JOURNAL OF FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES (TABRIZ)
Year:2004 | Volume:47 | Issue:192|Papers Count:10

Khaje abul-hassan Ali-ibn hassan sirjani is one of the sufis"s greatmen in 5th century. He was kerman"s sheykh and has pharmacy and pious and a lot of disciples there and was congratulated from famous sufis, like abusaid abi-Ikhayr and khaje abdollah-ansari and Hujwiri. He who was travelled extensively, finally passed away in sirjan, and his tomb is mainted in the shrine place. Khaje Ali Hassan"s book, "bayaz and savad", that is remained in manuscripts infact is a classification of famous sufis spoken words till the end of 4th century that is arranged in 73 chapters and involved over the 3000 number of Sufis"s great men. One of the most important chapters of "bayaz and savad" is chapter of recognize sheykhs history that is involved of 78 person of sufis sheykhs that is distribute and introduced in turn of their geographical location and their Activatory place.

The anigma of life, its how and why, are one of the greatests questions that has always agitated man"s mind and most thinkers have decided to find an answer to this essential question. Hakim Omar Khayyam Nyshabouri believes that best solution is living at present since, in his opinion, when man has not so far been able to discover the how of the begining and end of life and creation and all the existing views in this regard have not been convincing for Khayyam, man should at least appreciate the time at his disposal now and do not let it be spent in vain. Considering this view toward life, most Khayyam"s quatrains center around this subject. this is sue and it is worth mentioning that this solution has had a special status, of course in different realizations, in the thoughts of great figures such as Imam Ali (PBUH) and a large ~umber of famous sophists such as Molavi. This article is meant to compare and analyze the ideas of the authorities on living at present focusing on Khayyam thought. It is worthy of mention that many sophists without paying enough attention to Khayyam"s intellectual basis and considering some of his quatrains which induce carpediem have their companies while there are so many differences between the basis of sophists" thought and that of Khayyam to which I will proceed.

The scenes that the master of shervan have depicted in his works could not be found in any other writings. A few of his depictions could be mentioned as follow: the scene of sky, sights of heavens, sun rise, shape of crescent, display of night, dawn, and twilight, new year,equinox and so on. It is for this reason that the complete works of Khaghani is perhaps unique not only among the Iranian works but also among the world literature. The pictures that Khaghani have put forward of the displaying of sun in different nuances of his poetry is unprecedented. It shows his artistic creativity and unparalleled power of imagination in depiction. This article looks into the various dimensions of Khaghani"s literary constructions in relation to the sun which is based on the poet"s imagination and inspiration.

One of the most difficult and complicated issues in studing Shahnameh is Ferdowsi"s source(s) and methods of usage. There is no doubt that the main source of Ferdowsi is Abumansouri"s Shahnameh. Whether this book is the only source that has been used in Ferdowsi"s poetry is the question that has been investigated in the first part of the present article. It can be concluded that the sources that Ferdowsi has used are various, for example, the use of the introduction of Abomansouri"s Shahnameh and Saalabi" s "Ghorar Akhbar Moluk ol Fors va Seyarahom." This indicated that Ferdowsi takes into consideration the issue of omission and selection of stories and changing the details of the narrations in the concept and limits of faithfulness while composing Shahnameh. In the end, also the ambiguousness and out of orderness of Daghighi"s poetry in Shahnameh has been put forward despite his source and Ferdowsi"s. Furthermore, among these three main parts, the following issues have been touched on: double face of Alexander, year and time of Ashkanian" s reign, Daghighi" s optional or shorn works, Daghighi"s entering time to Shahnameh, etc.

Hair is one of the words that has had many uses in literature, mysticism, and amourous poems. This term lacks any comprehensive definition in mystic and sufistic sources. However, Farsi - speaking poets have depited hair in a soft, exact, narrow and complete way. Hair has four main interpretations: 1. plentifunless in the world 2. almighty"s in the world 3. God"s beauty and attractiveness 4. God"s way and means of guidance

One of Sohrab Sepehri" s poems which has attracted the attention of many literary critics and scholars is the poem entitled "the Address", first published in the volume Hajm-e Sabz (Green Space). Two such critics are Reza Barahani and Syrus Shamissa who have offered critical readings of this poem in their books, entitled Tala dar Mes (Gold in Copper) and Naghde Shere Sohrab Sepehri (A Critical Reading of Sohrab Sepehri"s Poetry) respectively. The common denominator of these two critics" readings is that they draw on mystical concepts and terminology in order to decode the meaning of "The Address". The present essay adopts a different approach for reading this poem. In this approach, the meaning of the poem is sought first and foremost in the text itself and not in an exterior mystical context. As such, a brief exposition is given in the essay of the main ideas of the New Critics and then "The Address" is read formalistically by focusing on the concepts of contrast and tension in the structure of the poem. It is argued in this reading that "The Address" can be assumed to be an autonomous text and the figures of speech used in it may be analysed in the framework of its tense structure.

Story writing does not exclusively involve itself with the events of the world. A novel or romance is an appropriate means to see the world issues from a different angle, or it is an attempt to reconstruct the world. In french literature, Nathalie Sarraute is considered one of the forerunners of the new romance movement who puts forward questions about the world and the understanding of new concepts on . human"s behaviours and words during 1930 to 1940. in 1939.Sarraute published her Tropismes book to show her reaction to the human beings relations and their surroundings. In her book she depicts inability of modern civilisation humans by employing new novel writing techniques. Having opt for Nathalie Sarraute"s works, the writer of this article investingates the new approach of the writer of the Tropismes book to the world around her.

Samuel Beckett, as one of the celebrated literary men in the twentieth century, has fascinated a lot of commentators. Although his literary output is little, they heve been examined from various lenses. In this paper Endgame has been compared with Zen Buddhism. Having done this different principles of Zen, this paper will discuss in the first place; then, they are pursued in the dialogue, decoration, characterization, behaviour and the attitudes of the roles of the drama and eventually similar grounds are established between the two poles. Accordingly, one can name Beckett a gifted man who has been able to produce such a masterpiece. Though Endgame belongs to the realm of literature, the primary priciples of Zen are discernable in it. This, by itself, brings to light the fact that though Beckett is a Westerner and consequently under the weight of Western ideology, he has been also markedly attracted to Zen Buddhism.

Dans cet article, l"enjeu serait d"initier les lecteurs a un mouvement litteraire qui est apparu en occident et qui s"est donne le nom de L"OULIPO. Certes, ce mouvement est peu connu chez nous en Iran et le nombre d"articles consacre cl ce sujet n"est pas considerable. Cet article nous esquisse done les objectifs et les caracteristiques de L"OULIPO ainsi que les portraits des precurseurs et les fondateurs de ce mouvement sans oublier de nous donner des exemples precis.