Financial Economics
Year:2011 | Volume:5 | Issue:13|Papers Count:8

In accordance with importance of efficiency in industrial sector, this article set the cost function based on maximum likelihood ratio test between Cobb-Douglas and Translog function. The efficiency and effective factors has assigned in 9 major categories according to two digit ISIC code. This study applies the stochastic frontier analysis for panel data in time period 1995-2006. Therefore at first effective factors on cost function as a translog function has determined and then effective factors on this function has recognized according to Battese and Coeli (1995)’s approach. The result suggest that the main metal industry and nonmetal mineral industry with 64% and 95.5% of efficiency have the most and the least efficiency among Iran industries, respectively. Also with identification of effective factors on country’s industry in related time, it suggests that the labor’s proficiency has negative effect, and technical change and incident of industry have positive effect on efficiency of industry.

The most important issues in the evaluation of development of a country, according to the categories of human resources as are considered of development. General Mfhrm human development, increasing people's choices and promote the welfare of life that defined the underlying enjoyment of human life and ethics in a long and healthy environment is rich and democratic society. Performance of countries in this regard, as an annual HDI index, which raised a number of inputs is estimated that including education, health, GDP and GDP Hand can be noted from the aforementioned variables and factors under various branches has been established. Assessment methods and indicators with different software and different applications, which is used in many cases the process of human development is a qualitative concept to quantitatively with other countries in consecutive years can be compared. Drives to this article from the perspective of two inputs HDI index GDP, training methods and fuzzy logic for Iran during the years 2005-1995 is therefore estimated from the statistics presented in the HDI inputs and variables collected in the form of fuzzy logic and the estimated Finally, the present status of the human development approach the desired parameters, are discussed.

Today, tourism is one of the largest and most diversified industries in the world. By analyzing the economic effects of this industry it has been seen that if a country use its tourism capacity well, it may reach a remarkable level of economic growth. Considering Iran's high potential for attracting tourists from all over the world and paying attention to direct and indirect effects of this industry on other economic sectors, we may find a solution for changing the single-product economy while acquiring a higher rate of economic growth and a sustainable development.The paper, in addition to providing qualitative and descriptive analysis, also applies suitable quantitative techniques for the 1988-2008 data. The results of the estimated model indicates the direct effect of absorbing twenty tourists into the country can lead to the creation of at least one job and by considering their direct and indirect effects may lead to even more than 3 jobs.Considering the high capacity of this industry in creating jobs and through correct planning and good management, we may use the capacity and advantage of this industry and accelerate the Process of moving toward a society with sustainable development.

In last few years, liquid natural gas (LNG) has considered as a new energy resources. Liquefied natural gas, or LNG, is natural gas in its liquid form. When natural gas is cooled to minus 259 degrees Fahrenheit (-161 degrees Celsius), it becomes a clear, colorless, odorless liquid. LNG is neither corrosive nor toxic. Natural gas is primarily methane, with low concentrations of other hydrocarbons, water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen and some sulfur compounds. During the process known as liquefaction, natural gas is cooled below its boiling point, removing most of these compounds. The remaining natural gas is primarily methane with only small amounts of other hydrocarbons. LNG weighs less than half the weight of water so it will float if spilled on water. Natural gas is the cleanest burning fossil fuel. It produces less emissions and pollutants than either coal or oil. LNG is normally warmed to make natural gas to be used in heating and cooking as well as electricity generation and other industrial uses. LNG can also be kept as a liquid to be used as an alternative transportation fuel. LNG peak-shaving facilities are used for storing surplus natural gas that is to be used to meet the requirements of peak consumption later during winter or summer. Each peak-shaving facility has a regasification unit attached but may or may not have a liquefaction unit. These facilities without a liquefaction unit depend upon tank trucks to bring LNG from other nearby sources to them.

Inflation and inequality of income distribution are two problems in the most developing countries and because of that many research have been done in this case. Therefore as undesirable effect of inflation on income distribution and mutual-connection between Growth of GDP and income distribution, measuring of the effect of inflation on economic inequalities is a very important point. The study, consider the effect of inflation on income distribution in Iran for urban and rural areas separately during 1982-2006.In this study we used the Gini coefficient for analyzing the effect of inflation, unemployment and government social payments on income distribution in the model. The model is a linear pattern and equations estimated which has been estimated by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method using Eviews6 software, for gathered data during 1982-2006.The results show that the effect of inflation on Gini coefficient in urban and rural areas of Iran is positive and reasonable. It means that increasing inflation causes more income inequality in this country. The effect of unemployment on Gini coefficient is also positive and reasonable. Also the effect of government social costs has negative effect in our model. In addition the effect of inflation and unemployment on Gini coefficient in urban areas is more than rural which may be due to livelihood economic situation in the rural areas.

Population is one of the factors that affecting growth in the long run. Some empirical studies suggest that the negative impact on economic growth and some show positive effects. The purpose of this paper is investigating about the effect of population growth during 1985-2007 among 156 countries in four income level (high, upper-middle, lower-middle and lower). In this survey we use panel data method to investigate the impact of population and rate of birth, directly and indirectly, on economic growth. The results show that in countries with high income, the population will have a negative impact on economic growth in other income groups, this effect is positive. Impact of birth rates on upper-middle income countries is positive but statistically meaningless, and the other groups effect is positive and significant. Generally in lower-middle income countries the impact of rate of birth on economic growth depend on the two direct and indirect affection, thus we couldn't strictly prove that this variable increases or decreases the economic growth in the long run. In upper-middle income countries the rate of birth show positive impact and In other income groups, the relationship is negative.

Considering the undeniable role of oil in economy of Iran, this study seeks to relationship Resource curse and shadow economy with economic growth.On resource curse theory, the oil revenue increasing makes economic growth, but due to the expansion of the shadow economy, it negatively affects the economic growth.Results of research show that growth rate of labor force, oil revenues, economic freedom have positive effect on the economic growth and the volume of the shadow economy and government size have negative effect on the economic growth.

In this study the relationship between Economic Growth and open economy (liberalization of trade) with emphasis on Iran data has been investigated. The model is base on Locus Growth model as structural model. To separate the effect of trade policy from the openness of economy because of mass volume of trade we use two different index. To prevent Spurious Regression we use unit root tests and the method of co-integration to study relation between variables.The results confirm the long run relation between Economic Growth and independent variables of models. (Capital, labor, Human Development, Openness of economy, tariff Tax on import).The long run positive relation between openness of economy and Economic Growth has been confirmed by the model the relation between short run and long run study at VECM and IRFs Models. The model also shows that a decrease in average of import Tax (tariff barrier) as trade policy cause to increase in Economic Growth.