Ebnesina
Year:2016 | Volume:18 | Issue:1 (54)|Papers Count:8

Background: Weightlessness has different effects on human physiology. Microgravity causes major changes in various body systems in space; like changes in function of sexual system and the secretion of hormones. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of microgravity on the levels of testosterone and LH in rats.Materials and methods: This experimental study was conducted on 14 adult male rats (race Wistar, the age of about three months, and their weight was approximately 250 grams) that were divided into two groups: control (kept in regular cages) and intervention (in hind limb Plexiglas cages). The dark-light cycle was scheduled 12 hours lightness (about 30 lux) followed by 12 hours darkness. For all rats, the levels of testosterone and LH were measured on days zero and 14. The gathered data were analyzed by SPSS software.Results: At the baseline of the study, the mean value of testosterone was 1.038±0.08 in both groups and the mean value of LH was 5.15±0.62 and 5.40±0.24 in control and intervention groups, respectively (p>0.05). After 14 days, the level of testosterone was 1.04±0.07 in control group and 0.74±0.09 in intervention group (p<0.05). However, the level of LH was 5.43±0.28 in control group and 6.55±0.31 in intervention group (p<0.05).Conclusion: In the intervention group, the level of testosterone decreased, while the level of LH increased. It indicates that microgravity only affected testis and pituitary function remained normal. According to these finding, we may adopt appropriate treatment to prevent further damages to astronauts during spaceflight.

Background: Diabetes is a widespread and progressive disease. Patients experience different emotional and physical disorders during treatment and after it. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of treatment ACT on the reduction of depressive symptoms of military personnel with type 2 diabetes.Materials and methods: This quasi-experimental clinical trial was conducted between control and experimental groups by proposing pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. Totally, 60 patients with type 2 diabetes who went to a military hospital were evaluated using the DASS-21 depression scale and structured interview (DSM-IV-TR). Among the participants that their depression scores in this test were higher than cut-off point average (³14), 30 individuals were selected randomly and divided into two groups: experimental (n=15) and control group (n=15). Eight sessions of intervention of ACT were held (two individual sessions and six group sessions) for experimental group and no clinical intervention was performed for control group during the study. In order to analysis of data, analysis of variance with repeated measurements was performed using SPSS-22 software.Results: Our findings showed that during eight sessions of intervention and three-month follow-up, scores of the experimental group had a significant reduction than the control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results of this research showed that ACT can be effective on decreasing depressive symptoms of military personnel with type 2diabetes.

Background: There are many questions about the effect of exercise on biochemical factors of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the response and adaptation of some predictors of heart disease to exercise in sedentary men.Materials and methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 young sedentary men were divided randomly into two groups: resistance training group and alternative training group. Subjects of both groups performed their training protocol for eight weeks. In order to response assessment, blood samples were taken before, immediately after, and two hours after the exercise. Also, in order to evaluate adaptation in exercise, blood samples for the dependent variables include C-reactive protein, homocysteine, and lipid profile were taken to form pre- and post-test before and after eight weeks. To investigate the response to the training, analysis of variance with repeated measures were used. In addition, dependent and independent t tests were used to evaluate the changes between and within groups on adaptation to exercise.Results: Our findings showed that there is no significant difference between the responses to the type of sports activity. In fact, the resistance exercise resulted in a significant increase in the level of C-reactive protein and homocysteine compared to the alternative training (p<0.05). When the response to the variables were evaluated after eight weeks, it was found that exercise can make a significant difference in response to the type of sports activity (p <0.05). In general, variable adjustment to alternative training is better than resistance.Conclusion: Adaptation to exercise can improve the health indicators In relation to the type of training, it seems that in contrast to resistance exercise, alternative training improves cardiovascular disease and also it can reduce the predictor of these diseases.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is has been growing in recent decades. The academic performance and learning is one of most important aspects in these patients. There is little knowledge about the effectiveness of educational interventions on improvement of patients’ academic performance.Materials and methods: Totally, 45 samples in a targeted manner, with considering the factors of research and obtaining consent for study participation, were placed in three relatively homogenous groups of fifteen individuals (traditional education, e-learning, and combined training group). The groups were trained during seven weeks based on a designed content (seven units of lesson that is based on one of the instructional design models). The questionnaire of Inventory of School Motivation (ISM) was completed in the two stage of pre- and post-test for all three groups. Also, the questionnaire of academic achievement was completed for the groups in all seven units in form of post-test.Results: Paired t-test was significant only for the e-learning (p=0.047) compared to the pre- and post-test academic motivation The results of one-way analysis of variance showed significant changes in the academic achievement of learners with ADHD through e-learning (p=0.042). LSD post hoc test showed the location of determination the difference was in the instructional design model of Gagné and Briggs (P£0.05).Conclusion: In general, in the learners with ADHD, training based on electronic method increase academic motivation and also based on the educational design model Gagné and Briggs in the electronic form leads to academic achievement.

Background: Conflict occurs anywhere human resources as the main asset of an organization involved and when collision and integration between different tasks exist. It can lead to decreased job satisfaction of staff, if not managed properly. Therefore, managers must be familiar with this phenomenon and known style of its management. This study aimed to determine the relationship between job satisfaction and different styles of conflict management.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 322 medical staffs of hospitals in Kerman city in 2011. The hospitals were selected through cluster sampling, and the personnel were selected randomly. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17 software package and also with descriptive and inferential statistical tests.Results: Our findings showed that there is a significant relationship between competition and cooperation styles of conflict management with job satisfaction (p<0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of the present research, managers must recognize the methods of conflict management and also use a special way to increase job satisfaction and efficiency in their healthcare centers based on the environmental conditions and moral characteristics of their employees.

Background: Psychological capital is a new subject that emphasizes on capabilities and assets of an individual. It also considers the positive aspects of human life and tries to facilitate presence of these positive elements in human life from a scientific and practical view. Given the increasing approach to the psychological capital in organizations, the present article aimed to investigate the effect of psychological capital on burnout of nurses in a military hospital in Tehran.Materials and methods: In a descriptive survey, a total of 150 nurses who were working in a military hospital in 2015 were selected based on simple random sampling method. Luthans psychological capital questionnaire and Maslach Burnout questionnaire were used for data collection. The data of the research were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The findings showed that self-efficiency, hopefulness, and tolerability were effective factors on the burnout. The standardized beta coefficients for hopefulness (0.526) and self-efficiency (0.357) had the highest and lowest effect in the change of burnout, respectively.Conclusion: According to findings, psychological capital can be an appropriate solution to reduce the burnout.. Due to importance of this subject, the officials of organizations should have more knowledge about importance and role of psychological capital in order to decrease burnout.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are the most common nutritional deficiencies among infants, children, and women around the world. The purpose of this article was to provide an overview of observational and clinical trial studies have been conducted on the effects of deficiency and improvement of vitamin D and iron.Materials and methods: We reviewed various types of articles which were indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct and published from January 2010 to December 2014.The keywords used in this study were: vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency iron deficiency anemia, and Micronutrients.Results: The amount of IDA indices depends on the type of material fortified with vitamin D, duration of the intervention, and the amount of increased calcitriol. Lack of vitamin D, increases the risk of iron deficiency and vice versa. Age, gender, and menopausal status are effective factors affecting this relationship.Conclusion: Given the importance of the role of iron in the production of calcitriol, VDD may occur in patients with IDA. On the other hand, VDD through gene expression of hepcid results in reduces iron bioavailability and thus increase the risk of IDA.

Background: Probiotic milk products with valuable nutritional and health properties is one the most important issues of nutrition and medicine. The aim of present study was to produce chocolate milk containing microencapsulated probiotic bacteria.Materials and methods: In the present study, the Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium animalis were injected into chocolate milk both in free and microencapsulated forms. Sodium alginate and resistant starch were used for microencapsulation via extrusion method. The changes in probiotic bacteria count and their sensory acceptability were evaluated at 5oC for 21 days. Also, survival rate of bacteria was determined in simulated gastrointestinal conditions.Results: The significant survival rates of microencapsulated bacteria was observed in chocolate milk and also in simulated gastrointestinal condition in all conditions (p<0.05).Conclusion: Based on the sensory physicochemical evaluations, the chocolate milk can be produced containing microencapsulated Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium animalis with expiration time of 6 and 9 days, respectively. Given the important role of such products in disease prevention and boosting the immune system, so the use of them is recommended in time of war.