Health and Development Journal
Year:2014 | Volume:3 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

Background: Given the significant role of mothers on mental, social and physical growth of children, this study was performed to determine and compare the behavior problems of 7 to 9-year-old children based on having working or housewife mothers.Methods: This study is an analytic cross-sectional study with 160 students in two groups of 80 with working or housewife mothers. In order to collect information the Ratter questionnaire was used. Data was analyzed with SPSS 18 and through descriptive analytical statistics using the chi-square, t-test and Spearman correlation coefficient.Results: Worry, sleep disorders, disobedience and difficulty in eating were more among the children with employed mothers; and nervousness was more among those with non-working mothers. Behaviors such as uncontrolled urination, difficulty in eating, sadness, disobedience, trouble in sleeping, nervousness, excessive crying, distraction, and tantrums were significantly more among boys; while nausea, and tongue tie were significantly more among girls. There was a relationship between parents’ educational level and children’s behavioral and psychic disorders and these problems were higher in lower education.Conclusions: In this study, there were behavior problems in children of working mothers and housewives as well. It is necessary to carry on more research about the causes of these disorders.

Background: Intranasal and paranasal sinus masses are divided into neoplastic and non-neoplastic. This study was designed to evaluate the frequency and histopathology pattern of the nasal and paranasal masses in the otolaryngology department of Shafa Hospital during 2006-2011.Methods: This study was done based on 146 medical records at the ENT department of Shafa Hospital during 6 years from 2006 to 2011, and the tumors were evaluated based on their pathological diagnosis. In this study, in addition to demographic information, disease symptoms and duration, location of the mass, allergy history and profession of the patient, was also recorded. T-test and chi- square were used for analyzing the results. The statistical software used was Excel and SPSS 16.Results: The average age of the patients was 37.8 and 60.3% were male. The most prevalent location for the tumors was the nasal cavity.88.4% of the masses were benign. Among the inflammatory masses allergic polyps were the most prevalent. Among the benign masses Hemangioma and Inverted papilloma and among the malignant masses, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma were the most prevalent. The most prevalent symptom in patients was nasal obstruction (91.1%).Conclusion: Most of the tumors of the nasal and sinus cavities occur in the nasal cavity and mainly present with nasal obstructions. Most of these tumors are inflammatory but a percent are malignant and should be paid attention.

Background: Colour in textile industry and dying wastewater is considered as one of the most important environmental pollutants. The aim of this study is determining the efficiency of removal of reactive Red 198 and Blue 19 by activated carbon that is extracted from the leaves of Mesquite.Methods: This research is an experimental –laboratory study in which the effect of variables in the efficiency of color removal from synthetic wastewater was studied. The parameters examined were the pH, reaction time, adsorbent dose and initial concentration of dye. Also, adsorption behaviour of dyes was evaluated by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms.Results: The results show that the color removal efficiency decreased with increase in pH, but increased with the increase in adsorbent dose, contact time and initial dye concentration. After 40 minutes, the reaction reached equilibrium and then clearly dropped. Color removal efficiency of reactive Red 198 in dye concentration of 60mg/l reached about 85.81% and for reactive Blue 19 in dye concentration 240 mg/l reached 97.43%. Langmuir adsorption model and Freundlich model were respectively the best models that the adsorption process followed for Reactive Red 198 and Reactive Blue 19.Conclusion: The efficiency of the prepared adsorbent in the removal of dyes from aqueous environment showed that it can be considered as an effective and inexpensive adsorbent in colored wastewater treatment processes.

Background: Diagnosis of malignant lymphadenopathy is particularly important for treatment planning, staging before treatment and also for determination of prognosis. Various diagnostic procedures which are expensive and invasive are now used for distinguishing malignant from benign lymphadenopathies. Ultrasound has been proposed as a non- invasive, cost effective and available procedure compared with other procedures. This study was conducted to evaluate some ultra sound parameters in distinction between malignant and benign superficial lymphadenopathies.Methods: Lymph nodes of 100 patients who were candidates for pathological evaluation of their superficial lymphadenopathy were evaluated sonographically. The most accessible lymph nodes were marked and then biopsied and sonographic results were compared with pathologic ones, and the sensitivity and specificity of the test and the appropriate cut off point was determined based on the ROC curve and by SPSS 17.Results: Of 100 evaluated nodes 55 nodes were benign and 45 nodes were malignant. The ratio of cortical thickness to medullary thickness was not significantly different between malignant and benign lymph nodes. There was a significant difference between blood supply pattern and average indices of PI (P=.007) and RI (P<.001) between benign and malignant lymph nodes. The best cutoff point of cortex thickness to differentiate malignant from benign lymphadenopathy with 62.2% sensitivity and 72.7% specificity and 70% accuracy was 7.95 mm.Conclusion: The color Doppler criteria in combination with gray scale sonography can be very helpful in choosing patients for biopsy or FNA, but cannot fully replace pathological evaluation.

Background: Incomplete drug adherence can cause problems for patients as well as physicians and cost billions of dollars each year throughout the globe. One of the tools that can help patients and physicians is short text messaging (SMS). This research aims to design and implement the first web-based software specified for medicine use in Iran and test its feasibility to send short message reminders to infectious disease patients and also patient acceptance, and satisfaction.Methods: In this qualitative action research, initially a software was designed for sending text messages to patients and then 30 patients were chosen purposefully in four weeks and were sent short text messages exactly based on clinicians’ prescribed order. After completing a treatment course, each patient was interviewed and questions were asked to assess patient’s satisfaction.Results: The result showed that all of the patients who received the text messages, believed that this method in comparison to their previous experience has helped them to use their medicine on time and correctly and they were keen to use this service in the future.Conclusion: Short text messaging can be used as an effective tool to remind patients to take their medicine correctly, and increase their satisfaction and compliance.

Background: Self-efficacy is one of the factors which is effective on promoting general health. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on self-efficacy theory on general health status of women.Methods: The study is an interventional study carried out on 130 women visiting a health center who were randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 65 people. The data collection instruments were the standard General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and standard Self-efficacy questionnaire (GSE). The educational intervention was designed based on the results from the initial test and the self-efficacy theory and was performed in two educational sessions lasting 60 and 55 minutes by group discussion, short lecture, questions and answers, demonstration, guidance, consultation and pamphlet. One month after the intervention, post tests were done. Data were analyzed and compared in SPSS 19 software by chi square, Correlation Co-efficient, Independent T and Exact Fisher tests.Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the mean of general health; self-efficacy and general health dimension scores between groups. But there were significant differences after intervention (respectively P=0.0001, P=0.045 and P=0.0001). There were significant inverse correlations between general health and self-efficacy and self-efficacy and number of children, but direct correlations between general health and number of children, after intervention.Conclusion: In designing interventions for improving women’s general health it is better to focus on their self-efficacy.

Background: Nowadays musculoskeletal disorders are considered as one of the major problems of the workplace and bank staff have been identified as a susceptible group to this disorder. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of bank staffs' musculoskeletal disorders in one of the south western cities of Iran and evaluate their workstations characteristics.Methods: This cross - sectional study was conducted on all bank staffs of one of Lorestan Province's cities in 2012. In order to determine the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders, the standard Nordic questionnaire was used. Workstations were evaluated according to check list. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS16.Results: More than 36 percent of employees had musculoskeletal disorder in one of the nine body zones. Statistically significant associations were found between work experience and musculoskeletal disorders in the neck and lower back; between duration of daily work and disorders of the shoulder; between working extra hours during the week with neck disorders; between marital status and lumbar disorders and between duration of exercise per week and knee disorders.Conclusion: The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is high among bank employees and risk factors such as working in sitting position for long hours, working too much with the computer, unadjustable chairs and inappropriate work station design have a significant role in musculoskeletal disorders. These disorders have to be reduced by proper ergonomic arrangement.

Background Physical activity in leisure time can increase life expectancy and cause enthusiasm, communication with others, participation in community activities and prevent withdrawal and malaise. This research studies the barriers of Kerman province’s wheel chaired people in participating in recreational activities.Methods: This study was cross-sectional. The statistical population contained all wheel chaired people of Kerman province and the sample was 276 that were chosen by convenient sampling method. The instrument was an author made questionnaire of “Participant barriers of Kerman province’s wheel chaired people” and the face and content validity (CVI=0.91) was confirmed by sport management professors. For validity exploratory factor analysis was used. Cronbach alpha and test retest was used to determine the reliability.Results: All leisure activities were lower than average. The mean of personal barriers effecting leisure time physical activities was lower than the average significantly. Prioritising personal barriers effecting physical activity showed a significant difference between the rankings of personal barriers and employment conditions was significantly more than other factors. The mean of structural barriers effecting physical activity in leisure time was lower than average. Ranking structural barriers showed that physical access was more than others. The mean of socio-cultural factors was significantly more than average and the view of friends, colleagues and acquaintances was significantly more than other factors.Conclusion: Wheel chaired people think most of the barriers are in relation with the attitudes of the society, coworkers and family. There are not considerable personal and structural barriers for participation in physical activity.