Journal of Community Development (Rural and Urban)
Year:2014 | Volume:6 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:7

This paper aims to study the impact of rural tourism on poverty reduction within the framework of sustainable livelihood approch using an ex-post-facto-comparative method. For this purpose, two villages of the township of Rey, including Galehnou and Glalin, were chosen to see the extent of the effect. These villages were geographically and locally similar, but differed from the point of view of tourist visitors quantity. It was assumed that tourism would positively and sustainably affect the villagers’ livelihoods. In this study, the approach of the British oversea department for development was used to define sustainable livelihood. According to this department, this concept refers to five economic, social, cultural, environmental and institutional dimensions. All data needed for the study were gathered by utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods. Statistical population in both villages was 274 households, of which 80 respondents were selected through random sampling to collect survey data. Likewise, 31 local informants in both villages were interviewed to gather qualitative data. The findings indicated that as compared to village Galin – which had attracted the least tourists, the majority of respondents in village Galehnou – which had attracted the highest tourists believed that tourism has positive effect on their sustainable subsistence. Moreover, most of socio-economic and individual variables in village Glaehnou were statistically and positively associated with the respondents’ attitudes towards the positive effect of tourism on sustainable livelihood. Amongst independent variables, asset and income were highly associated with the independent variable. The paper refuted cynical approach that tourism and its development bring about negative outcomes or negatives attitudes in rural areas, due to its socio economic side-effects.

This paper seeks to develop the concept of evolution in Iran after the Islamic Revolution. In Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory as well as discourse analysis as a research method was used to investigate the current conflict over the development of fixed meaning. Analysis of the post-revolutionary discourses indicate that the development discourse of articulation Slabs some floating around a central slab is made. Discourse of postrevolutionary attitude of the diversity and character development are quite violent conflict. The concept of undeniable character development after the Islamic Revolution, the violent conflict is Adjudicate the dispute so that the element has been developed. Conflict between development discourse after the Islamic Revolution showed that lean principles can not be mapped precisely and to develop the birth of a particular interpretation of the result. After the Islamic Revolution in the realm of identity are the ones formed are the ones that are quite characteristic of rejection and withdrawal.

A network of private-sector facilitators of rural tourism (called khushesar-e bumgardi or ecotourism clustering) has taken shape in Iran in recent years. Each of its members runs a rural lodge, hosts tourists according to local customs, and promotes local handicrafts and other local products with the participation of village residents. This article analyzes tourism development activities in the village of Garmeh (a highly successful example in the network) focusing on the facilitator’ s role, impacts of the activities, and social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Fieldwork for this article was carried out through observation, 41 semi-structured interviews with village residents/stakeholders, and participatory rural appraisal (for 12 groups) targeting a set of socio-cultural, economic, and environmental sustainability indicators. Based on its results, the development of tourism in Garmeh is found to have both sustainable and unsustainable characteristics in social, economic, and environmental terms. As a result of private-sector facilitation, the village has gained access to a relatively large tourism market. At the same time, local participation has a top-down nature and tourism development activities have certain monopoly aspects. There is overall local satisfaction with tourism development in Garmeh, although cultural differences as well as conflicts between tourism and local development priorities and among different village clans have also resulted in some level of dissatisfaction with the presence of tourists and activities of the facilitator.

Food and nutrition system of each ethnic group includes important cultural component and their ways of interaction with environment. Food is not merely a biological and metabolistic entity, but it relates to various aspects of human life including the culture. Color, taste, preparation methods, consumption and utilization tools, distribution way of food at different levels and aspects including social, customs, rituals of birthday, preparation, distribution, and gendered considerations in relation to food consumption and nutrition all show complexity of food systems in human societies and how food is by nature contextualized in the culture. In this view, the main objective of this study was to examine indigenous food and nutrition of Lak ethnic group living in rural and nomadic districts of Lorestan province. In particular, this study seeks to describe richly the socio-cultural aspects of indigenous food and nutrition system of Lak ethnic group with a focus on their social relationships in the community, gender-based division of labor in food system or foodways, food habits and cultural symbolism of food in the local culture of the community and how the environmental factors influence the food system and foodways of this ethnic group. To obtain the objective of the research, quantitative research methods including ethnographic methods (such as the ethnographic interviews, participant observation, and documentary studies) were used in this study. Throughout ethnographic research, the scholars took an open and amenable approach to emerging new questions to develop a deeper understanding and thick description of the subject through taking a iterative procedures in collecting or making and analyzing the data and field-notes. The results of this study indicate that there is a considerable diversity in producing, disseminating and consuming and intaking foods among Lak people living in rural and nomadic districts of Lorestan including in nutritional sources, nutritional rituals and mores, method of hunting and food gathering, food choices, way of purchasing food from the market and food intake. Foodways and food system of Lak people are intensely configured in their socio-cultural and environmental context, interlocking to their identity image, social relationships, kinship and family roots, gender relations, and their environmental lifestyles in the community and ecological characteristics of Lorestan.

Quality of Life is a concept that due to its role in social and mental health have been very important in recent years. Due to the fact that parental substance abuse impairs the quality of life of their children, Identifying issues that could endanger their health and quality of life is essential. The aim of the study was to assess the domains of quality of life in children of rural addicted parents in Ardebil. Method of this study was descriptive. The subjects were 100 of children of addicted parents completed a survey assessing quality of life by 26-question World Health Organization's quality of life questionnaire, in addition to demographic checklist. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and correlation. According to the results, in all domains of quality of life, daughters of addicted parents get better scores than their sons. The results showed that there are significant relations among all domains of quality of life and gender, Family size (thin or populous family), and the type of substance (light or heavy) used by parents (p<0. 01). Only 7 percent of children of addicted parents have high quality of life. 45 percent of them are in average and quality of life of 48 percent of them is low. The findings of this study inform us about impact of parental substance abuse on their offsprings' quality of lives. According to these findings, quality of life in children with addicted parents is lower than average. Psychological assessments and evaluations of children of addicts are recommended.

Demographic group of single girls in some rural areas of the country that has emerged due single are exposed to social exclusion. The present study investigated the process of creating social exclusion of rural girls in a single community, the current capacity and their implications for social exclusion. Study of qualitative research methods in rural and mountainous areas Chkvchhpsht Gnglhvah and in the city Rezvanshahr done. Participant observation and semi-structured interviews to collect data from individual and foundation theoretic approach is used to analyze the data. Glances and words ironic, humiliating and Trhmamyz others, spread rumors; feel discriminated against, dependency, shame, blame, loneliness, fear, anticipation, pain, physical illness, depression, worry about the future of women's issues. Isolation and withdrawal from others, poor social relationships with people outside the circle of family and relatives. Absence in order to participate in the community, working, learning and leisure skills is a consequence of the above situation.

Following the extension in research area and difficulty in different phenomena's research, new necessity in research is generated. So, in each project of research has used different methods. Mixed method has granted opportunity to researchers to mix different dates and results in scientific framework that exploited of different methods (qualitative and quantitative methods). In this way, researchers can access the best solution for different problems and recognizing them. In this article, three movement of methodology (qualitative and quantitative and mixed methods) are mentioned and is studied the advantages of mixed method in small scale projects. For example, rural development projects, specially rural tourism.