Journal of Regional Planning
Year:2016 | Volume:6 | Issue:23|Papers Count:19

Spatial studies, as the main tool for studying the region is a tangible and concrete way from different perspectives, has a special position among the different plans. Education of people (man & woman) in all levels is placed at the basic goals of international organizations. It is emphasized in MDG’s Goals of century (2000-2015) and sustainable development of SDG (2015-2030). The current research method is descriptive – analytic. The statistical society is people in all cities who are exposed to the related indices to education. Finally, the educational indices were recognized by using the ARC GIS and EXCEL and classified to five indices: 1) Internet access, 2) Adult literacy, 3) higher education, 4) literate, and 5) illiterate. For reviewing and assessing the recognized indices, at first the raw data received from Iran’s statistical center and then all 41 calculated indices considered for all 394 cities of Iran. The results show that in the South-East, all border areas and most of East and West regions are at average or low level and in some cases not appropriate in the all 5 main factors. But, the central, north and industrial areas of Iran are at the average or good conditions which the high or low levels resulted from political, economic, and cultural reasons.

The innovation and knowledge creation is a vital and extensive research area in the contemporary regional development planning. Many countries have realized the importance of this issue and have tried to strengthen the knowledge-based sectors of the economy. As well, we have taken steps to a knowledge-based development in the past years in Iran. Consequently, some changes in the country and the role of the Provinces in the process of this change are being emerged. Considering these changes, the main objective of this paper is to assess and compare the role of knowledge in the 31 Iran Provinces to realize the role and importance of knowledge in each Province. This study, with descriptive-analytical research method and using available statistical data (mostly the year 1390), by using fuzzy and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) analysis tools in ArcGIS as well as SPSS analytical tools, has investigated the implications of these changes and attempts to determine the position of the each Province in the process of knowledge-based development. For this purpose, according to the criteria used in similar studies, as well as with regard to access to data and information relating to these measures, 15 indicators were selected in 4 index groups. Accordingly, 31 provinces were ranked and classified into six clusters using cluster analysis. The results show that there is a sever imbalance between the Provinces in potential of the knowledge-based development. Tehran, far from other provinces, is in the first place, and then the provinces of Qom, Isfahan, and Semnan are located in rank 2 to 4. Also, at the bottom of the ranking table, three provinces of Kurdistan, Sistan and Baluchistan, and North Khorasan are located in 29 to 31 places, respectively. This trend reflects the formation of center-periphery relations in the spatial knowledge-based development that implies the necessity of reviewing policies and programs among policymakers to reduce the gaps between county’s regions.

The housing sector, as one of the most important parts of a society's development and a basic human need, plays a vital role in improving the quality of life satisfaction. Every community has formed its housing sector based on its economic, social and cultural needs, possibilities, and limits. This analytic-descriptive study, as an applied research, aims to assess the development of the Counties of Ardebil province and focus on the availability of quality housing indicators. For explaining the quality of housing in the Counties of Ardebil province, a series of available data in the statistic center and the County site is used. Finally, to determine the final score and rank of possessing the housing quality indicators and to weighing on the indices, the ELECTRE and the AHP (Based on 20 experts specializing in housing) model were used, respectively. The counties of Ardabil province categorized in the five level according to qualitative indexes of housing which Ardabil is determined (The final score of the ELECTRE 4) as developed countiy and Parsabad, Namin, and nir (The final score of the ELECTRE 3) as a developing counties, Khalkhal, and Sarein (The final score of the ELECTRE 2) as Moderate development counties, Bilehsavar and Meshginshahr (The final score of the ELECTRE 1) as less developed counties, and Kosar and Germy (The final score of the ELECTRE 0) as undeveloped counties. According to Pearson correlation, there is not any significant relation among housing quality, urbanization percent and distance to province capital-Ardabil.

During recent decades, development as one of the most important global challenges has been attracted the attention of politicians and socioeconomic planners. Therefore, in order to achieve sustainable development in the country, including urban and rural settlement areas, studying the past events is necessary to analyze the situation and draw the appropriate spatial. In other words, knowing the capabilities of the environment and the available services in each region are necessary to determine the development level of of these areas, especially rural regions, as the first step in the planning process and development of the region's population. This study is aimed to investigate and identify the most important factors in the development of rural regions and explore the differences, similarities, and classify them in terms of development. Statistical community of this analytical-descriptive research is rural settlements of Fars province. The documentary data is collected by using the factor analysis of the 29 county of Fars province in three dimensions: economic, social and ecological status. The development level of of rural regions, by using Morris, is classified into four groups such as unbalanced, developed, less developed and deprived groups. The results show that there is strong differences among rural areas in the Fars province that means Marvdasht (50.22 percent), Darab (49.04percent), Estahban (46.35 percent) and Kazeroon (45.59 percent) are as the developed regins that placed at the highest level and Kawar, Mohr, Sarvestan, Khonj and Gerash (18.46 percent) are as deprived regions that located at the lowest level.

In several recent decades, many sociologists and planners were interested in regional development process. Therefore, they intended to decrease challenges of regional development and diversify economic, socio– cultural and environmental activities in different areas. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of tourism and the priorities of the approved areas in the Lorestan province to the investors so that they can provide a better condition to mobilize the local economy and better planning for the development of tourism in the province. The present study is an applied research, and a descriptive- analytical method is used for sample analyzing, and data collection is conducted through library and field (questionnaires, observation and interview) methods. This research contains two statistical population including Cultural Heritage Handicraft and Tourism Organization that from total of 58 people only 35 percent tend to respond so that they assumed as the statistical population. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and variance) and analytical (single sample t-test, correlation and analysis of variance) techniques were used to analyze the impacts of tourism and the technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was carried out to prioritize each of the areas approved by the cultural heritage handicraft and tourism organization of Lorestan province. The results of one-sample t-test showed that the average for all aspects evaluated higher than optimum condition except investment and participation indices, and its difference was quite significant for all indices. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a significant positive correlation between tourism and regional development. Therefore, the level of significance of the effects can be explained at 0.95 percent. The results of path analysis showed that the economic aspects have the highest effects (0.529), and the least effect on regional development was related to environmental dimensions (0.287). Furthermore, the model (TOPSIS) represented a large difference in the enjoyment level of proposed sample areas. So, the areas Moorzarin and Falak-ol-aflak Castle with 0.69 and 0.64 had the most enjoyment level, and the areas Makhmalkooh and Kamalvand showed the least coefficient values (0.03 and 0.04), respectively among the tourist sample areas of the province.

Land in the city center is the outcome of relationships and physical performance. The extension of these relations complicates the understanding both spatial phenomenon and regional planning. This study has surveyed the four terms in regional planning (Metropolitan Region, City-Region, Functional Urban Region and Polycentric Urban Region) and it has paid attention to the explanation of every phenomenon’s nature by using of the comparative analysis method according to functional and morphological factors. The needed information has been collected in the documentary- library method. The Statistical methods and the models of planning such LQ and activity rate are used to adjust the spatial model of Tehran metropolis and its surrounding areas with the obtained theoretical framework. Thus, the optimized spatial model of Tehran metropolitan and its around has been presented in different scales. The findings show that Tehran metropolis accept the central roles not only in the complex scales such as national and regional but also between them. So, the existence of various patterns of functional interactions between Tehran metropolitan and its surrounding cities can add a new spatial nature to this metropolis and its surrounding areas. From physical viewpoint about the spatial phenomena, the urban based territories seem morphologically closer together. It is deserved that the spatial phenomena has been focused on the complex systems of morphological, functional, relational and political factors. The spatial nature of Tehran metropolis and its surrounding areas is studied in each of models. Therefore, three concepts of metropolitan region, functional urban region and city-region introduced as acceptable and definable spatial models in the various optimized scales.

Economic globalization refers to the integration of national economy into global economy. Infrastructure, potentiality and proportionate competencies are needed for integration into the economic globalization. In this regard, the metropolises of developing countries have these requirements and pave the ground for entering into economic globalization. Therefore, highlighting the status of metropolises and examining their function in economic globalization are taken to be of high significance. Accordingly, the aim of the present research is to compare two metropolises, i.e. Tehran and Istanbul, based on the indices of economic globalization in terms of diverse institutions and organizations. In addition, it assesses the function of these two metropolises in global economy. The methodology of this study is descriptive-analytical. Firstly, context, weak and strong points of these two metropolises and influential policies in the context in relation to the variables of this research were analyzed in order to compare the indices. Then, the independent two-sample t-test was applied to evaluate the function of these two metropolises. The results of this test indicated that the highest rates of difference related to the number of foreign companies index (T=-27.633), imports (T=-10.301), exports (T=-7.435), avionics network function (T=-7.039) and foreign direct investment (T=-4.276), respectively. On the contrary, the lowest rate of different pertained to internet infiltration coefficient (T=-2.5). By considering the indices in descriptive, analytical and inferential terms, the results of this research demonstrate that Istanbul’s function has been stronger than Tehran’s in all the indices of economic globalization. Hence, Istanbul is more successful than Tehran in every respect.

Modern commercial complex composed of hundreds of shops and commercial units are services in urban areas. Incorrect positioning of these trade centers and lack of attention to their roles in serving the citizens is one of the common problems in many cities. Shiraz is faced with failure and lack of new commercial centers because of the failure of urban spatial structure in urban areas. The aim of study is to evaluate the spatial distribution of new urban and commercial centers in the city to the optimal location. This study is based on objective, functional and analytical method. Research variables are cover radius, population density, road network, and incompatible and compatible land use. Criteria and sub-criteria, based on the weighted carried out in the AHP, and Index overlay method by using GIS methods were used to show final map of new commercial centers. In this study, normal weight index 2.16 has the greatest impact and street network coverage radius with 0/5 has the least effect. The results indicate that the new business centers in Shiraz were not enough to serve all citizens. More than half of new commercial centers are outside of the coverage radius standard. So, placing new commercial centers in the best places of city is required to consider the presented criteria in map to cover the whole atomosphere of the city.

The introduction of any new economic activity in rural areas will have impacts on economic, social, cultural, and physical and space aspects of the community in various forms especially spatial structure and function of the area. Illegal trade activities, as an economic phenomenon, have resulted in formation of spatial organization and specific geographic perspective, and creating new activities at the same time that affects different aspects of rural life community. The study aims to investigate the different effects of this activities in the villages of the central city in the southern province of Fars, Lamerd, which seeks to understand and explain the effects of economic, social, and physical activity created by the expansion of the informal activities and their reflection to the life development of the rural settlements. This descriptive and analytic study is collected its data in two ways from documentary study and surveys (via observation, interviews and questionnaires). The sample size was resulting from Cochran formula and estimated based on 156 households. Spearman analytical tests, Xi-two, Friedman and Factor Analysis were used in addition to descriptive statistics to analyze the data. The results show that immigrants in this region as the largest importers of contraband in the region, which is adjacent to the countries of the Persian Gulf, have the greatest impact on the development of rural settlements. So, it has a significant economic, social and physical effects on the studied villages that leads to founding too many high income professional activities in the region. Also, according to factor analysis and Friedman, the most effectiveness of this type of activities was on the economic, physical and social fields, respectively.

In recent decades, the development of small towns through the process of transforming rural areas into the city has been taken into account as one of the major policy planning in developing countries, including Iran. Since the development of this effective strategy in improving the quality of life in rural areas such as population distribution, facilities and funds, reducing migration to large cities, increasing the participation of villagers, and employment development in the rural areas. This study is to determine the village-urban centers in the city of Khorramabad by examining the villages with a population of 2, 000 in the form of 71 separate indicators such as economic, social, physical, quality of housing, infrastructure and communication, health, management and agricultural. In this study, analytical- descriptive method is used in terms of taxonomy, Morris method, scattering coefficient, method of communication nodes and a total minimum distance. The findings show that the rate of development of these villages is different. The results indicate that the superiority of one village is in terms of facilities and services. The village Bahrami based on the both Morris and the number of communication nodes is placed in the first place as a center of urban rural. The findings based on the coefficient of dispersion index showed as imbalance among the rural literacy rate, the education index and the accessibility to Internet in the villages.

To achieve the supercilious goals, after the biological needs, the human person needs to feel safety and security.so that sense of security is the the main indicator of the quality of rural life. The purpose of this paper is to consider the factors affecting this issue in rural areas. Analytical research and development is applied. The population survey is 5813 households in 74 villages in the Markazi District- Township Jahrom. The sample size was calculated 250 using the Cochran formula. Data were analyzed with SPSS software, descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as chi-square, Kendal correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results of regression analysis showed that there is relatively strong correlation coefficient (R) 0.706 between independent variables and the dependent variable. The physical environment variables, trust, satisfaction have significant impact on safety, but the impact of gender, education, experience, age and crime ares not significant. Satisfaction variables with regression coefficient 0.758 and confidence regression coefficient 0.283 have the greatest impact on changing sense of security and physical environment variable with a regression coefficient of 0.197 is placed in the next rank. The results indicate that the correlation between the two social security sense and confidence variables is significant. Finally, the chi-square was used to investigate the relationship between the experience of crime and sense of security. Based on average level of crime experience that is significant (=0.05) there is no difference among people who have had direct experience of crime with people who have not experienced of crime in the sense of security. Therefore, it can be said that the safety and sense of security are high in rural areas of the Markazi District- Township Jahrom.

Iran has always been the site of a variety of natural disasters such as earthquakes because of its geographical position. In fact, the vulnerability of the rural housing is more than urban ones due to low quality of the rural housing. So, it is important to identify barriers of the development and retrofitting of these buildings. But it is noticable that correct knowledge of existance conditions in social, economical, environmental and management dimentions is prerequisite for every planning to dicision making basically relying on this information. The present study aimed to analyze the barriers affecting rural housing in the Bonab county; therefore, retrofitting is done by using “factor analysis”. The exploratory research is descriptive- analysis. It has been selected 35 indexes. The population include 14047 people (living in residential buildings over 20 years old) in 29 villages of Bonab County. Sample size has been estimated 420 people that were selected randomly by using Cochran formula. Required data obtained through distributed questionnaires. Face validity of questionnaire is obtained by consent of professors and administrative experts and reliability coefficient calculated 0.94 using Cronbach's alpha formula. The results of the questionnaires reduced to 4 factors using “factor analysis” technique that economic factors (86.09), management factors (5.46), social factors (2.26) and environmental factors (0.93) had the greatest impact on nonretrofitting of rural housing, respectively. In total, four factors have the ability to explain the 94.75 percent of the varience. Results of the interpreting of the maps and dispresion diagram of the villages indicates that economic barriers is a common factor among all villages. The results from interpretation of village’s maps and scattered diagram show the economic barriers as common factor among all rural villages, social factor in villages near the city center and Environmental management and operating jointly in villages far from the city center are as a main barrieres. Therefore, it is required to prepare and implement retrofit programs with financial support approach to strengthening rural housing in the city.

Sprinkler irrigation as one of the most suitable methods for increasing the irrigation efficiency, is faced with some operational problems and challenges among agronomists of Iran. The goal of present article is to understand the problems, difficulties and challenges of modern irrigation methods in rural regions of Fars province, Bavanat, in Iran. Geographic area of this analytic-descriptive research involves the study of 15 villages of the study area. Consequently, the population of the study consists of all farmers of Sarchahan region in Fars province (N= 776) of which 257 farmers were selected randomly among this population as the sample of study by means of Cochran formula. A vast range of indicators of economic, social and technical dimensions were determined by a series of documentary studies and field visits. Results were analyzed by means of T-single-sample method using SPSS software. The results show that the maximum range of difficulties and challenges in the files of modern irrigation methods refer to economic problems (3.47%) and the minimum refer to social dimensions (2.81%). Also the results show that the farmers of some villages like Aboo-Nasr, Siahoo, and Shahrak Al-Zahra are facing with the most problems and difficulties( 3.28) and the farmers of Shahzadeh Abolghasem, Ahl Kooh, and Soofian are facing with the minimum problems( 3.03%, 3.01%, 2.95% respectively) to implement the pressurized irrigation.

Drought means a shortage of rainfall in a long time and reduced water resources. The consequences of drought restrictions affecting food security and livelihoods of more than two billion people living in dry areas, especially rural residents. The purpose of this paper is to examine the social, economic and environmental drought due to introduction of environmental perceptions of rural residents. For the purpose of research and study topic, hypothesis is explained in the following application: It seems that the perception of the environment in rural areas is different from the phenomenon of drought. The methodology is descriptive - analytical and is based on the survey. In this way Mappak techniques for environmental ranking perceptual space is used villagers against the phenomenon of drought.The study is based on in-depth studies and field applications using quantitative models, to rank the study area is rural settlements.Namely, the weight of each criterion after the questionnaires and data entry were determined to Spss with Shannon entropy techniques (MAPPAC) is used for ranking. In this study, Spss software for data entry using software and techniques SANA Mappak, final comments in relation to environmental perceptions and rural residents has been ranked the phenomenon of drought. The results show that in rural areas such as RzyAbad Dalfard and Myjan first place, FthAbad second and third place, respectively Khaardan.And compared to other villages of rank higher on the peripheral perception drought and Tvansth And are more compatible with the environment and understand it with the surrounding environment and their rural communities.

Today, tourism is considered as a tool for the development of rural areas in many countries of the world. Although most of the villages have changed over time, but villages, in which tourist attraction is significant, the speed and rate of change is more. The purpose of this study was to consider the role of tourism in the physical and functional changes of villages. This descriptive-analytic study collected its data via both documentary and field study. To rank the villages in terms of tourism arising fromchanges, the AHP model is used. In this study, based on preliminary studies, the 8 villages of the centeral Lahijan city, in which tourist attractions spread, was studied. Statistical population is 98 experts of local and provincial managers that relevant to the topic that based on the standard table of Morgan 80 persons were randomly selected as the sample. To investigate the matter, the eight criteria related to tourism and the physical and functional changes (changes in land use, public services, accommodation services, catering services, businesses, second homes, quality of buildings and land prices) were emphasized. The results show that the most important impact of tourism in these villages are such as: Open second homes (491 units), land use change from agricultural to residential and commercial about 622 hectares, reducingfarming, boom tourism activity and create new economic activity in the service sector, flourishing in tourism activity and creating new economic activity in the service sector. AHP model based on the output of the eight surveyed villages, Sheykhanbar village has a 0.26 weight that show the highest rate changes and sarcheme village has a 0.04 weight that show the least amount of physical and functional changes.

One of the main objectives of developing countries in reducing unemployment is creating career development opportunities. The development of tourism, as an economic activity, can lead to higher levels of employment and consequently to reduce crime, and ultimately increase the security. Anzali port city has tourism attractions ability that have a positive impact on each of the indicators of development such as infrastructure, maintaining the survival population, elimination of unemployment and job creation, cultural development, improving social relationships, physical development, the development of approved economic relations that lead to boost tourism industry, business and crime reduction as a result of city development. The aim of this study is to measure the relationship between tourism development and improvement of security, and order in Bandar-e Anzali city. This applied-descriptive study has a sample size of 383 people of the whole Bandar Anzali city that randomly selected. Data from this study was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Assumptions of this study are based on tourism development, employment, and crime reduction in Bandar Anzali city. In the first study to test two hypotheses of the study, Pearson test and the questionnaire results were assessed the confidence level of them with 785 and 0, 0.799, respectively. The confidence level of the third hypothesis of this study is 0.77 by using regression analysis. The results of assessments carried out, actually to express that there is significance relationship between tourism and employment development, and reduction in delinquency that the development of tourism and improve employment will reduce crime in this city.

Urbanization quality refers to the situation urban households, urban lifestyle and interior space cities. Due to the inherent complexity of cities and various aspects of their impact, identifying key factors in achieving urban sustainability seems necessary. In this regard, the urban dwellers satisfaction of the present status according to the desires and needs can lead to the sustainability of cities, especially social sustainability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the urbanization quality based on an analysis of the structure and function of the urban system. This descriptive-analytical study is applied research. The statistical population of this study is all city residents being randomly selected who are 350 people that questionnaires were distributed among them. Research findings by TOPSIS and SPSS were analyzed to determine the quality of urbanization in the Nour abad city. Results indicate that citizens have the highest satisfaction index of social security function and quality of medical facilities and services. In the achieved social security function, the highest rank belongs to the satisfaction of police accountability rated 0.693 and satisfaction of medical facilities rated 0.517. But, the least satisfaction was allocated to productive function that, in this function, employment in industrial production satisfaction is placed in low ranking score 453/0. Also, the results show that the highest correlation are established between satisfaction and productive function relative to other indicators. Finally, based on the research findings, there have been strategies for improving the quality of urbanization in the nourabad city.

Urbanization is basically plays key role in geographical development of population policy and urban growth. Therefore, growth and development of cities in Iran have become a problem in recent years and the necessity of paying attention to urban issues, especially its physical issues, has found importance within a scientific framework. In this study, the role of geographical parameters in physical development of Soufyan city and the affected factors have been investigated. In the current study, both methods were used: descriptive method was used to collect data and causal methods were used to analyze data. To test the hypotheses of research, questionnaire was used that was completed by 30 employees working in departments of Soufyan city, and its higher Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.90) confirms the reliability of the questionnaire. Statistical analysis of research was carried out by using univariate nonparametric test and non-parametric binomial test. Results indicated that environmental factors did not play significant role in physical development of Soufyan and the geographical location of the Soufyan is the most effective factor in physical development of Soufyan city. On the other hand, the factor of distance from Tabriz is the determining factor in physical development of Soufyan city. Finally, physical development of Soufyan city has not been smart in recent years.

The rapid changes in the international system (History Corner) in South West Asia has created opportunities and threats to the region with the growth of Islamic awakening. Hence "the system of domination" lead to proxy wars in the geographic area, in order to maintain its hegemony that have created regional competition grounds. This paper is to study Yemeni as special geopolitical position that has changed during recent years by emphasizing on its political structure, capacity, geopolitical, geo-economic and geo-culture aspects that played a major role in its transformation. By analyzing questionnaires, results show that potential geopolitical factors affecting Yemen in the field of regional and international, including, the geo-strategic position of the Strait of Bab el-Mandeb and the strength of the internal structure of Yemen's political and social system. We hope, Yemeni will be created the regional competitions based on its current position in the shadow of geo-culture, religious factors and human factors as its potentiality.