GEOCHEMISTRY
Year:2016 | Volume:4 | Issue:4|Papers Count:7

The Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex is located 65 km southwest of Kerman and 50km south of Rafsanjan. Region’s rocks contain both groups volcanic and plutonic rocks. Volcanic rocks include basaltic andesite, andesite-trachyandesite, dacite-trachyandesite and a sample belongs to the rhyolite rocks group. Plutonic rocks are granite, diorite and diorite to gabbro. Based on the EPMA analysis, pyroxene minerals are diopside and augite. According to the pyroxene composition, the rocks are plotted in the calc-alkaline area, showing magmatic arc environment. Temperature of the pyroxene crystallization of the volcanic rocks are in the range of 800 to 1200oC and the pressure was calculated between 4.8 to 11kb (average 1.8kb).

The study area is located in the north of Meydook porphyry copper deposit, north east of Shahr- babak. The volcanic rocks consist of basaltic andesite, andesite, trachyte and trachy-andesite and pyroclastic deposits are mainly lithic tuffs and trachyte tuffs. Plutonic to subvolcanic rocks are combined with dolerite. The rocks are formed during 4 magmatic phases from Eocene to Pliocene. The first stage is altered dark basalts with Lower Eocene age (the oldest magmatic activity in this area). The Second stage is andesite, dark green to brown trachyte and with volcanic breccias with middle to upper Eocene age. The third stage is porphyry andesite with very coarse-grained phenocrysts with Upper Eocene to Oligocene age. The fourth stage consists of some ore-bearing porphyry intrusives with acidic domes belonging to middle Miocene to Pliocene age. Based on geochemical data, trace and REE element diagrams the rocks are calc-alkaline in nature. The study of volcanic rocks shows a relative enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (eg., K, Ba, Rb) and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE) Nb, Ti, Eu normalized to chondrites and primitive mantle. In the geochemical-tectonic diagrams, the volcanic rocks of north of Meydook copper deposit show a close relationship having formed in an active continental margin. Geochemical evidence reveals a common magma source for volcanic rocks which had been formed in a subduction zone. The results are consistent with magmatism in Urmia-Dokhtar belt.

Plants are exposed to significant environmental pollutants due to using of water and soil. In addition, the impact of pollutants on plant growth, their application as fodder resulted in the transfer of pollutants into human food chain. The ability of metal accumulation in plants can be used to purify the polluted ecosystems. In this study, the accumulation of chromium in soil and vegetation was investigated in Mayan plain around the leather manufacturing industries located in the Southwest of Tabriz. Six species of Phragmites sp., Salsola sp., Lycium sp., Asparagina sp., Halotis pilosa, Chenopodium sp., in 56 independent samples along with the soil samples were collected and analyzed. For identification and analysis of chromium uptake by plants, transmission coefficients of BCF, BTC and BAC were used. The results showed that the transmission from root to shoot ratio for Salsola sp., Halotis pilosa and Phragmites sp. is more than 1 which reflects the ability of chromium accumulation in shoots of the three species. The highest transmission ratios of root to shoot, are found in Phragmites sp., (7.17-18.2), Salsola sp. (1-12.45) and Halotis pilosa (1.01-2.6). Considering the high chromium accumulation in shoots with the purpose of using these three species, phytoremediation is proposed as a potential improvement method.

Today, water is considered as one of the factors of improvement and economic growth of communities. Therefore, the optimal management of water resources, particularly freshwater is one of the most important programs of countries. The aim of this study is to determine the source and concentration of elements and dissolved compounds in Lalehzar groundwater. Lalehzar plain is located in 75 kilometers southeast of the Bardsir and southwest of Kerman, in central Iran structural zone and in the southeast of the volcanic belt of Urmia-Dokhtar with Tertiary geological formation. The dominant lithology in the study area are conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, tuff, volcanic conglomerate, sandy marl, granite, andesite, basalt, basaltic lava and pyroclastic rocks. In order to study the groundwater quality in the area 14 samples were analyzed for concentration of cations, anions and some trace elements. From statistical techniques, principal component and cluster analysis in SPSS and GIS software was used to analyze the changes in concentration of elements. In principal component analysis were put the elements in 3 groups (factor). Nitrate and sulfate, potassium and bicarbonate may have anthropogenic and agricultural origin. But bicarbonate derived from dissolution by mixing of meteoric water with atmospheric CO2 which shows an increase in some samples. In general, it can be said that the elements in the water, are derived by the silicates hydrolysis, rainwater and condensation during of the evaporation. Heavy metal concentrations are even below the detection limit of the analysis and also the standards of WHO and EPA.

Tange-Goorak exploration area is located in 75 km from the southeast of Eqlid town in Fars province, in the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic zone. Geochemical studies were done in scale of 1:25000 by using stream sediment method in an area of about 168 km2 to determine the mineralization potential zones in this area. In this research based on a design of sampling network, 918 samples were selected from streams and analyzed with ICP-OES method. Geochemical data were processed by univariate and multivariate statistical methods by using SPSS statistical software and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method; location of probable anomalies and promising areas were determined and drawn as anomaly maps by Arc GIS software. Based on geochemical statistical analysis and also anomaly maps for Au and Cu, two mineral potential areas are introduced as promising zones as first and second priority exploration zones. Field studies show that these anomalies are related to metamorphic rocks, silicic veins and alteration zones are caused by hydrothermal fluids.

Volcanic products of the Terishkuh area belong to the Kerman Cenozoic magmatic arc (Dehaj-Sarduyeh belt) and they are located at the southern part of the Urmia-Dokhtar volcanic belt. The Eocene andesite-basalt volcanic units lie on these rocks. Lithological composition of the lower part of the Terishkuh area contains sequence of trachybasalt with hyaloporphyritic, microlitic porphytic, glomroporphyritic texture and pyroclatics.With increasing the altitude, lava flows are eliminated and volcanic activities are appeared as fissure eruption and dikes. The composition of dikes is basaltic-andesite and trachyandesite and most of them have porphyry microlithic texture. Due to the rapid ascent of magma, dikes and lava flows show contamination and mixing processes since some evidence is observed of non-equilibrium crystallization conditions in the magma, such as oscillatory zoning or sieve texture in plagioclases. Pyroclastic products are varied and include brecciated pyroclastics, ignimberites, crystal tuffs and volcanic ash. Spherolithic, eutaxitic, and amygdaloidal textures are found in these deposits. The lithological classification of samples on the TAS diagram shows wide compositional range from basalt to rhyolite belonging to the moderate to high potassium calc-alkaline series. Studied rocks show meta-aluminous affinity and they show more enrichment of LREE and LILE than HREE and HFSE. This element distribution model is characteristic of subduction-related rocks or the rocks that are contaminated by upper crust. Fractional crystallization and enrichment of a fluid played a significant role. Based on the above facts, low MgO content of rhyolitic and trachy basaltic rocks and also negative anomaly of P, it is suggested that acidic lavas probably derived from basaltic lavas. As a result, this complex has been developed in a magmatic arc belonging to an active continental margin environment.

Discharge of Zarshuran and Agh Darreh streams and travertine springs into Sarouq River and Zarrineh rood Dam lead to arsenic and other heavy metal contamination in water and sediment samples. Comparison with average world river concentration indicate that Sarouq River is highly polluted with As, Sb and Hg. Geo-accumulation index revealed that sediments were seriously polluted by As, Hg and Sb. The relatively higher Kd values observed for Hg, Al, Pb, Cu and Mn indicate their preferential association and enrichment in sediments and suggest that they are characterized by a low geochemical mobility in oxidizing Eh and alkaline pH. While lower values for As and Sb suggest that they mostly remains in water. According to multivariate statistical results, travertine springs are only the source of arsenic in sediment samples, while the other metals are derived from mining activity. Calculated ecological risk index (RI) and potential ecological risk factor (Ei) values suggesting that ecological quality of Sarouq River and two tributaries is very low.