SPORT SCIENCES QUARTERLY
Year:2010 | Volume:2 | Issue:5|Papers Count:8

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between A/B personality types and coping styles in Rasht athletes. Statistical population consisted of all adult athletes (N=136) in badminton, handball, table tennis, football, basketball, track and field, boxing, wrestling, gymnastic, karate, canoe, taekwondo and volleyball in Rasht clubs who completed A/B personality type questionnaire with 25 questions (yes/no/I don’t know), and coping styles questionnaire (CSKA) with 32 questions measured four coping strategies: problem focused coping, emotional focused coping, avoidance coping and transcendence coping. The researchers estimated the internal reliability of A/B personality type questionnaire as r=0.90 and CSKA questionnaire as r=0.80. In the present study, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was utilized with 40 athletes to determine the internal reliability of A/B personality type questionnaire (r=0.78) and CSKA questionnaire (r=0.73). Data were analyzed with Kendall correlation coefficient and Chi square (P£0.05). Findings showed that athletes used various coping styles, and they used in problem focused coping more and avoidance style less. Also, Results indicated no significant relationship between A/B personality types and coping styles. At last, there was no significant relationship between coping styles and athletes’ age, gender, sport type (individual and group sports). It seems that athletes use various coping styles in stress conditions, and it does not depend on their A/B personality type, age, gender and sport type.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of 8 weeks aerobic training on blood pressure and blood glucose in patients with hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.This experimental and applied study was done in diabetes clinic at Bandar Mahshahr O.P.D. Forty patients (Male & Female) with up to 140/90 mmHg blood pressure and 120 mg/dl glucose were studied. The subjects were in the age range of 40-66 years.The volunteer subjects were selected and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group consisted of 20 patients (10 males and 10 females) taking part in aerobic training at 60-75% HRRmax, three sessions a week and sixty minutes per session. Then blood pressure, fasting blood glucose Test, weight and BMI were measured before and after the training. The control group, however, received no intervention. The results of this study showed that systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose , weight and BMI decreased in the experimental group (p<0.05) the difference between the two groups in blood glucose, weight and BMI in experimental and the control group was not significant (p>0.05).However, the difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in males and females in the experimental and control groups was significant after the training (p<0.05).Compared to females, the difference in BMI in males was also significant for the experimental group (p<0.05), but the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose and weight in males in the experimental group showed no significant difference compared to females (p>0.05).The results overally, showed that 8 weeks aerobic training for eight weeks has more effect on systolic and diastolic pressure and caused more reduction in the experimental group. BMI in males was also reduced more than to females.

The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin mineral supplements on 100m crawl record after a period of strenuous training in female elite swimmers. 24 female elite swimmers (age 12.93 1.22 years, weight 45.80 10.39 Kg, height 153.07 12.93 cm) volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly divided into two groups: vitamin-mineral supplemented (N=12) and control (N=12). Both groups participated in a swimming program for one month, 3 sessions a week and swam almost 3.5 to 4 km per session. 100 m crawl records were measured at the beginning and at the end of the swimming period. Paired sample t test and independent t test were used to analyze data.Results showed that 100m crawl record decreased in both groups which was not significant. There was no significant difference between the groups as well. The results also indicated that vitamin-mineral supplements had no positive effect on elite swimmers’ performance.

The purpose of this study was to compare burnout between athlete and non-athlete staff. For this purpose, Maslach burnout inventory was used to measure burnout. The parts of this inventory were “emotional exhaustion, reduced feeling of personal accomplishment and depersonalization. Out of 1200 staff of Ministry of Labor, 290 subjects were randomly selected (113 subjects were athletes and 178 were non-athletes). The results of burnout inventory showed that frequency and intensity of burnout parts such as emotional exhaustion, reduced feeling of personal accomplishment and depersonalization were significantly lower in athletes than non-athletes.

The aim of this study was to describe and survey the relationship between anthropometric characteristics and physiological performance of male university students (futsal players) of Area Five of Islamic Azad University. Out of 100 players of 10 top teams, 30 players (age range 18-22 years) were selected through stratified random sampling.Players’ anthropometric variables (weight, height, body mass index and body fat percentage) and physiological performance (aerobic power of 12 min. run, anaerobic power of vertical jump, Semo agility and 20m sprint) were measured. The analysis of Pearson correlation test showed a relationship between body mass index and 20 m sprint (r=-0.42), VO2max (r=-0.35), agility (r=0.56), anaerobic power (r=0.36). There was a relationship between height and aerobic power (r =0.36) and anaerobic power (r=0.36). There was also a relationship between body mass index and 20 m sprint (r=-0.38). This study provided a scientific rational behind the coaches’ practice of selecting young futsal players according to their anthropometric characteristics for short-term benefits such as heavier players for better physical performance. However, this does not justify such a practice in the long term process of developing players.

The purpose of this study was to compare dominant educational philosophy in physical education students with a view to gender and university.266 male and female physical education students of Islamic Azad Universities of east of Tehran, Ayatollah Amoli, Babol and Arak were evaluated by “philosophy preference assessment” questionnaire (conducted with Wise and Bondy, 2002). This questionnaire included 40 questions in 5 philosophical subunits “idealism, perennialism, realism, experimentalism, existentialism”. Ayatollah Amoli males used all philosophies to a same extent, but females selected significantly idealism. East of Tehran and Babol males and females’ philosophy preference was significantly idealism. Arak males selected significantly realism.However, the preferred philosophy of the majority of males and females was idealism, but, our results showed the effect of gender on selecting power. Also, the difference among universities showed a disagreement among the teachers of this course.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of exercise at 85% VO2max (30 min.) with prolonged exercises at a lower work rate (60% VO2max for over 1.5 h) on blood leukocyte counts and the percent of blood leukocyte subsets in young male athletes. Fifteen athlete male university students (mean±SD age 22.3±2.6 yr, weight 65.5±5.72 kg and height 174.2±3.64 cm) participated in this study. After physical examinations, subjects performed running on an electrical treadmill at 60% VO2max (90 min.). In next session with an interval of not more than one week, subjects performed exercise on the same treadmill at 85% VO2max for 30 min. Blood samples were collected from a peripheral arm vein before and immediately after the exercise sessions and served to determine total and differential leukocyte counts.The obtained data were analyzed by MedCalc statistical software and t-tests. Both exercise bouts significantly (p<0.05) increased blood leukocyte counts. Mean blood leukocyte increased from 6.4±0.79 to 10.26±3.3 and from 6.32±0.75 to 9.85±2 (×106/ml) after exercise at 60% VO2max (1.5 h) and 85% VO2max (30 min.) respectively. After exercise at a lower work rate for a longer duration, the percent of blood monocytes (1.25%) and neutrophils (11%) were significantly higher and the percent of blood lymphocytes (11.75%) were significantly lower than those observed at 85% VO2max. However, no significant differences were observed in the percent of blood monocytes after both exercise bouts (p<0.05).The results showed that when exercise is very prolonged, the diminution of innate immune function is greater than or at least as much as that observed after fatigue exercise at higher work rates. However, the sum of acute responses observed in this study may be used to improve health in athletes, but obviously it is necessary to conduct further studies.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between transformational and transactional management styles of managers and organizational commitment of physical education staff and professors of district 13. The present research was descriptive correlation survey and was performed in a field research method.The statistical population consisted of all 20 Islamic Azad university branches in district 13. This population was selected as the sample of this research. Transformational and transactional management styles and organizational commitment standard questionnaires were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between transformational management style of managers and organizational commitment of staff. In addition, there was a significant relationship between transactional management style of managers and organizational commitment of staff and professors as well. Also, there was no significant relationship between demographic characteristics of staff and professors (age, gender, educational degree, occupational career) and their organizational commitment.