JOURNAL OF REGIONAL PLANNING
Year:2019 | Volume:9 | Issue:33 |Papers Count:10

The level of competitiveness of the countries of the world is one of the important criteria that considers many variables in micro and macro economies. This indicator plays an important role in preserving the survival of any country; in this regard, this paper aims to measure and analyze the competitiveness indices (GCI) in the West Asian region with an emphasis on Iran. The type of research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. The data gathering tool was compiled to examine the competitiveness indicators in the form of 12 major components and their data from the report (GCI). To analyze the data, Shannon Entropy models, Topsis, Scatter coefficient model, Moran's I spatial correlation method, and Arc Gis software are used. The results of this study indicate that the UAE, the occupation regime of Quds and Qatar, ranked first to third with the highest points of the TOPSIS ranking, while Iran with a score of 0. 51 points and a Yemeni country ranked 0. 51. With the lowest points it is in the last position. Other findings, using the dispersion coefficient model, showed that among the twelve components of global competitiveness, the highest levels of inequality in the labor market performance component (0. 742) and the lowest level of inequality in the components of institutions and higher education and human resource training (0. 390 ) have been. Also, the Moran index in all twelve components of competitiveness is less than one. We conclude that the distribution pattern of components in West Asian countries is a randomized (Random) pattern indicating the unplanned spatial distribution of competitiveness indicators.

Considering the importance of financial development in reducing inequality based on the economic literature, importance of income distribution and fair division of resource and facilities between various social groups and elimination of inequality in Iran’ s provinces, this study investigates the relationship between financial development and income distribution in Iran’ s provinces, based on the dynamic panel models and using Generalized Method of Moment(GMM) estimator in the time period of 2006-2015. The underlying provinces are divided into three groups as developed, less developed and undeveloped based on the index of Ministry of Industry, Mining and Trade. The results indicate that there is a negative and linear relationship between financial development and inequality in all groups of provinces, so it can be said that the higher level of financial development reduces inequality. It should be noted that the impact of financial development on reducing inequality in provinces has an inverse relationship with their development level, so that this effect in undeveloped provinces is more than two other groups. On the other hand, results show that there are not enough evidences supporting the non-linear inverted U-shaped hypothesis between financial development and inequality in Iran’ s provinces in the period of study.

Create a balance between social, Environmental and economic activities of human society, Sustainable development and find ways and means to achieve this balance, the theme environmental planning and its ultimate goal Achieve sustainable development. Achieving sustainable development, one of the main issues countries, especially developing countries. Today, sustainable development, one of the main issues countries, especially developing countries. Developing countries to catch up on, freedom from poverty, political, economic, cultural, etc. And to achieve all-round development of temperature and that can improve the lives of all people lead, In recognition of the potential power and limitations in all areas and regions need. Therefore, this study Iran is conducted in order to measure sustainable development. He study, a combination of descriptive and analytical by nature practical development. The population consisted of 31 provinces of Iran is based on the 2012 census. 4 factors to assess the institutional, economic, environmental and social and 30 indicators used a combination of positive and negative ANP model to express the relative importance of each indicator is used. PROMETHEE V model used to analyze the data is taken. The results showed that Isfahan Province Phi + (0. 612), Phi-(0. 359) and Phi (0. 253) in the first place and Sistan and Baluchistan Phi + (0. 355), Phi-(0. 619) and Phi (-0. 264) is in last place. A total of 8 provinces of Iran in terms of sustainable development indicators rank high in the province (26 percent), 5 provincial average (16 percent), 10 provinces ranked low (32 percent) and 8 of rated very low (26 percent) of development.

The perceived risk of villagers against drought can be seen in their mental judgment regarding the degree of drought risk and the change in their unconstructive behaviors. Due to the devastating effects on rural communities, the drying of Lake Urmia requires the understanding of the behaviors and reactions of villagers in order to increase their susceptibility to drought. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of drought risk perception of Urmia Lake in changing the behavior of villagers. For this purpose, a combination of personal and social psychology was used. The research method was descriptive-analytic. For analyzing the conceptual model and the experimental model, the path analysis method was used. From 83 villages located 30 km from the east coast of Lake Urmia, a random sampling method was used to select 43 villages as sample size. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was 0. 88-0. 95 using Cronbach's alpha formula. The findings of the study showed that the level of risk perception was higher than the median with a theoretical mean (7> 4. 87>1). The results of the path analysis method on the dependent variable of practical risk reduction behaviors showed that varieties of drought-resistant agricultural product selection, knowledge, and skills, income, age, length of stay, participation in training programs, renovation and improvement of irrigation canals on behaviors Drastic risk reduction measures have a direct effect. Also, the results of path analysis on the dependent variable of intention to reduce risk behaviors in the future showed that drought-tolerant crop varieties, self-efficacy, age, education level, trust, previous experience of risk and accountability had positive effect and variables of optimistic bias, income, and age The variables of risk perception have had a negative effect. Also, in the study of indirect effects through the medium of risk perception, two variables of beliefs and income are influenced by influencing the variable on the intention and intention of reducing the risk of drought risk.

The rapid growth of population and the physical development of the regions has always made the distribution of public services difficult. This has led to the spatial imbalance of the regions over time. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to measure the development level of the cities of Kerman province in two periods between 2011 and 2015. The governing approach to this research is descriptive and analytical and its nature is applicable. For this purpose, relevant statistical data were obtained from relevant organizations. The expert-centered questionnaire was used to measure the data. In this research, the population centers of Kerman province were based on 48 components in the form of eight general indicators (health, educational, cultural, demographic, employment, infrastructure, urban services, agriculture and livestock) using the multi-criteria decision making model of Topsis. To measure the composite weights of research indices, we used Vicker and AHPF models. Finally, the integration method was used to combine the above models. Comparison of the status of population centers in Kerman province during the 2011-2015 period in terms of development status indicates that all the population centers in the province during the two periods have not been significantly changed and remain at the same level. Among these, only Zarand is the city which in 2011 was based on the weight obtained in two fuzzy models (0. 045) and VIKOR (0. 811) at undesirable levels and in 2015 it was ranked relatively favorable and with a fuzzy weight ( 0. 042) and the weight of the wiker (0. 799). In the end, the integration model has been used to eliminate the differences in the rankings in these models and to combine the weighting methods. The results of this model show that the demarcation of Kerman province is at different levels. So that Kerman, Jiroft and Rafsanjan population centers are ranked first to third without any changes in both periods of time at a high level, and the cities of Fahraj, Narmashir, Reagan and Ghalegaran are the most deprived areas.

Recently, annexation of rurales to cities is one of the most important Concerns of planners, which is influenced by complex sets of various factors, such as Political division and sometimes political decisions. Aim of theis research is examination of annexation of rural settlements of Periphery to the cities on the base of the interpretative paradigm is based on framework of Political divisions in the Urmia metropolis area. Rural settlements around Urmia metropolis up to 7 km radius are divided into five categories based on the Height variable. 71. 85% of the villages are on the first group, 20. 39% are on the second group, 5. 82% are on the third group and 1. 94 percent are on the fourth group. no rurales are located in the fifth group (height: of 2201-1924 m, ). This study is practical and based on Qualitative method. In this regard, a case study has been used to conduct research. Research Participants, 42 professionals and experts from related organizations in rural and city affairs (including municipality, Agricultural-Jihad Organization, Governor General of West Azerbaijan Province, Governor and etc. ). Data collection method has been used deep and semi-structured interviews. The sampling method was based on snowball sampling. Finally, the collected data was analyzed using the Grounded theory as a qualitative approach. The results of the research showed that first, annexation of rural settlements to the City, as a complex and Multidimensional process, wich is in accordance with spatial and temporal conditions, under the direct influence of the centralized territorial division system of Iran. centralized territorial division. Then centralized territorial divisions, in the form of factors such as Weaknesses in Political divisions, Geographical proximity, inefficient management centralized economic system and ultimately, causes migration to the rurales around the metropolis, and has led to the annexation of rural to Urmia. Ultimately, the weakening of the foundations of rural activity and economy, scattering of rural management, formation of informal living spaces, and social capital changes are the main consequences of annexation of rurales to the Urmia city.

The two approaches of instrumental rationalism and collaborative have so far been addressed in the framework and process of development planning which in Iran's planning system has overcome the instrumental rationalism approach in the planning process. The purpose of this study is to investigate the rural planning status and its impacts on the sustainable development of rural settlements in Pakdasht and Ray districts by descriptive-analytic method on 54 villages from 124 villages of the studied area. To determine the relationship between the variables, the model of equations of Structure and the graphic AMOS software were used. The results of Pearson test showed that according to the governing approach of the planning system and the characteristics of the villages, none of the rural empowerment indices have been effective in promoting these indicators in the process of sustainable rural development. Also, based on the standard communication model (path analysis), the current planning approach to improve the rural empowerment indices in the sustainable rural development process based on the goodness fit index is undesirable. In fact the "Unproductive Empowerment" is still increasingly overcoming. Overall, the findings of the present study provide the necessary base for joint understanding of Collaborative planning. From the perceptual and epistemic points of view, it also seeks to coherence in the design of the basic lines of the modern notion of development and to help determine the framework of the work pattern of the new approach. In this way, provide the epistemic and riches are needed to help develop a sustainable rural development through the planning and operation of village development projects.

One of the effective indicators in shaping the sense of security is the style of rural architecture. In recent years, rural housing has undergone many changes through processes influenced by internal and external forces. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of modern architectural style on the physical security of rural settlements in Binalood, based on the CPTED approach. The present research is aimed at "applied" and in terms of the method and nature of "descriptive-analytical". In this research to assess the physical security of villagers and the style of modern architecture of Residents 8 villages in Binalood city were questioned. Out of a total of 6497 households in rural areas, a sample size of Cochran formula with a 0. 07% error, was selected for 190 households by stratified random sampling. The results of the study showed that the road quality index in the sample villages had an unfavorable condition with an average of 3. 05 and has had the least impact on creating the sense of security of the villagers. In contrast, vegetation index (with a mean of 3. 35) was more favorable and have had a greater impact on the sense of security of the inhabitants. Also, changes in the style of modern architecture in the studied villages on the resistance index of housing with a mean of 3. 14 had the highest effect and the index of organic architecture compliance with an average of 2. 89 was considered less. According to Pearson's correlation results, there is a significant and direct relation (0. 337) between modern architectural style and physical security sensation. The results of path analysis indicate that the architectural design index with the coefficient of influence of 0. 253 has the highest direct effect on the physical safety feel.

Rural-urban linkages include all economic, social, cultural and technological relations between urban and rural settlements. Disregarding of these relations in the regional developmental plans has led to inequity. In the context of explaining the relations between the urban and the rural, various views have been raised, including the center-periphery relations, the growth pole and etc. In most of these theories, the development of rural areas is dominated by urbans. However, in the regional network view, unlike other perspectives, rural areas, like urban areas, play an active role in a network of linkages for regional development according to their potentials and needs. The purpose of this research is to analyze the structures affecting rural-urban links based on the regional network approach in Anzal region of urmia. Therefore, with reviewing the theoretical and empirical literature, the effective indicators in rural-urban links were extracted and analysed using the F'ANP model, the combination of factor and network analysis, and AHP model, hierarchy analysis. AHP analysis was performed using questionnaire tool based on expert opinions and F'ANP analysis was based on data in databases. According to the results of F'ANP model, the amount of water resources with coefficient of 0. 157, social cohesion with coefficient of 0. 086 and migration rate with coefficient of 0. 086 and also based on the results of AHP model, the amount of water resources with coefficient of 0/271, literacy rate with coefficient of 0. 93 and the level of technology with coefficient of 0. 072 were the most important factors affecting rural-urban links.

Livability of urban spaces and their reproduction mechanism, form under the impact of huge occasional-local forces which creates the state that rules the situation. In other words, like every other phenomenon, there are so many superior forces behind the impermanence of urban zones and paying attention to these forces is a main and pivoted duty for the planners of the 21st century. Because for making decisions about urban areas which have problems, we need to move according to those forces and because there's a relationship between the communication of internal and external factors in advancement of problems and the recognition of forces which cause problems and issues. Among these issues, although living in outskirts cause other issues, but it still cause such problems or intensifies them. So the purpose of this study is to comprehend mechanisms which influence livability of unofficial zones of zanjan city which leads to production and reproduction of the current situation. This study is conducted with a descriptive-analytic approach which uses field study questionnaire for 328 statistical samples in the unofficial zones of zanjan city. The results of the current study shows that among different aspects of livability of unofficial zones, the somatic aspect with a coefficient of 5. 61 has the most influence on creating the current situation of livability of the unofficial zones of zanjan city. Also, the economic aspect with a coefficient of 0. 99, has the second place for creating the mentioned situation. Biological aspect with a 0. 81 and social aspect with a 0. 41 coefficient are in third and fourth place.