GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Year:2016 | Volume:5 | Issue:19|Papers Count:9

Introduction: Long-term climatic data are a prerequisite for hydro-meteorological studies and understanding of past climate. Iran is mostly located in semi-arid to arid climate zones, so information on the natural long-term variability of the hydroclimate is of great relevance for land use planning, agriculture, and water supply of a growing population…

Introduction: In recent years, regarding climate changes, the analysis of natural variability of climate at different time scales has attracted a lot of attention. While, the data series with short statistical period just shows a likelihood estimation of a few decades of climate variability, the data series with long period shows the fluctuations of several decades with statistical importance from climate variability with heterogeneous spatial pattern…

Introduction: Since precipitation and its changes in each geographical area and also east coasts of the Caspian Sea make changes in human life and human activities directly or indirectly, this study wants to determine synoptic and dynamic patterns during precipitations and also appoint the resource of extreme and widespread precipitations in east coasts of Caspian…

Introduction: Mass movements are among the most destructive natural disasters in mountainous areas which cause great damages of over millions of dollars to human beings' life and infrastructures across the world. Landslide, as a type of mass movement, is a complex process that occurs under the influence of internal and external parameters…

Introduction: Not only have clouds and precipitation (snow, rain and hail) made up an important part of the subsystem atmospheric phenomena of terrestrial climate, but are also considered as the main components of the water cycle. Aerosols play an important role in cloudiness and precipitation…

Introduction: Urmia is one of the important historical cities of Iran which in recent years has been associated with physical-spatial rapid expansion. One of the necessities of spatial planning of Urmia is controlling the rapid expansion of the city in marginal areas that are unbalanced fertile land and industrial and mineral soils are under construction and this problem has presented numerous hazards in the fields of economy and environment…

Introduction: One of the most important strategies for building low-carbon cities and increased environmental sustainability in cities is the development of low-carbon transport systems (Banister, 2008). Statistics shows that approximately 19% of energy consumption in the world and more than one fourth of carbon dioxide released in the world are due to transportation…

Introduction: East Azerbaijan province is one of disaster-prone provinces of the country and each year the occurrence of potential risks of atmospheric phenomena is not unexpected. However, the lack of sufficient information and knowledge of farmers in the field of risk management strategies in agricultural production process has multiplied the losses incurred to farmers…

Introduction: Wood is the long-term memory of the history of a tree which is records the environmental changes by anatomic and formic changes. denderocronology uses the trees as natural evidences or "silent witnesses" to reconstructing the past environmental characteristics…