Journal of Diabetes Nursing
Year:2022 | Volume:10 | Issue:1|Papers Count:5

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the most common and expensive endocrine diseases in the world. The age of onset in Iran is 10-15 years younger than the average age of onset in developed countries. Some measures have been adopted to identify the main risk factors and the national response to diabetes in numerous countries to prevent and control this disease. This study aimed to compare the main risk factors and national response to diabetes in selected countries. Materials and Methods: This comparative review study evaluated six countries, including Iran, India, China, Germany, Canada, and Somalia. Required information (i. e., demographic information, statistical information, main risk factors, and dimensions of the national response to diabetes) was obtained from official and credible databases and sites. Results: Based on the find, three factors, including obesity, overweight, and physical inactivity were identified as the main risk factors for diabetes in the selected countries. It was revealed that these countries have partially or fully implemented the national response to diabetes. Conclusion: The multifaceted nature of diabetes requires the provision of multi-dimensional solutions to reduce the burden of the disease via controlling the main risk factors. Lifestyle modification should not only be limited to education and promotion of nutrition and physical activity but also include modifications in methods, attitudes, and cultural, social, and economic values.

Introduction: Given the progression and high prevalence of diabetes in the world, some factors, such as self-efficacy and self-esteem, are among the important issues in disease management. The present study aimed to compare the effects of family-centered and patient-centered education on the self-efficacy and self-esteem of patients with type II diabetes. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 84 patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES) and Coopersmith self-esteem inventory were used for data collection. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups receiving family-centered or patient-centered education in seven 45-minute training sessions. One month after the end of the intervention, the questionnaires were completed and the data were analyzed using Chisquare, as well as paired and independent t-tests in SPSS software (version 20). Results: Participants did not differ significantly in mean self-efficacy and self-esteem scores before the intervention (P> 0. 05). After the intervention, although the mean score of these two variables had increased in both groups, the increase was significantly higher in the family-centered group, as compared to that in the patient-centered group (P<0. 001). Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, family-centered education is more effective than patient-centered education in the enhancement of self-efficacy and self-esteem of diabetic patients. In this regard, it is suggested that family-centered education be considered in other areas of diabetes.

Introduction: Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases. Controlling blood glucose is a major challenge in the life of a patient with diabetes. As a result, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between lifestyle, attitude towards illness, and fatigue with the regulation of blood glucose in patients with type II diabetes. Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional correlation one. The participants were patients with type II diabetes who were members of the Urmia Diabetes Association in 2021. A total of 208 people were selected by the available sampling method using Cochran’, s formula. Data collection tools were the Lifestyle Questionnaire (Lali et al., 2012), Attitude towards Illness Scale (Kellner, 1987), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (Smets et al., 1995), and fasting blood sugar test. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression with the simultaneous model were used to analyze data using SPSS software (version 22). Results: The results indicated that lifestyle has a negative significant relationship with fatigue (r=-0. 501). Also, attitude towards illness has a positive significant relationship with fatigue (r= 0. 274). Two variables of lifestyle and attitude towards illness significantly predict 27. 6% of changes in fatigue among patients with type II diabetes (P<0. 05). In addition, the three variables of lifestyle, attitude towards illness, and fatigue significantly predict 24. 1% of changes in the regulation of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes (P<0. 05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated the effective role of lifestyle and attitude towards illness in predicting fatigue and also the association of three variables of lifestyle, attitude towards illness, and fatigue in predicting blood glucose control was investigated in patients with type II diabetes. Therefore, health professionals control blood glucose levels in patients with type II diabetes by improving lifestyle, attitude towards illness, and fatigue.

Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic disease that can lead to severe complications and premature death. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the main micro vascular complications of diabetes. Given the importance of this important complication, this study aimed to review diabetic retinopathy in children and adolescents. Methods: This review article was performed using keywords including general updates of diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy screening, and retinopathy treatment in databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus Clinical Key, PubMed, Medline and CINHAL, SID from 2000 to 2021, and articles and results were reviewed. Results: Diabetic retinopathy has various risk factors depending on the age of onset or diagnosis of diabetes, the duration of the disease, and glycemic control. There are various guidelines for its screening. A recent UK guideline recommends annual screening for patients with diabetes aged 12 and more based on the low prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in younger children. Current treatments for diabetic retinopathy include macular photocoagulation (MPC), retinal peripheral photocoagulation (PRP), and drug therapy. Conclusion: As, diabetes is a major problem in the world which causes a series of long-term systemic complications, it is important to assess ophthalmologic manifestations of diabetic retinopathy in children with diabetes.