International Journal of Health Studies
Year:2022 | Volume:8 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Background: Heart failure is a malignant and perilous disease as such palliative care is of great importance for patients suffering from this failure. One of the main components in offering specialized palliative care is to respect human rights and dignity. This study aimed to determine the effect of post-discharge telephone follow-up on the social dignity of heart failure patients. Methods: A randomized control trial study was used. 70 patients with heart failure referring to the cardiology ward of general Hospital were included. Patients were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, the patients had telephone followed-ups concerning medication, disease symptoms, daily activities, and their diet during one-month post-discharge (once a week). Social dignity of patients before and one month after the intervention was measured using the social dignity questionnaire. Results: In this study, patients were compared in experimental (aged 65±, 10. 6 years) and control (aged 67±, 13. 3 years) groups. According to the statistical tests, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of social dignity in the experimental and control groups (0. 8±, 0. 2 and 0. 06±, 0. 2) before and after the intervention (Pvalue<0. 001). Conclusions: Use of programmed post-discharge telephone follow-up to enhance social dignity of patients with heart failure, is suggested.

Background: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease associated with a gradual decline of bone density, as well as a characteristic reduction of bone rigidity and an increased risk of fractures. This study aimed to investigate the effects of four months of core stability training on the bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur neck and lower extremity muscles strength in postmenopausal women. Methods: This study was an interventional semi-experimental one designed with a pre-test/post-test approach. Overall, 30 postmenopausal women aged 48 to 58 years were purposefully selected and then randomly divided into two groups of core stability exercise (weight=70. 73±, 12. 57 Kg) and control (weight=77. 86±, 7. 19 Kg) groups. The participants of the core stability group performed the exercise protocol three times a week for four months. These exercises consisted of five levels, and based on the gradual progress principle, their intensity was gradually increased over the four months during the study. The participants of the control group did not perform any exercise during the study. The BMD of the dominant femur neck was measured by a Dexa device, and the flexor and external rotator strength of the hip was measured by a manual dynamometer. Data analysis was performed applying paired and independent-sample t-test in SPSS23 software. The significant level was set at 0. 05. Results: The results of paired samples t-test showed that the BMD of the femur neck significantly increased in the core stability group (Pvalue=0. 001) and significantly decreased in the control group (Pvalue=0. 045) at the post-test compared to the pre-test. Also in intragroup comparison, the flexor and external rotator strength of the hip significantly were increased in the core stability group (Pvalue=0. 001 and 0. 001, respectively). While there was not such a significant change in the control group. On the other hand, based on the results of the independent samples t-test, the femur neck BMD (Pvalue=0. 007) and the flexor and external rotator strength of the hip (Pvalue=0. 001 and 0. 001, respectively) significantly increased in the core stability compared to the control group. Conclusions: According to the results, it seems that core stability exercises can be suggested to postmenopausal women as an effective strategy for osteogenic bone behavior and reducing the risk of osteoporosis.

Background: Marriage preparation programs have shown significant positive effects, especially in teaching marriage skills and conflict resolution. Marital education can lead to marital satisfaction. Marital satisfaction has a great impact on the family and the physical and mental health of its members and is one of the most important and effective factors in maintaining a successful, healthy, and happy life. Methods: The research method used for this research was quasiexperimental, using a control group and a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population of this study included all couples who have passed between 6 months to 3 years since their marriage. The samples included 22 couples (44 participants) who were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Results: As the results of this study showed, the difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental and control groups for the marital satisfaction and the mean scores of the experimental group in the marital satisfaction was more than the control group(F=47. 71, P<0. 05). Therefore, the results indicated the effectiveness of premarital education of BLC on marital satisfaction in the experimental group. Conclusions: The BLC premarital education program can play an effective role in increasing couples 'satisfaction due to its comprehensive and multidimensional view of couples' relationships and providing a platform for building a secure bond.

Background: This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between maternal attachment style and early maladaptive schemas and the separation anxiety level of children aged 3 to 6 years in the city of Mashhad. Methods: The research sample consisted of 300 mothers with children aged 3 to 6 years who were selected from kindergartens in Mashhad (Iran) by random clustered sampling method. We used Hazan and Shaver’, s adult attachment questionnaire, young schemas questionnaire-short form, and the separation anxiety questionnaire (parents’,form) to collect the data. We also used the correlation coefficient and the path analysis model to examine and test the research hypotheses. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-20 and Amos 20 software. Results: The results showed that ambivalent and avoidant attachment styles are mediated by the emotional deprivation, abandonment, dependence, and social isolation schemas and predict separation anxiety. Conclusions: Therefore, among the early maladaptive schemas, emotional deprivation, abandonment, dependence, and social isolation play a mediating role concerning the attachment styles and separation anxiety, which can be used in the design of treatment plans.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of inhaling orange essential oil on self-confidence and anxiety, and comparing with relaxation method in female futsal players. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental one with pre and posttests. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female futsal teams in regional competitions, the youth category of the EastAzerbaijan province. Using available sampling, 3 teams that can reach that level were selected. Then, were randomly divided into 3 groups of relaxation, orange essential oil, and control. The intervention programs were held in 8 weeks (two sessions per week, and each session was 15 minutes). To assess, the competitive state anxiety questionnaire (CSAI-2) was used, and covariance method in SPSS software25 was used for analyzing the data. Results: Results showed that there are significant differences between experimental and control groups concerning cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety. According to the findings, this amount was more significant in the aromatherapy group. Also, results revealed a significant increase in confidence in aromatherapy and relaxation groups, so that no superiority was seen among the groups. This was while no significant difference was reported in any scale of the control group. Conclusions: Based on the results, the use of aromatherapy as a simpler and more effective method is recommended to coaches and officials of sports teams.

Background: Adolescents, for whom the internet is an indispensable part of their daily life, are the most significant group at risk of internet addiction. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of metacognitive strategies on metacognitive behavior and internet selfefficacy of female students at risk of internet addiction during the COVID-19. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental one with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistics population for the academic year 2020-2021 comprised all secondary schools' females in Tehran's 15 district. In this study, a purposeful sampling process was applied. Primarily, one school (Ebne Sina) was randomly selected from the secondary schools of region 15 in Tehran, in the second grade. Three classes were chosen from each grade in the form of lottery and among 360 students, 30 students who were most at risk for internet addiction were randomly selected and assigned in the experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups via shad application. The experimental group received metacognitive strategies training for 8 treatment sessions (90 minutes for each session). The data were analyzed with SPSS23 software and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: Mean and standard deviation of age in the experimental and the control groups were 15. 87±, 0. 734 and 16±, 0. 816, respectively. Moreover, our findings showed that the experimental and control groups differ significantly in their metacognitive behavior (Pvalue=0. 01and F=55. 349) and internet use self-efficacy during pretest control (Pvalue=0. 01 and F=43. 573). Conclusions: The result showed that metacognitive strategies had significant effects on metacognitive behavior and internet self-efficacy of female students at risk of internet addiction during the COVID-19. Therefore, psychological group therapy could be suggested to improve metacognitive behavior and increase internet self-efficacy and thus reduce behavioral and social damages.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal dysfunction with some psychological disorders. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) and grammatical mental imagery with cognitive processing on reducing negative mood (depression and anxiety), cognitive regulation of emotion, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with IBS. Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental one with pre-test and post-test and a control group. The statistical population included all male and female patients with IBS referred to besat gastroenterology clinic in Tehran. The sample size of the present study was estimated to be 75 people who were randomly assigned to the CBSM group (n=25), the grammatical imaging experiment with cognitive processing (n=25), and the control group (n=25) by lottery method without replacement. The cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), life quality questionnaire (SF-36), Beck's depression inventory, and the spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) was used to collect data. Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that CBSM therapy and grammatical mental imagery with cognitive processing were effective in reducing negative mood (depression and anxiety), cognitive regulation of emotion, and QoL (Pvalue=0. 001). The results of covariance analysis also showed a significant difference between CBSM and grammatical mental imagery with cognitive processing only in terms of QoL. There was no significant difference between CBSM and grammatical mental imagery with cognitive processing in reducing negative mood (depression and anxiety), and cognitive emotion regulation. Conclusions: According to the results, CBSM therapy and grammatical mental imagery with cognitive processing increase the QoL and reduce negative emotions in patients with IBS.

Background: The satisfaction of self-determination needs and alleviation of academic burnout help students reduce/adjust the stress and psychological pressure resulting from studies and the university entrance examinations. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on self-determination needs and academic burnout among students showing depressive symptoms in Dehloran (Iran). Methods: In this experimental study, the statistical population comprised all female twelfth-grade high-school students studying for the university entrance exam in Dehloran, Iran in the academic year 2020-21. The sample consisted of 45 students showing depressive symptoms who were selected by convenience sampling, and then randomly divided into two experimental (MBSR and DBT) and a control group (n=15 each). Either MBSR or DBT intervention was administered to the experimental groups, but the control group received no intervention. The research instruments included the selfdetermination needs scale, academic burnout scale, and Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II). The data were analyzed via descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: The results showed that MBSR and DBT both positively affected the self-determination needs (F=92. 44, Pvalue=0. 001) and academic burnout (F=68. 54, Pvalue=0. 001) of students studying for the university entrance exam and showing depressive symptoms. According to the results, MBSR was more effective in students' selfdetermination and academic burnout (Pvalue=0. 01). Conclusions: It was found that both MBSR and DBT can help improve the self-determination needs and academic burnout of female highschool students studying for the university entrance exam and showing depressive symptoms.