THE HISTORY OF ISLAMIC CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
Year:2014 | Volume:4 | Issue:13|Papers Count:6

This paper has intended to introduce and study the Ways in Which Coins and Banknotes Were Usually Organized in the Museums of Iran and Compare them with the superior ways in the ground with an emphasis on the famous coin and banknote museums of the world. The study has performed as a survey research and descriptive. Studying relevant sources, particularly using open interview directly, by phone and by email, researchers have gathered information. Research society includes museums of coin and banknote of Iran and famous cases in other country of the world. In sum, 65 people of museum including 13 of Iran and 52 of other countries were interviewed.

Studying the part played by states and governments in supporting a religion or in establishing and spreading a culture or civilization is of importance. As is known, Sarbedaran State, one of the first Imami Shiite in Iran, regarding its type of religion, region, ideals and its motives for rising, is of such degree of importance that one may claim that establishing Safavid State and changing religion in Iran was originally rooted in cultural and religious changes taken place by it. This paper has intended to study the part of this state in supporting and spreading Shiite religion and Islamic civilization. As is understood by the paper, Sarbedaran State, with the measures in the fields of culture, knowledge, religious beliefs, the governor’s behavior in relation to people and political, economical and constructive affairs, has been of considerable role in establishing and strengthening Shiite religion and Islamic civilization in Iran.

The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah has been regarded as one of the most strategic decisions of the greatest Prophet in a very important and a turning point in the history of Islam. The fateful event has been focused on by historians and authors and analyzed from different aspects. In this explanatory study, with a quntito-qualitative approach and following the norm of' necessary agreement of religion and reason' and using scientific model of SWOT, the Prophet’s strategy has been studied. As has been explained in the paper, with regard to the scientific principles of Strategic management, the treaty of Hudaybiyyah as a strategic decision, has been in full harmony with scientific and the best choice in its place. The model of SWOT along with analyzing inner and outer conditions of Islamic community has scientifically shown strange consequences of the Treat in the development of Islam and Islamic community. Consequently, it has shown the degree of the greatest Prophet as the leader of Islamic society.

In addition to the political discourse of Shiite pure Imams being against that of Umayyid and abbasian, paying attention to the conditions ruling the age would be also of full necessity. For the effect of this element has been the cause for their opposite political actions during the history. In this paper, the effect of political conditions on Imam’s political position has been studied. It has been shown that, though Imam in appropriate to the political states of his age has taken the policy of dissimulation, taqiyyah, and avoided any activity for or against Abbasid, in some necessary cases and following his father and grandfathers opposed clearly or secretly. In this way, the opposition led to his prison and martyrdom.

The divergence of community and the government and, therefore, the Iranian opposition against Mongol’s culture, occurred as the result of their deeds during invasion and some decades disorders, with the establishment of Ilkhanate government ended and causes Iranians to converge with Mongols and to interact with the Ilkhanate. The interaction was a measured policy for moderating Mongol’s governmental deeds in relation to community, economy and for converging with Iranian elements. If such activities for supporting security and supporting Iranian and Islamic thought and culture are called "the discourse of control", this paper has intended to survey Tusi’s part in the discourse as well as the consequences of it.

Islamic government has met many ups and downs and what is common in Islamic countries today is owing to past state men. Studying the strategic plan of government from the time of the first Imam to Umayyid time, bring in mind a duality of government. Using political cleverness, as was meant by him, and exploiting murder of the third Caliph, Mu’aviyah turned to use a soft activity in order to examine the capability of the plan of the way, being gradually put in the position of the main one, and to affect the future of the government. This paper has intended to analyze Imam Ali`s way of knowing enemy and, in this way, prepare the ground for surveying the Umayyid’s plan of way. The method of the paper is analytic-descriptive and its main conclusion is clarifying their plan of way well-known as Umayyid Islam.