POLITICAL KNOWLEDGE
Year:2022 | Volume:17 | Issue:2 (34)|Papers Count:12

The idea of this article is: the identify of power, specidy cultural power, has changed by emerging of New Media. The present study using descriptive-correlation method, analysis the effect of new media on the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research findings showed that there was a significant positive relationship (r = 0. 519) between new media and national culture at a significant level less than p <0. 05. As the new media (10%) explains the variance of national culture. There was also an inverse relationship between the media of religion and religious culture at a significant level less than p <0. 05 (r = 0. 119). As 9. 4% of the variance of religious culture is explained by new media, there is a significant positive relationship between national culture and soft power (r = 0. 775) and religious culture and soft power (r = 0. 924) at less than 05 There was / 0> p. While among some subscales of new media and national culture and religious culture, it has had a negative effect and in some other subscales it has had a positive effect on the level of culture of individuals.

According to some scholars, many countries today are looking to democracy as the best model of government. In this regard, scholars have cited various factors as influencing variables on the growth of democratic culture in countries. They believe that the most important factor in political development is social capital. This study examines that idea among the students of Isfahan Universities by survey method in the academic year 1398-99. The sample size of this study is 361 people that the necessary samples were obtained by multistage clustering method. The result show that both components of social capital (structural and cognitive dimensions) had a significant impact on the tendency for democracy and reinforced such a tendency among individual.

Iraq is a country that is part of the Arabian Middle East geopolitical region and on the other hand is one of the most heterogeneous ethnic and linguistic countries. The warlike actions of former Iraqi officials, the persistence of political instability, the emergence of favorable and reproductive contexts for extremist and extremist groups are among the issues that pose a challenge and threat to Iran's national security. However, post-Saddam Iraq should be considered the center of Shiite power and influence because powerful currents such as the supreme Shiite authority, Sadr and other Shiite political groups enjoy high influence in the Iraqi political process. To this end, Iran has largely maintained long-standing relationships with several pro-Shia political parties and with Shia militias. The political and religious interpretation of these relationships has often been established as a basis for the future strategy of Iraq in its post-war Iraq. In light of the above, the research questions are as follows: 1-What role did Iran play in the defeat of ISIS? 2-How has Tehran benefited from its long-standing relations with Iraqi political parties and militia groups? 3. What are the sources of Iranian power in Iraq and how do these resources help Iran to develop strategic partnership with Iraq? In response, it can be argued that Tehran has used various means of power to achieve its goals in Iraq, from its historical relations with Iraqi political parties and militias to its economic and religious ties with it. In this regard, the authors believe that due to the numerous means of Iranian influence in Iraq, their proper use and management have had positive and lasting gains for the achievement of Iran's objectives in Iraq, and despite some problems, the best, most legitimate and At the same time, the most sustainable form of supply has been the target. The purpose of this paper is to identify and identify the sources of Iranian power in Iraq for appropriate strategic management and to achieve results. It's defensive.

Due to strategic historical conditions, Iranian society has always been a gathering place for various tribal groups (sometimes confrontation and sometimes interaction). In fact, cultural heterogeneity is an integral feature of the land of Iran historically, and according to the geographical structure, ethnic groups (Turks, Baluchis, Arabs, Persians, Kurds, Lors, etc. ) have their own cultural beliefs, and this belief plays an important and decisive role. In social actions (electoral or non-electoral). Accordingly, the present study intends to examine the effect of tribal structure on citizens' electoral response. The method of the present study is quantitative meta-analysis using cma2 software. The statistical population of the study consists of 35 cases related to the research topic and indexed in the scientific databases of Jihad Daneshgahi, Normagz, journals and publications, which intentionally and non-randomly selected 23 documents as a final sample considering the methodological, theoretical and experimental validity. Were. The results show that high level tribal affiliation (0. 451), mass media consumption (0. 235), social capital (0. 314), socio-political awareness (0. 263), community elites (0. 342), ethnic-local identity (0. 215) At the intermediate level and level of education (0. 199), emotional action (0. 123), feeling of relative deprivation (0. 184) had a significant effect on electoral response and finally, the overall effect of the research was equal to 0. 195.

The emergence of new technologies has presented the technological revolutions to humanity. Wise policymaking to maximize the use of opportunities and minimize the threats posed by such technologies in the country, requires attention to the environment and the study of social conditions. The study of how Iranians face historical challenges with emerging technologies is an issue that helps to better explain the contextual conditions prevailing in society and has important lessons for policy making in this area. Using the comparative-historical approach and focusing on the teaching methods of policy, as well as the use of library and documentary resources, this study seeks to find out how Iranians face new technologies during the Pahlavi and Qajar eras. For this purpose, the economic, political and cultural conditions of the Qajar and Pahlavi eras have been explained by historical studies. While studying how governments, intellectual currents and religious currents face the emergence of new technologies in these conditions, elements have been extracted that have existed jointly during this period and also have implications for the country's current policy. Finally, by presenting a kind of classification, the elements are classified into three categories: governance policies, community contexts, and key actors, which outline the overall conditions of the country's emerging technology policy system and provide a more comprehensive view of policymakers.

management science, like other dimensions of the humanities, are based on the intellectual foundations and liberal ideology of the West, which sometimes do not fit the ideology of the ideological system of countries and this may not meet their needs. Obviously, the prescription and application of some models at the same time with the formation of the Islamic Revolution in accordance with the culture and politics of the revolution has been an important and necessary matter. This research, which is a basic research of descriptive-exploratory type, has been tried to use the method of "Foundation Data Theory Strategy" in the study of humanities and management, from the collection of statements of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution, causal factors and shaping "Islamic Revolution literacy". Managers should be presented in accordance with the research methodology and objectives. The research is aimed at identifying and introducing the concepts and categories that have emerged from within the data using the statements of His Holiness in full reading until saturation has been studied. From three types of open, axial and selective coding (conceptualization), 84 codes and concepts, 24 categories and 6 meta-categories called causal, axial, intervening, strategic, contextual and consequential variables were obtained. The causal and emerging variables of the literacy of the Islamic Revolution in the managers and officials of the system included revolutionary insight, prudence and thought, and role modeling, which was called "political knowledge".

During the last decade, various works have been published in the field of humanities regarding the Iranian Islamic model of progress. This article has tried to present the findings of these researches using the meta-synthesis method, coherent and comprehensive theories on what and why this model offer. And to answer the question that using the composition of the findings of the works written about the Iranian Islamic Model of Progress (IIMP), what theory can be presented to explain the IIMP? The findings of this study indicate that this model was formed in response to solving the problems of the political system of the IR. Iran and the root of the problem is the lack of theoretical coherence regarding the role of Iranian Islamic components in the development of Islamic anthropology. And accept the emphasis on the relationship between religion and development, in which "strengthening the Islamic political-jurisprudential reading", "efficient provincial jurisprudential democracy", "economic power", strengthening religious and national identity and "alignment with science and technology" are the main categories extracted from the findings. The abstract concept of these meta-categories can be considered as "coherent and theoretical plans for the promotion of national and international power of the Islamic Republic of Iran. " In fact, the model is a roadmap to move towards the promotion of national and international power of Islamic Iran, and although it does not seek to change the goals, ideals and an important part of the existing structures, but has a reformist approach and seeks to eliminate weaknesses and theoretical gaps.

In this article we have tried to study the different aspects of bilateral relations and the role of sanctions in these relations. In answer to the main question-what is the role and place of US unilateral sanctions against I. R. Iran in terms of international law,we have attempted to address the role of pressures on the I. R. Iran through unilateral US sanctions, using the theory of "offensive realism". The results suggest that: The United States and the European Union have used cooperative mechanisms in the world system to unilaterally impose sanctions on Iran, creating the conditions for a change in Iran's behavioral patterns to transition from UN Security Council sanctions and sanctions. Forced diplomacy is seen as part of US strategic reality to persuade and limit the Islamic Republic's strategic power. From the point of view of international law, although many of these tools have been used in pursuit of unilateral interests and hegemonic policies contrary to human rights law, sanctions policy is viewed as a countermeasure as well as a collective action by the United Nations Charter. The Security Council has relative legitimacy and, consequently, good performance.

Informal media today is an appropriate space for the realization, strengthening or weakening of collective wisdom in a society,The purpose of this study was to identify, categorize and model the position of informal media (social networks and messengers) in the formation of collective wisdom concepts in the Iranian presidential election event,The present study was applied in terms of purpose and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of data collection. In the qualitative part, semi-structured interviews (19 interviews) and theme analysis were used as a tool to explore concepts along with the study of background literature, and in the quantitative part, a sample of 277 doctoral graduates was used to design a study model. Findings were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 and LISREL version 8. 8. Finally, 11 concepts as components of collective wisdom and 10 concepts as components of threats and opportunities Informal media outlets reported on the formation of collective wisdom in the Iranian presidential election event,Criteria for spreading rumors with an impact factor (0. 61) The strongest threat of informal media, freedom of expression with an impact factor (0. 71) The strongest opportunity of these media in the formation of collective wisdom and collective rationality with an impact factor (0. 78) Had the highest impact on the formation of collective electoral wisdom.

Without knowing the new approach of Trump in the field of energy diplomacy, the maximum pressure campaign against Iran can't be explored. In an effort, Trump tried to transform energy diplomacy as an effective tool and exert possible maximum pressure to Iran. the present paper, with the descriptive-analytical method, the question of what role the energy diplomacy plays in the battle of maximum pressure of Trump to Iran is investigating the performance and behavior of Trump on the oil market. The main hypothesis of the is that the main root of the Trump pressure on Iran's oil market is ahead of the neo-mercantilist approach, in which prominent examples can be seen coming out of JCPOA and returning oil sanctions, the reordering geopolitics of oil imports, destabilizing oil prices and maximum production of shale oil with the aim of capturing traditional Iranian markets. This approach led to the fall in Iranian oil exports to at least possible due to an increase in American influence in determining the prices of international oil prices. Trump's most important move in his campaign against Iran should be oil exemptions. By doing so, Trump was able to bring in the major oil importers from Iran, especially India, while maintaining his sanctions regime. If Trump had suddenly banned these countries from importing Iranian oil, he would probably have faced resistance from national governments and seen his maximum pressure on Iran defeated. However, with the policy of gradual elimination from the market, Iran's oil exports to India, which was in third place after Saudi Arabia and Iraq, gradually approached zero. however such an approach alongside mismangemant in domstic iranian economy lead to wide and violent riots both in 2017 and 2019 year. this instabilities in viewpoint of Trump adminstration was the results of successful strategy of maximum pressure.

The present study seeks to answer the main question of what level of political equality will be necessary from the view of egalitarians to achieve a just situation in society. For this purpose, after explaining the components of political equality based on James Kelman's theory and designing a model of analysis based on the views of "Adam Swift" and "John Kekes", examine the role of political equality components in achieving justice from the perspective of egalitarians by descriptive-analytical method and the "retroductive" strategy. In order to achieve a fair situation through the realization of the components of political equality, which includes "equality of participation, distributive equality, legal equality and equality of opportunity", three levels of relations between political equality and justice can be categorized: minimal level, conventional level and radical level. The research findings of this paper show a model in which there is a direct relationship between the components of "equality of participation" and "legal equality" in the "situation of non-conflict of political equality with other values" to achieve justice. Regarding the component of "distributive equality", the status and relationship of this component with justice can be drawn only based on the determination of the principles of distribution and the amount of resources in "distributive justice theory". Finally, in the situation of "conflict of equality with other fundamental values", the component of "opportunity equality" can only be considered as a factor for the realization of justice if the level of equality does not hinder the individual rights of citizens and the overall efficiency of society.

These days, elections become a professional field for tough competitions between candidates. In this situation, much money and high level of social capital are not guarantees for winning elections, but rather focusing on scientific updated consequences about electioneering is the key to win. However a useful framework for campaigning can have a great effectiveness on voters with minimum error. In this research we tried to design a model for campaign management in two separate phases: first the leading dimensions of campaign management were identified with documentary studies and focus groups, then the main model was extracted by the ISM modelling technique. The consequences show that the most effective part in the campaign management process is recognizing people’, s needs. The next part is recognizing the competitors and also the competition field which the election course would be based on it. In the following, the election course will affect the political advertising management, managing different groups of voters’,behavior and also the campaign organizational structure. These parts and their interdependence can play a prominent role in the formal period of election advertising in different political systems.