، is always securing the borders and not only provides a state and territory also has a major role in relations between the countries. This paper, based on the methodology specified political units, geopolitical issues and the information collected documents, studies and comparative analysis of concepts and experience a change in the functioning of the border is not done.

Our cities experienced identity crises due to the ignorance of the native urbanism and it becomes worse by the course of time. In urbanism, urban symbol or urban element are important structures in architecture and design which are conceptualized inside the city in the sphere of convectional experience among the citizens; so that sometimes are more manifested that the city itself. Because they indicate identity, prestige and the assets of a city by the structures and play important role in the reading of people about city and their living environment. In this study a field research was conducted to collect that data via questionnaire completion and provide a general reading of the place. Also the research exploited secondary sources to develop conceptual context of the subject. The results revealed urban symbols are the main elements of urban identity which Gonbad kavoos tower is the central focal of the city. At present there is not any new effort to create new element as symbol of the city and it seems that even the only tower of the city has not been introduced to national and international market as the tallest brick tower of the world.

Locating leisure places is one of the main functional actions in urban areas. These functional actions include a series of actions that a person do desirably for resting, entertaining, expanding information, educating, and participating freely when there are no personal and social commitments. Marvdasht is one of those cities which its leisure places are not distributed appropriately because of the lack of proper urban management. Therefore, the aim of this study was to introduce suitable models of appropriate distribution of places for free times. This study also attempted to use GIS software to determine proper places for free times. This study which was a descriptive, analytical, and applied study used athletics, documents, and libraries to gather data. The result of the study revealed that leisure places were not distributed suitably in urban areas.

The present study is an attempt for assessment te efficiency of some of current indicators of sample regional and famous in the kahurestan zone, these indicators consist of: standardized precipitation indicators (SPI), decline (DI) and the percentage of normal precipitation. These indicators studied over a period of statistical 25 years on 5 meterology station in the kahurestan zone and its neighbor. Also needful diagrams designed by statistical software of Excel. The outcome results of hypothesizes test showed that PNI and DI indicators against by occurrence year of rainfall minimum, occurrence of sever and showed as very severe drought wellas in all of under study stations and have better efficiency rather than SPI indicator of aspect of very severe drought showing. evry three indicators comformed with together to show rainy year (1371 and 1374). In this zone, SPI indicators doesn’t show sufficient reaction in shortage of downfalls in yearly scale and it needs to precipitation daily data but it notifies start of drought and its terms if two other indicators. In this base in selection of the best indicator for fit area and analysis of drought situation over the years of one statistical term in this zone, PNI and DI indicator lie in first place and SPI insecend place.

Establishing a region free of nuclear weapons in central Asia and Caucasus is one of the concepts developed for making this area non-nuclear and its goal is not only to establish solidarity and develop security in the region but spread and promote peace and security in the world. The existence of atomic and non-atomic challenges in the region such as being in the proximity of two atomic powers, i.e. China and Russia, and two countries that possess atomic bombs (India and Pakistan), environmental problems existing since the soviet union times, terrorism, geopolitical importance of the area, and the presence of trans-regional forces, have all made this region one of the most important areas in the world especially during the last decade. On the other hand, central Asia due its good potential, is going to use these capaabilities (energy and Transit) and by establishing security to prepare the grounds for attraction of foreign investment. This action not only reduces economic, internal and external problems of the member countries, but also due to mosaic nature of the relations of the region’s nation and cultures it can be a crucial factor in direction of national consensus and solidarity and reduction of the existing problems. Therefore, creating a region free of atomic weapons in this region can be a logical solution to these challenges. The present study is an attempt to consider not only the historical and geopolitical motivations for creating peaceful conditions in central Asia but also the reasons and factors involved and the obstacles constraining this effort.

Rural settlements as a Cultural landscape result of interaction between humans and the environment during the processes affected by external factors and forces changes have in their own spatial-physical context, which create problems and inadequacies of the environmental and living in these villages has continued. Dhyary a public entity and rural non-governmental, which is responsible for task management and the three aspects of social, economic and environmental - physical duties is that the peripheral functions- licensing its structural foundation for buildings and housing in collaboration with conductor and recommendations for project preparation is necessary. Rural tissues containing useful information for assessing influence formation process of natural development of the rural fabric of different environmental & climatic factors, economic, social and cultural are that many villages in the country are also present and continuing. One of the most important objectives of this study is that Dhyaran function and its role in the transformation of rural settlements into consideration. Method of this study in terms of goal is functional and method is descriptive-analytical, that field methods for collecting data and evidence taken and help upon the population size (1287households), households under questioning in sample size formula based on Cochrane is designated 238 household. Research findings indicate that Dhyaran cooperation in preparing and conducting projects in rural and popular participation in implementing this project better, play an important role in the development of rural housing schemes being implemented in rural areas have been conducting. Therefore it is necessary with respect to financial support and job training, rural Dhyaran as managers do their jobs better and help.

In discussions is related to architectural climate, the harmony of building with climatic conditions of any zone is noticeable that it causes further comfort for man and economizing at needful energy consumption for control environmental conditions in building. The choice of establishment direction for building is depend on factors such as the natural situation of ground, the need for private spaces, the control and lessening of noise and two factor, wind and sunshine too. No doubt the utilizing architectural principles and structure design and the establishment of building in appropriate direction, help to descending harms and optimum use of sunshine and favorite winds.In this research, the factors of sunshine and wind have been studied for the recognition of appropriate direction for building establishment. At the start, by the help schematic method is studied the various directions of building with a view to received radiation amounts and then it depicted windroses of design zone. The results displayed that the best direction for building establishment with the view of receiving of sunshine in cold terms and optimum use of wind in warm terms of year is directions of south, -165 and -150 degree in the city of Gorgan.

Thus statical data is fundamental in Khouzestan province for 20 years (1989-2000). In this paper, standard rain index (SIP) in short time scales (for 3, 6 months) and long time (for 12, 24, 48 months)are selected and analyzed by considering benefits of regional analysis, producing time relation among drought event in different area of arena and applying GIS software, IDW finding-average method and statical characteristics of monthly rain. Then in 1990 and 1989 years except for dry years there are the harshest drought of the province at 48, 24, scales which is occurred more in southern and central area in terms of frequency of occurring mean and minor drought in the province level. It is more than frequency of harshness or more harshness drought. But harshness and more harshness drought has more harshness and shorter time than minor and mean drought.

Regional planning as an effort to eliminate the imbalance in geographical space can be done and the product of it is a balance of activity and population. In this paper firstly has been review the primate city and metropolitan area network and has been investigated the effects of planning before and after revolution on the organize the population. And its role in shaping the city networks in Iran has been analyzed. This article method is describes–analytical. That firstly based on documentary studies has been gathered the most important resources associated with the network of urban and regional planning in Iran. Then, based on obtained information has been data analyzed. And results are presented in the form of data analysis. The research results indicate a profound impact of regional planning in balance and harmony of urban network and population in Iran.

Considering social capital as an index of sustainable development, we can resolve many society needs and human relations with its grace and pave the way for sustainable development. Also, in regard of sustainable development for human being, the human needs and relations are noted as social capital. The aim of this article is the analysis of social capital’s role on rural development. The methods used are predicative and survival and the data collection techniques are questionnaire and taking notes. The study of qualitative and quantitative with the help of Pearson’s test showed that there was a significant relationship between social participation, social coherence, social confidence and altogether social capital and rural development.The research results showed that planning toward increasing social capital’s dimensions, raising the level of social participation, confidence and coherence among villagers would result in level increase of public awakening and learning, health improvement, poverty decrease, increase of economical occasions and sanitation of environment and pave the way for rural development.

Islamic Iran in southwest Asia and the continent is located in the territory of the northern hemisphere desert belt and caused the same position, a wide section of our country to be affected by dry climate and Iran will face water shortages. In particular, the central hole of 50 mm of rain falling annually with the Lut Desert, living conditions in the desert margin areas, has been very overwhelming. Southern and central parts of the desert fringes of Iran including Kashan, are faced with a severe lack of rain and every day, especially water, underground water sources decrease. The average annual rainfall of 116 mm and evapotranspiration are high in Kashan and on the other hand, Iran is among about 25 million hectares of saline soils classification also covers the area of Kashan, Kashan area of soil salinity and drying conditions and uncontrolled digging of deep wells and subjected to semi-deep fresh water resources has become a passion. Of about eight hundred years BC, the Persians, using technology and expertise subterranean excavation of underground water have been the best and highest interest. So, there are many canals in the plains of Kashan is also due to drought and repeated desert winds and earthquakes, most of them have been eliminated. Of the aqueduct in 1360 to 62 majors and 46 majors in recent years have been passing the warning for planners are the old town and the desert. He, along with water, of fountains and springs of Sulaymaniyah Sarjvrh Nabr the Fin and the fountains of the great and small, the stability of Kashan in a rough and tough nature is. However, the past few years to drought and lack of proper utilization of water, which is dry most of the aqueduct. History of severe physical stress conditions, were at risk of severe water crisis that is faced can be addressed in this paper.

There are several different figures in the area and along the borders with Iran. Accordingly, based on the geographical forces mission and goals of your organization،With the aim of preventing any disagreements relative consensus in the scientific literature and research and development، for the first time to determine the area and along the borders. Data. Iran's neighboring countries, with precise geometric patterns, software and international standards. 1:50000 maps cover the country in this direction were measured and calculated over the borders and the environment، Our country's borders with neighboring countries and were calculated separately and in most cases based on surveying the land and water borders between border signs with neighboring countries And obtained islands and waters of the total land area of 1,873,959 km figure. While the borders and boundaries separate land, water and marine calculated separately and neighboring countries and the figure for 8574 km along the borders. The water area of the first countries to separate domestic water, and land. And calculate the total area of the country was also applied.