MAJLIS & RAHBORD
Year:2013 | Volume:20 | Issue:73|Papers Count:6

Enforcement of public policies is an important concern of most countries, especially developing countries. Weakness of horizontal policy management and lack of coordination in enforcing these policies are obstacles to achieving this purpose. The article emphasizes on the increasing role of horizontal coordination in Iran and other countries in the areas of accountability and good governance in government. Religious and national values, including consultation in matters, promotion of good and prevention of evil, and roles of justice and equity in Iranian Islamic society support this theory. Lacking a native Iranian-Islamic model of management and resistance of the state management system to fundamental changes are recognized as important obstacles to horizontal coordination. The article also emphasizes on coordination between policy-making bodies in the national level, including the executive, judiciary and legislature, in order to achieving horizontal coordination. Using administrative automation for making administrative systems transparent and attempting to operationalize morals and honesty and hard work based on religious values and national culture are suggested as strategies for strengthening horizontal coordination within state.

New questions have been raised after the Act of Enforcing General Principles of Article 44 of the Iranian Constitution and transference of mines to the private sector. The article collects data about the Spoils (Anfal) by a qualitative, analytical and descriptive method through searching in previous sources and resources and then reviews the topic on the basis of principles and rules of Islamic theology and jurisprudence and the Ijtihad method. The Spoils (Anfal) include things that humans have no roles in creating them. As the Spoils are among the pre-Islamic prescripts, and the legislator of Islam has accepted the customs of reasonable persons, their utilization is also based on reasonable methods. The Islamic ruling must, of course, design strategies through organizing Islamic policies on definition and utilization of the Spoils. There is very little consistency between positive laws and Imamite jurisprudence upon utilization of mines.

Chapter 9 of the Act of Amending Articles of the Act of the Fourth Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plan of Islamic Republic of Iran, which addresses competition facilitation and prohibition of monopoly, has designated the Competition Council as the highest regulatory body on functioning of economic actors and diverse markets to provide access to healthy competition and achieving high purposes of the Act through identifying anti-competitive practices and preventing monopolistic conducts. Functioning of the Competition Council indicates that the body has been faced with difficulties ever since its establishment in a way that prevent its optimal performance. Using field research, seminar sessions and expert dialogue with scholars and experts of competition and monopoly and with members of the Council, the article analyses its organizational and legal challenges as well as its challenges in relation to National Competition Center. The findings of the research show that although the current challenges of the Council must be seriously addressed, it is expected, due to independence and legal powers of the Council, to witness access to healthy competition in Iranian markets and achieving sustainable economic development after overcoming the challenges.

The main purpose of the article is to examine performance of the contrarian investing strategy, which is a new strategy in buying and selling stocks in Tehran Stock Exchange in a specific time frame. Momentum and contrarian investing strategies are two strategies used in stock markets. According to the contrarian investing strategy, stocks having successful performance in past (winner stocks) are sold and stocks having poor and unsuccessful performance (loser stocks) are bought. The article examines the possibility of increasing returns on investment and earning abnormal returns using the contrarian investing strategy and tests it on the basis of returns of portfolios in Tehran Stock Exchange. Statistical population of the research is the companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2005 to 2010 and its sampling method is screening. Hypotheses testing and data analysis are conducted by SPSS and t-test. The findings show that the average cumulative abnormal returns of winner portfolios are less than those of loser portfolios only in certain points of the mentioned time frames, which is not significant. Therefore, using the contrarian investing strategy in the mentioned time frame has not led to earning excess returns.

Stuxnet was addressed by experts in 2010 due to its functions and complexities. This malware was designed to target special computers in Iran. Although Stuxnet was released via the internet in the world, its destructive effects were limited to certain control systems targeted in Iran. Decoding this malware revealed that it had been designed and used as a weapon against Iran’s nuclear facilities to disrupt gas operation of centrifuges in the process of uranium enrichment. Due to purposes and effects of this malware, many compared it with an armed attack.

Providing reparation for harms resulting from disorders is one of the strategies and achievements of establishing and maintaining order. Through this, societies show that they do not leave alone the injured against abnormalities and norm-breakings and support them while preventing the harms as well as dealing with criminals. This is especially necessary when societies are faced with new and unknown threats and vulnerabilities to which they neither could be immune nor could hope to be properly supported in the case of reacting to them. The new-emerging cyber world has such a situation and has maybe made its users to experience and suffer its achievements and consequences more than any other new technology. Being immune to increasing cyber vulnerabilities and threats necessitates comprehensive and pervasive support, which its beginning is with the legislature. By enacting laws and provisions, providing diverse mechanisms and measures as well as determining rights and responsibilities related to this area, the legislature assures users in the cyber world that the society is accountable for their harms. To perform this national duty, the legislature must identify the scope of its work, threats and vulnerabilities facing with as well as the preventive and reactive measures against them, enact laws and provisions and notify them to law enforcement officials, and always be aware and updated. In this case, it can be hoped that not only cyber victims will be properly supported, but public order and security would not be violated by legal measures against cyber threats.