JOURNAL OF VETERINARY CLINICAL RESEARCH
Year:2012 | Volume:3 | Issue:3 (11)|Papers Count:8

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. In this disease, decrease activity of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and dopamine level in the striatum. There is much evidence in effect of oxidative stress as pathogen agents of Parkinson’s disease progression. Angiotensin II activates NADPH depending oxidases and produce superoxides formation. Morus nigra L. extract shows good Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory effects, in Vitro. The aim of this study is to study the antioxidant effects of Morus nigra L. leaf extract on Parkinson’s disease symptoms and oxidative stress markers. 48 male rats divided randomly into four groups (n=12 each): I) sham, (2) toxin, (3) captopril, (4) treatment. Rats in sham group were used as normal controls. Rats in toxin group were injected with 6-0HDA. Captopril group were injected i.p. with Captopril (5 mg/kg) daily 6 days before and 4 & 24 hrs after the injection of 6-0HDA and treatment group were injected i.p. with Morus nigra L. (10 mglkg) extract daily 6 days before the injection of 6-0HDA in the substantia nigra and 4 & 24 hrs after it. Muscle stiffness, rotation test and histological test were assessed in 6 rats of any groups after 2 weeks. Protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and ACE activity were assessed in brain in 6 rats of any groups 24 hrs, after the 6-0HDA injection. The results suggested that the use of aqueous extract of Morus nigra can be useful in reduction of Parkinson’s disease symptoms and reduce oxidative stress markers and dopaminergic neuronal death.

Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) are responsible for significant economic losses in chicken industry, thus identification of virulence genes and their prevalence can be helpful to preventative methods such as productions of vaccine. The pathogenicity of APEC strains is due to a variety of several virulence factors that expressed by several genes. In this study, 60 E.coli strains were selected from cases of avian colibacillosis in commercial broilers from Golestan province. DNA was extracted by boiling method and three important virulence genes, iss, ompT and iroN, were detected by multiplex PCR. iss is one of the important gene in increased serum survival. iroN involves in iron acquisition mechanism and ompT encodes protease, which has been shown to cleave colicins. Prevalence of iss, ompT and iroN genes were detected in 38.3%, 43.3% and 40% of isolates respectively and 35% of isolates were positive for the presence of three genes altogether. With regard to final results and the existence of varieties in frequency of these genes in different parts of the world it concluded that virulence factors were different in different parts of the world because virulence factors are multifactorial phenomenon. It seems that these isolates are opportunistic E.coli and because of existence of predisposing factors they could cause disease in poultry.

In this study which was conducted from Ordibehesht 1389 to Mehr 1390, a total of 265 wild rabbits were investigated from which 117 (44.2%) were contaminated with Eimeria Protozoa. In this study, the contamination of wild rabbits, mature and immature, abundance of Coccidiosis, geographically disturbed and common species, sexual distribution rate in the host, and the rate of excreted oocytes and its relation with onset of contamination, its effect on age and number of Eimeria species responsible for onset of the disease, and etc. were evaluated. The contamination percentage of positive samples of each province compared to total samples of the province were observed to be 80.2% for Adabil, 87.2% for Western Azarbayjan, and 76.2 for Eastern Azarbayjan. Results showed that among the investigated immature rabbits, 91 were contaminated with Eimeria. Mean of oocytes excreted in mature rabbits was 35.53 per gram of feces. But this amount was 30.18 per gram of feces for immature rabbits. Contamination in immature rabbits was more than mature rabbits and this relation was significant (p=0.0490 and p=0.0348).

Ultrasonography is an accurate method to assess anatomical variations and histopathological changes of thyroid gland. It is considered as a clinical index to detect some diseases of thyroid gland in different mammalian species. There is no study about ultrasonography of normal thyroid gland in goats. The present study was designed to ultrasonographic evaluation of the parenchyma and the lobes of healthy thyroid gland in different dimensions, in male and female goats. The study was conducted on 14 adult goats (7 male, 7 female). In order to confirm healthy thyroid gland, clinical examinations were performed and T3 and T4 hormones were measured before accomplishing ultrasonography. Thyroid area on the neck was shaved and washed. Ultrasonography was performed on the neck midline bilaterally, from cranial to caudal and from left to right to find each lobe of thyroid gland. Thereafter, the echogenecity of the gland was determined. Length, width and height of the each lobe and also the size of isthmus were measured. The scan results of this study showed a fusiform shape of the gland in sagittal plane and an oval or roughly triangular structure in transverse plane. The echogenecity of the gland is less than the surrounding adventitia but more than the neck muscles. The parenchyma was hornogenously echogenic and thyroid lobs were marginated properly. The means of length, width and height in the right lobe were 2.39, 0.52, 0.90 cm respectively. These numbers in the right lobe of male goats (and females) were 2.25 (2.54), 0.47 (0.57), 0.78 (1.03) cm. The means of length, width and height in the left lobe were 2.34, 0.55, 0.83 cm respectively. These numbers in the left lobe of male goats (and females) were 2.25 (2.43), 0.51 (0.59), 0.77 (0.89) cm. The mean of isthmus was 0.20 cm in the both genders. According to the results, the length of the right lobe, the width of the right lobe and the width of the left lobe were significantly larger in the females goats (p<0.05). The height of the right lobe was significantly larger in the females goats (p<0.05). The width of the left lobe was significantly larger than the right lobe in all goats of this study (p<0.05).

For the purpose of identifying the most probable type of yeast which manifests the milk claws, 15 industrials farms, which held Holstein cattle for milk production, were selected randomly. Samples were taken from the internal surface of the liners by sterile swabs and then the samples were taken to the mycology laboratory. The samples were cultured in sabourauds dextrose agar and kept in room temperature. The final and definite recognition was done by the yeasts recognition kit (Rapid yeast plus system). The type of yeasts which detected were include: C.albicansl C.krusei C.rugosal Cryptococcus.neoformanse, Cryptococcus.humiculus, Cryptococcus.albicus, Rodotrola.rubra, Geotrichum.candidum, Trichosporon.beigelly, Sporodiobolus.salmonicolor, In this study relationship between number of milk claws washing per day and type of disinfected solution with detection of saprophyte yeasts were also considered.

Bulk milk somatic cell count (SCC), somatic cell score (SCS) and total bacterial count (TBC) are the most important milk health parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate SCC, SCS and TBC in a dairy herd of Khuzestan province. A general linear model (GLM) procedure was used for analyzing of data, The result showed effects of year and month are significant on variation of SCC, SCS and TBC. The highest and lowest see and SCS were observed in September and January respectively and the highest and lowest TBC was observed in January and May. The result showed SCC, SCS and TBC increased significantly over time, and it implies the quality of milk decreased in mentioned years. It seems to control this upward movement applying new policies is necessary. In addition, high total bacterial count showed pasteurization is necessary to produce more healthy milk.

A two months male Sharpie puppy, 4 kg body weight has been referred to small animal clinic with forelimb non-weight bearing lameness, limb deformity and varus deviation of forepaw. History taking showed that puppy did not undergo with any trauma and also did not suffer from any systemic disease. Craniocuadal and lateral- medial radiographs were shown congenital absence of radius. Then surgical correction was recommended after 6 month age. This case study showed that congenital hemimelia is group of congenital deficiencies that occur in young dogs and cats. Therefore surgeons take the hereditary deformities into consideration with accurate diagnostic imaging and apply for staged corrective surgeries.

In spring of 2012, two ewes of a sheep flock from west region of Alborz province with neurological disorders as circling, dullness, depression, incoordination and anorexia were referred to veterinary school hospital of Islamic Azad University of Karaj branch. On initial examination, Central Nervous System lesions were suspected. In order to confirm the diagnosis, one of them was utanaized. Macroscopic findings in necropsy were leptomeningial opacity, cloudy cerebrospinal fluid and meningeal vessels congestion. Many foci of yellow-brown discoloration (0.1 mm in diameter) were seen in brain stem section. Microscopically, neuronal necrosis, gliosis, perivascular cuffing, neutrophilic micro abscesses and meningoencephalitis were observed. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from brain samples and CSF in bacteriological Lab. On the basis of macroscopic signs, histopathological findings and microbiological test results, meningoencephalic Listeriosis was detected in these cases.