Journal of Community Development (Rural and Urban)
Year:2017 | Volume:9 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:7

Currently, one of the rural housing patterns in Anberabad is Copernicus. This kind of housing has been the result of years and perhaps centuries of cultural preservation. Which is built and exploited by exploiting local resources and native technology. The characteristics of this type of housing, its adaptation is primarily with the climate and in the second with the type of economy dominant in the region. Today, with the changes in rural housing and the creation of new ones, the recognition and understanding of rural housing, in accordance with the diverse cultural environment and cultural needs of its inhabitants, for both developmental and short-term planning, is of particular importance to Have you To this end, a study in this area as a native sample of this type of housing, which is still popular in many villages in the north-eastern part of Iran, is still ongoing and is the result of this study.

Development is a process of increasing the range of choices including new ones. The ultimate goal all human actions is Freedom. Actions in order to increase control of managing life, authority, power of bargaining power and expansion of human choices. Empowerment is an associated concept with the authority and ability of individuals to gain more control over their lives. So the question arises is that “ If the ultimate goal is human freedom and the realization of the "man without a guardian and protector", what causes and obstacles can limit the flourishing of human potentials and abilities in this way? Or how the empowerment process can help to realize human freedom? The theoretical structure of the paper is mostly based on theoretical perspectives of Immanuel Kant and Amartya Sen about freedom and empowerment which have been developed. Sen believes Freedom as the central point in the process of development. “ Man” at the Sen‘ s points of view are both means and ends to achieve social gains. Man is understood as realization of Highest Good in more subjective approach and from the higher level of abstraction by Kant. He believes freedom is founded upon the possibility of realizing the good, or “ an Excellence of Moral Development” . Kant understood man with a special characteristic named autonomy. He believed to be autonomous does not just involve ruling oneself, but involves giving law for a possible Community or Realm of ends, which involves the idea than in autonomous law-giving, one is giving law both for oneself and for others. Subsequently institutions are important in to this theoretical points of view because institutions are the manifestation of collective action. Such a change in human kind means booming subjective and objective abilities makes possibility of change in to the belief systems of man which is established and continued by Institutions as Collective Actions.

The local, its social and human environments, especially at the family level, have provided a ground for many problems and problems in the city of Tehran. Discussion of the vulnerability of the local, especially in terms of the drug use, is one of the mental and mental challenges of people in some of the city's central locals, according to the descriptive statistics of this study, more than 70% of the participants in the central locals Tehran with local vulnerabilities are based on family, peers, and attitudes toward to drug use, so this has shaped the main goals of the research. In this research, 460 people were selected as a research sample based on quantitative method and using parametric statistics, multiple regression and path analysis. The research findings show that based on some regression models, the model is well compatible with the data and independent variables predict 0. 579 percent of the probability of vulnerability in the variance range. The standardized coefficients of beta (Beta) for family monitoring (0. 068) and substance use in the family (0. 004-) are not significant and the conflict with coefficient beta 0. 376 family has the highest lexical ability coefficient in the eligible area, and then the variable of vision the drug use with a beta of 0. 222 and deviant peers with a beta of 0. 178 is the lowest definition of power among sample individuals. According to the results of the research, the independent variable explains well the variation in the dependent variable (vulnerability zone) in the research model.

Disorder is one of serious injuries in Iranian society especially in urban space. it is influenced by different factors. But social bonding has key role in social behavior. The weakness of social bonding or erosion of social capital brings disorder in tow dimension of physical and social. But erosion of social capital is named as Weak Intergroup objective and subjective relations in society can issue disorder. So this research explains effective factors on disorder with emphasis on erosion of social capital. The method is survey and the data is collected by questionnaire from a sample of size 400 people in Tehran. Method of sampling is Multi-stage sampling. The result represent that total disorder among Tehranian citizens is medium. in tow variables analysis, there is significant and positive relations between all independent variables with dis order. Also, subjective indicators of erosion of social capital (social distrust, weak subjective participation, anomy feeling) could explain 24% of disorder variance and objective indicators (weak formal and informal relations, weak social control) 19% too. Generally, erosion of social capital (subjective and objective) could explain %42 of disorder variable variance (physical and social). effect of every tow dimension were positive.

Every human wants to accomplish all of its’ expectations but the gap between people’ s expectations and their attitudes toward the possibility of accomplishment of them make the feeling of relative deprivation. This article seeks to examine the feeling of relative deprivation among Tehranian youth. In order to achieve this goals the conceptual framework was arranged and the hypotheses were raised. Survey method was used and descriptive & inferential statistics applied to analyze data. The number of samples (400) selected from the youth of developed and undeveloped regions(3, 15) of Tehran and the cluster sampling was used. The findings demonstrated the feeling of relative deprivation among 15 region youth was more than 3 region youth and economic & cultural capital among 3 region youth was more than 15 region youth. Moreover, the power values were dominate among 15 region youth and welfare & power values were dominate among 3region youth. The people with high economical & cultural capital have low relative deprivation. The main reference group of 3 and 15 regions youth was their friends. the output of regression showed economic capital and reference groups are more important than cultural capital in determining the variation of feeling of relative deprivation.

Choosing the right tool to implement is one of the most important steps in the success of public policies and policies. Accordingly, if there is a successful model in the implementation, there can undoubtedly be a flourishing and comprehensive development. Therefore, the present study aims to provide a theoretical framework and a paradigmatic model of personal constructs of professors and experts in the field of rural cooperatives in the country, seeking to present the theory of indigenous peoples in theory. A sample of 20 faculty members and experts in rural cooperative policy are interviewed. The results show that the theoretical framework of this research suggests that the experts and experts of rural cooperative policy of the country have great potential and potential for explaining successful implementation of rural cooperative policies in line with resilient economy. For them, "successful implementation of rural cooperatives policy in The platform for forecasting implementation tools and culture by engaging public stakeholders and executives, while sharing them in a comprehensive partnership with strategies such as economic optimization and the development of converging rural resources, is to develop rural cooperatives based on indigenous capacity and self-sufficiency. And the level of determining the successful implementation of rural cooperative policies in line with the resistance economy depends on factors such as; instrumental forecasting in implementation, culture, native capability, active participation, justification of public interest, self-reliance, positive feedback, rural economy optimization, Resource development, alignment of public and individual interests, rural development and self-sufficiency.

Today, we are facing the issue of “ rural-urban migration” and this research mainly focuses on the causes and factors of rural-urban migration among young people and the role of rural attractions and repulsions. This research mainly examines the causes and factors of rural-urban migration among young people and the role of rural attractions and repulsions. Using multistage cluster sampling and survey method, young people aged 15-30 years in the villages of the two cities of Hashtrud and Osku were studied and 769 questionnaires were filled by them. The results of this study indicated that the youth of the studied villages had different reasons for leaving their villages and migrating to cities. The most important reasons were finding good jobs, lack of infrastructure, sanitation and welfare facilities and insufficient income in the village. The most important attractions of urban life were access to more welfare facilities, easy access to employment opportunities, realization of dreams, and access to educational facilities. In the study of rural push, it was found out that lack of adequate infrastructure and welfare facilities, unemployment and lack of proper jobs, lack of educational, cultural and recreational facilities, lack of adequate income and unsuitable economic conditions were among the most important rural push. Multivariate regression analysis showed that unemployment (rural repulsion), lack of income (rural repulsion), lack of educational facilities (rural repulsion), lack of amenities (rural repulsion), relaxation and comfort of life (city attraction), employment status (being unemployed) and college education increase the desire for migration while the variables of meeting the needs and satisfaction with rural facilities reduce the tendency to immigrate.