MAJLIS & RAHBORD
Year:2013 | Volume:20 | Issue:74|Papers Count:6

The article aims to present the experiences of the countries having a proper status in the ranking of the World Health Organization or their tariffs models have been frequently used in Iran. Delphi method and opinions of experts have been used for presenting a proper model and solutions. Data collection about Iran and other countries is based on library recourses until the end of 2011. Methods for determination of medical tariffs in these countries are affected by the financing system of the health sector. In countries with an integrative approach, the priority is given to the method of purchasing services, the professional associations are responsible for determination of medical tariffs, and the government has a regulatory role and final announcement of the tariffs. In countries with Beverage model, the focus is on the public sector and the tariffs are determined by receiving opinions of professional associations. In Bismarck model, the focus is on the sickness funds, which mostly purchase services. Regarding the current situation of Iran and based on the research findings, the structure, organization and management of medical tariffs require revising. In determination of medical tariffs, participation of all relevant groups and centrality of relative value units are suggested. Due to the geographical area of Iran and the significant difference in the consumer price index, especially in medical products, the regional approach should be the second priority. The research findings could be used for the structure of policymaking in the Supreme Council of Health Insurance.

Regarding pervasiveness of the supervision issue in public law, protection of public confidence to representatives, rule of law, and principle of equality of all citizens before the law, it is obvious that the members of the parliament must be supervised. The importance of methods for supervising the conduct of members of parliament and their roles in effectiveness of the professional supervision represents the necessity of the legislative consideration and necessitates introduction and analysis of the methods. The main question of the article is about methods for supervising the professional conduct of members of parliament. The leading countries in the field use regular and occasional declaration of interests, limiting representatives in reception of revenues from out of parliament as well as methods for nonfinancial supervision such as complaints against violations of code of conduct of representatives, control of interaction between representatives and lobbyists, and attention to status of representatives. Iranian legislature should use these methods with regard to the existing legal culture.

The article aims to examine the effects of various economic sectors on the household income with a social-accounting matrix approach. For this purpose, the SimSIP SAM software of the World Bank (2008) and the accounting matrix of Iranian Parliament Research Centre (2006) have been used. Based on total multipliers, the findings reveal the greatest effects for the construction and agriculture sectors on household income and the greatest effects for the sectors of crude oil, natural gas as well as water, electricity and gas on the company income. By total multiplier decomposition in the framework of structural path analysis, the findings reveal impacts of the agriculture sector through increasing mixed income of households.

Several factors in insurance contracts have led to a situation in which the interests of the insurance companies, as a party of the contract, are provided easily. Among these factors are the complex structure of insurance contract, its adhesive nature, and lack of adequate information and psychological problems in the insured. So using some legal strategies for correcting the unjust structure is inevitable. The law of insurance contracts, with an approach to protection of insurance consumers, is the most proper solution for restoring balance to insurance contracts. “The Principles of European Insurance Contract Law” may be one of the best examples, which could be adopted by other countries and covers a wide range of pre-contractual and contractual obligations of the parties. Using these principles in Iranian law of insurance contracts could guarantee numerous benefits for implementing commutative justice in insurance contracts. The article examines the most basic factors affecting contractual imbalance of insurance contracts and explains the principles of how to create balance and justice in these contracts.

Globalization in general and economic globalization in particular is an important issue in all countries. The process focuses more on the criteria of trading goods having strategic status, including energy carriers, especially crude oil which its inclusion in the World Trade Organization has made various issues. Since oil price is influenced by psychological factors and supply and demand, its inclusion in WTO affects directly and indirectly these factors. Supply and demand for crude oil could be directly affected by principles such as national behaviors and constraints. In addition, the General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade (GAT), the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) could direct engineering services companies to being competitive.

Policymaking is a sovereignty function of the government. Scientific findings of policymaking as a field of study lead us to the micro and macro activities of the government in various areas. Universities are among the areas which are important for their roles in human development and promotion of culture, sciences and technologies and must be considered in determining patterns of policymaking. Using improper patterns in policymaking in universities may divert them from achieving their goals and impose even more difficulties on the society. Using models and modeling is among the measures presented for better understanding of factors and variables of policymaking in universities. But their success and efficiency are questionable in the present situation. The article tries to examine present policies of universities for determining amount of their enjoying benefits of the existing models and presenting a proper model for them. The findings show that the Iranian Supreme Council of Cultural Revolution, as the legal authority of policymaking for high education, has used almost all models. But the article suggests an integrative model (a contingency approach) based on combination of five models, i.e., systemic, process, rational, incremental and institutional models. Regarding the inadequacies and limitations of using the models separately, it seems that the integrative model could be efficient.