Journal of Community Development (Rural and Urban)
Year:2015 | Volume:6 | Issue:2 (11)|Papers Count:8

In general cash subsidy was paid to all of the Iranian people, consist of rural and urban people, young, adult, female and man, but the experience of the cash subsidy is different and it may be realized as positive or negative in view of households. This study aims to explore the villager's lived experience that was received cash subsidy, and the implications of it in their daily lives. This study has conducted based on the hermeneutic approach and has analyzed the impact of subsidies in rural's lived experience. Community of this review is the people of Ahangar Mahalleh and Gharnabad Villages in Gorgan Province. The number of participants in the interview was 35 who were chosen based on purposive sampling. In this study Bourdieu's, Simmel's and Blumer's theories has been used and also concepts have been derived from cash-translate experiences in other countries as framework for organizing the information. The essence of "the family", "social capital loss", "consume" and "living" conducted from individual and group interviews.

Total fertility has declined in Iran in recent decades. Reduced fertility occurred in rural areas after urban areas with an interval. However, they have different fertility levels. The aim of the present study is to investigate the differences between rural and urban ideal fertility and its determinants. Target population consists men and women who attended selected health centers for the pre-marriage medical test. The research method is survey and a sample of 400 individuals are interviewed. Results showed that maternal education level has a significant effect on ideal fertility in urban areas. The results also suggest that the respondent's education level, mother's education level, employment status and family income have significant effect on the size of the ideal fertility among the villagers. Finally, the used model explaine about 32% of the variance of ideal fertility among villagers. The findings also showed that socio-economic context of rural and urban residents are different. So, residents of the village in the face with the wrong population programs are more vulnerable. The villagers demand special attention in population policy.

One of the most obvious causes of deviant behaviors is considered deficiencies and material weaknesses in the economy. As a result, the degree of spiritual and cultural factors are neglected. In this paper, the relation between the most important component of the "culture of poverty" (as a concept has been developed in the literature) and behavior of marginalized urban women are examined. The study sample included 383 women, including victims. Through a questionnaire, information about them has collected. Based on the findings, "addiction", "suicide", "theft" and "prostitution" in order of priority, are the frequent in the studied area. There have been a number of attributes in theory of poverty among victim women and families. In fact, the attitudes and behavior of the so-called culture of poverty include disciplinary, commitment and total avoidance of women have led them to certain injury. In clearer words, poverty is affected by cultural factors, including economic chaos, social apathy, family chaos and despair.

This paper is to explore the ways of acquiring sustainable funds for Dehyaries according to villages' local capacities, studying their strengths and weaknesses, and planning for sustainable local income for them, and do it in the light of asset based approach and it's social and economic elements such as social capital, participation and down-to-up management method. We chose SalimAbad (a village in Farahan city, Markazi province) as case study and analyzed legal, institutional, socio-cultural and economic factors as dimensions of creating sustainable income. We obtained data from direct observations. depth interviews, group interviews and documentary study techniques, from 30 householders between 26-65 years and analyzed them with SWOT (analysis of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats). Results indicate that Dehyari current income is not sustainable and even sometimes prevent rural sustainability and development, because is not repeatable and can't guarantee the participation and activation of social capital.

In this research, the focus is on the impact assessment of markets frontier on quality of life frontiers rural living in Marivan city in Kurdstan province. The central question in this research, frontier markets is: what dose effect on the quality of life of frontier rurals? Also considering the experience background and theoretical literature, four aspect of the quality of life (economic, social, cultural and psychological) have been worked with. Research method is miature of quantative method (survey) and qualitative (individual and group interview). Sample content includes 304 people from near and remote villages. Also with 10 subjects to complete the sample, the depth individual interviews were conducted. The results indicate that when the quality of life is evaluated with different catigories of aspects including housing, income, interrelationships and cultural values, interpersonal trust, social partnership and well-bing, markets have different effects on the life of the frontiers rural. As a result, the interviews indicate that in these circumstances on unequally only certain groups of rural frontiers (city dwellers and tradesmen or load oners) use the advantages of building markets, so appropriate atmosphere for increasing the villages attendance in market activities should be provided.

According to experts, achieve sustainable development without the participation of all residents in rural areas is impossible. Nevertheless, various social and cultural factors prevent the participation of villagers in the area of social. At this time, social empowerment of rural citizens, through the development of tourism in the region, could be considered as the basic element in the improvement of interactions and social communication residents. The purpose of this research is the study of rural tourism in the social empowerment of the Ziarat village's residents from Bavanat city in the province of functions. The nature of this research is practical and it's method is analytic-descriptive and from survey type. Residents of Deh Ziarat (as the village with tourism activities) and the Deh Chenarouyeh (as the village without tourism activities) were the population of this survey. Static sample of this survey is designated through Cochran formula and for 300 persons (150 persons from Deh Ziarat and 150 persons from Deh Chenarouyeh. Needed data preparation is based on field method and data collection has performed by questionnaires. Analysis of data collected has done through software packages of SPSS. The result of these surveys shows that tourism has an important role from social point in the empowerment of residents of Deh Ziarat. As the result of the independent T-Test between both groups shows that there is significant difference in solidarity and social cohesion, knowledge and social skills. social extroversion, social association and in social interaction between both villages.

Social capital is referred to the one aspect of the development that recently has been known and is based on trust, solidarity, cooperation mentality and participation. One of the main functions of the religion is its effect on relationships and interaction between people and groups. So the purpose of this study is investigation of relationship between religious beliefs and social capital in rural communities. The statistical society of this study is all habitants of villages of Ilkhchi town. The sample of this study included 446 subjects selected as cluster randomly. The main hypothesis of this study was existence relationship between religious beliefs and its components (morality, believes- rituals) with social capital of villages and its components (social trust, social solidarity, and social participation). The tool of this study was social capital questionnaire and Islamic religious believes test. Method of the study was descriptive correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis is used for data analysis. The findings showed that there is positive relationship between religious beliefs and social capital (P<0.05) as well as between components of religious beliefs and social capital. So, it can be concluded that religious believes can be a good predictor for social capital. Findings of this study can be used by rural development planners in order to codify an Islamic and native pattern in social developing of villages.

The importance of rural entrepreneurship and its role in the improvement and development of countries, particularly growing countries, has attracted more attention. Hence, the purpose of current theoretical and empirical study is to investigate the relationship between social participation and entrepreneurial spirit of rural women. Population is women resided in Shirvan village in the area of Borojerd city. Sample was 118 entrepreneur women selected by a convenience sampling plan. Questionnaire was self-administrated one that its reliability and validity were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and expert comments. To analyze data, Kendal correlation was employed. Results revealed that formal social participation is positively associated with entrepreneurial spirit (including dimensions of risk-taking and creativity). Furthermore, the study indicated that informal social participation (including dimensions of collaborative, welfare, religious) is positively related to entrepreneurial spirit (risk-taking and creativity). The study provides managerial implications for policy makers to enhance entrepreneurial spirit in the rural regions.