RELIGION & COMMUNICATION
Year:2019 | Volume:26 | Issue:1 (55) |Papers Count:11

Cinema, despite its sublime artistic dignity and influence, has not been able to meet the needs of the Islamic Revolution of Iran even after more than three decades after the revolution. Lack of policy-making is one of the reasons for the status quo of cinema. Proper policy-making in an area is the result of properly distinguishing problems which arise from the gap between the current situation and the desired situation. The present study seeks to plot the current and the desired situation of cinema and to design a pattern for the formulation of cinema problems by analyzing the statements of the Supreme Leader of the revolution, as the chief policy maker of the country, considering the existing gap in the two situations. The most important findings of this research, obtained by Thematic Analysis, indicate that intentionally wrong entering of the cinema to the country from day one, the opposition’ s performance at the cultural front, and the lack of work, by artists and authorities of the own front, has caused numerous problems at three levels of the cinema, the theme, the form, and experts. However, the main concern, in the supreme leader's opinion regarding creating the Islamic cinema, is the quantitative and qualitative enhancement of the believer and revolutionary artists and the provision of the opportunity for them to emerge while other problems in that regard must be understood and prioritized in relation to the said concern.

Although nationalism is honored alongside the Islamic unity in the upstream documents of the government, in practice this concept has not been streamed in the next layers and has resulted in uncertainties and, therefore, has harassed cultural and public policy makers in this area, knowingly or unknowingly. Policymakers create a hermeneutic situation for themselves as a result of every stance they take, and their a posteriori understanding is under the impact of their a priori one. These are hermeneutic situation creators some of which have key roles in giving rise to a chain of hermeneutic situations in the domain of nationalism. In this research, by using the thematic analysis method, and also by using the ISM method the key hermeneutical situation creators are identified and explained. In the end, the most important hermeneutical challenges in the domain of nationalism based on hermeneutical situation creator relationships in the nationalism domain, have been analyzed.

A variety of occasional programs comprise a good portion of the post-revolutionary Iranian television production. Actually, a transformative feature of the Iranian national television and radio has been attending to a convergence of the society's cultural, historical and religious dimensions. One branch of this has been the gradual production of calendar-based programs, i. e. those which relate to different occasions. A unique coexistence of both the lunar and solar calendars next to Shia's high potential in this regard have shaped the foundations of the Iranian official chart of events. These programs, however, have been branded as uninvited guests due to their overall low quality and monotony, especially during Muharram ceremony. Some exceptional productions such as The Tenth Night, and Mukhtarnameh, have provided tinges of hope, but the point is that these occasional programs have not been accorded sufficient attention in research. The present article intends to fill this gap by providing a serious study of these programs and focusing on the ones shown in channel 1 in Muharram 1433 L. H. (1393 S. H. ). The survey period consists of ten days prior to the start of the mourning month till five days after Ashura (25 days altogether). The research basis is the ritual communication backed by a demographic approach, followed by recording and analyzing the religious grief feature with "constant comparison of the data" method as related to the Iranian TV ritual input and output. Among quality methods, demography is the one which contains enough flexibility for recording the visual hypertext transformations within 25 days of broadcasting programs by a TV channel. To do this, by watching and reviewing the daily programs of channel 1, the gradual changes in the setting and signs of each were described and recorded separately. This resulted in almost 200 pages of described data. The data were then processed in several phases according to category system and by using constant comparative technique, and finally the TV ritualization of grief was classified under metaphorical titles. The TV grief indexes as represented by channel 1 in the above-mentioned period are as follows: maximum pretense of grieving, weeping to a minimum, funereal grief, distinction between codes of passion and awareness, imposing start and unimpressive ending, solo grieving in the studio corner as opposed to community grieving in public, attending to mourning ritual more than mourning per se, historical representation from traditional media.

The research purpose is to examine the role of feature films' popular cast in shaping the audience’ s attitude and behavior, since these characters can act as suitable models for people’ s acceptance of chastity. The research method has been quantity analysis and its statistic population consisted of 36 hit feature films broadcast on TV. To analyze the data we used spss software together with descriptive and inductive statistics with 5% first type error. The results show that the specified films are lacking in appropriate characterization in regard to sticking to chastity, so they could not be taken as role models for the viewers. In general, one could say that TV hit feature films have failed to promote the culture of chastity by offering models.

The pilgrimage of Arbaeen, the 40th day of the martyrdom of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), which is exclusively reserved for and highly recommended by him, has continually been organized from Ashura in 61 AH onward. In recent years, the pilgrimage of Arbaeen has become the largest human congregation and a unique phenomenon in the world, so that some scholars consider it a miracle of the time. Those engaged in Arbaeen are highly diverse and demonstrate new behaviors and common norms during this celebration. This article gives an account of the behavior of the hosting Iraqi people and servitors during Arbaeen from the point of view of those at place. The research is qualitative and of an anthropological type. The data was collected through collaborative observation and both individual and group interviews conducted and classified by the researcher who has participated in the event on numerous occasions. Research findings include three themes or categories of tradition, blessing and kindness, In other words, the pilgrims, the behavior of the Iraqi people and their relentless service all along the path are ascribed to tradition (the traditional roots of the people including their custom of hospitality), blessing (the request for sustenance of blessings from Imams, in particular Imam Hussein) and ultimately an expression of disinterested love (devoting oneself to Imam (as) without any expectation of reciprocation).

In today's information age our individual lives are combined with the media, hence one of the most attractive amusements is watching animations. In recent decades, 3D animations, due to their unique technical specifications, attractiveness, and offering suitable grounds for transmitting diverse contents, have appealed to a vast number of people at different age levels. What counts here is the efforts made to provide educational products side by side with entertainment. Meanwhile, some included immoral contents have threatened the society's norms of modesty. This research has extracted some messages from the 3D Sausage Party animation (2016) produced by Hollywood's Columbia Pictures and analyzed it with an educational approach and use of quality content analysis. The obtained concepts led to the development of a duality at three levels, namely worldview, beliefs, and behaviors. Finally, a model is presented that shows each worldview can create its own sexual beliefs and consequently its unique chaste behavior in sexual domains.

Islamic Iran's encounter with modern communication technologies, especially the internet and cyberspace, has created a new situation in religious people's lives and a lack of media literacy and rational action can cause a lot of challenges in both individual and collective ethics. This article brings a theoretical analysis of cyber life by relying on the concept of chaste relations and discusses how ethical values, especially chaste relations, are expressed in the internet users' activities. To this end, we have formulated chaste cyber relations with a phenomenological method of understanding the religious people's life experience. The research results show that among key elements of the formation of chaste relations in cyber life one can refer to personal characteristics, commitment to religion, cyber literacy and chastity, virtual identity, and selecting one’ s virtual acquaintances. Hence, reaching a typology of users in four groups: well-aware religious person, simple religious person, unscrupulous religious person and liberal user. Besides, in the relation between the ethical-jurisprudential teachings about chastity and the essential issues in users’ typology, we reached a conceptual model of chaste relation in cyber life and some practical suggestions about achieving that.

The entire world was shocked by news was released in media at 2014: a semi state called Islamic State was founded by AbuBakr Al-Baghdadi who was reviving the golden age of Islamic Government, and asking men and women Muslims to swear allegiance to his state. This declaration caused western men and women to abandon family, education and bright future and migrate to Iraq and Syria. Although the state believes firmly in tradition of early Islam, it uses social media to impact on the people. Western Immigrants women recruit new members by means of narrating normal and Utopian aspects of ISIS. Everyday life theory and specifically Henri Lefebvre’ s theory are used and developed from normal situations into abnormal and unaccustomed ones. This research explains narrations and re-presentations of 38 western immigrants (using ISIS-focused reports) released in social networks about western societies, ISIS territory and also its Utopian aspects. The findings on the narration of western women immigrants show that everyday life in western societies was apparently ideal before migration, but these societies couldn’ t fulfill their spiritual needs. Based on their narrations, when they got closer to ISIS version of Islam, they assumed to found out the real meaning and the objectives of the life.

The course followed by the Islamic Revolution is to reach the new Islamic civilization. The stages of this evolution are: The Islamic Revolution, the Islamic system, the Islamic State, the Islamic society, and finally the new Islamic civilization. Now in the third phase of modern Islamic civilization, the burden of achieving the Islamic state is on the shoulders of the officials, especially the scholars engaged on humanities. One of the areas which is inevitably under the impact of the government is the dominant cultural atmosphere of the society. The question that arises here is that based on genuine religious sources, where are the limits of government intervention? The subject of this study is determining the extent of the government’ s intervention in the field of culture. Based on our findings, such factors like education, guidance of the people, setting the ground for conducting one’ s religious duties, and fighting against heresies, determine the levels of government’ s intervention in the field of culture. This intervention usually starts with wise sayings but culminates in armed confrontation. And the subtle point is that each of these methods must be utilized in one specific situation, but extending this method to other domains may result in irreparable harms.

One of the educational sex dimensions of the Fundamental Transformation Document of education is the bodybuilding and physical educational dimension, and one of the categories covered in this dimension is attention to sexual education. Sexual education is one of the challenging areas of education in various societies and this has led to the creation of many social problems and behavioral deviations among the younger generation. The present study aims to study the barriers of sexual education curriculum in high schools with a phenomenological approach. The data were collected using a semi-structured interview technique with Nineteen people included parents, teachers and principals in Tehran 6th district, with a purposeful sampling method and were analyzed based on the colazzi، s strategy. The results of this research identified the barriers to the sexual education curriculum at the high school in three Emergent Theme and nine Theme Clusters including family factors such as parental resistance and reluctance vs children sexual education, communication skills weakness between adolescents and parents, and the kind of viewing of adolescent sexuality from the viewpoint of adults, also organizational factors such as, dramatic shortage of sexual education specialist teachers in education, restriction and challenges of educational resources in the field of sexual education, support and policy weakness of sexual education in context of Islamic education and challenge of desire interaction between home – school. and finally Sociocultural factors such as social sensitivity, personal and unbiased perceptions of religious foundations.

This article examines the impact of social networks on female users’ hijab with an emphasis on religious dimensions. The statistical population was the active users on Instagram. The instruments of measuring were the locally adapted questionnaire of Glock and Stark Religious Involvement Measurement Model in five dimensions and the researcher’ s own designed questionnaire on hijab and covering. The formal and content validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by a number of professors and experts and its reliability was assessed through a preliminary test using Cronbach's alpha in the religiosity variable (0. 911) and hijab and covering (0. 751) variables. Data analysis was conducted at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics using spss/21 software. The findings of this study showed that there is an inverse relationship between the amount of social network use, the degree of satisfaction and the level of trust in social networks with the user’ s hijab. However, the relationship between the dimensions of religiosity (religious beliefs, religious dimension, consequential dimension and emotional dimension) was found to be directly and positively correlated with the hijab of the users. Also, through the path analysis, it was proved that the degree of religiosity has a strong impact on how the users cover their bodies. The variables like the degree of using social networks, aspects of ritual and belief-related variables, trust in social networks, satisfaction from social networks and consequential side of religiosity have, in the order given, the highest impact on the tendency towards hijab and the users' body covering.