JOURNAL OF URBAN STUDIES ON SPACE AND PLACE
Year:2021 | Volume:5 | Issue:4 (20)|Papers Count:6

Being on the path towards sustainable development is the most central principle to realize a suitable and desirable future for the cities and metropolises of the country. Rules and regulations of urban development is the most important component of shaping urban settlements. This indicates that the more the implementation of these rules in the matter of construction is observed, the quality of the foundation and body of urban settlements will be higher and accordingly, the wave of migration of citizens due to dissatisfaction with the physical quality of the residence will be prevented. Preventing inappropriate migration of citizens is directly related to preserving resources and moving towards sustainable development. In this research, the rules and regulations of urban development are divided into ten components: frontage and balcony rules, parking rules, footpath rules, height rules, access and crossing rules, user rules, facade rules and urban landscape rules, disability adaptation rules, area and occupation level rules, the standards of supervision and lighting spaces were divided and reflected in the citizens’,questionnaire. The level of satisfaction of the citizens of the third district of Isfahan with the implementation of these criteria was investigated by a questionnaire and with a 5-option Likert scale. The results of the questionnaire using the sample t-test showed that according to the average answer of 3, the significance level of the variables was less than 0. 05 and the level of satisfaction of the citizens with the implementation of the urban planning regulations in the target area was lower than the normal level and this caused an increase The tendency of citizens to immigrate indiscriminately and ultimately use God’, s resources and facilities without a plan, especially in the construction industry, is against the principles of moving towards sustainable development. Therefore, the necessary solutions for the optimal effectiveness of urban development rules and regulations in the 3rd district of Isfahan and moving towards sustainable development should be explained.

This research was conducted with a quantitative and qualitative approach and is mainly descriptive and analytical and based on the use of statistical method, library documentary method and surveys. In document studies, available internal and external sources related to informal settlement and accreditation and improvement in informal settlement and existing reports and analyzes about Zainabiyah neighborhood have been used. Also,in survey and field studies, the interview questionnaire and observation of the physical, social and economic condition of Zainabiyah neighborhood have been used. After extracting the sample population using Cocharan`s formula, 384questionnaires were filled among the residents of Zainabiye neighborhood and 15 questionnaires were filled among the employees of urban organizations (Esfahan Regional Municipality, Isfahan Civil and urban Development Organization) and the data obtained in the software SPS statistical analysis was tested, and Spearman`s statistical test was also used to test the data. based on the result in the first assumptions of Spearman`s correlations between the variable of central participation and the improvement of part of Zainbiye neighborhood at a significant level and with 0. 000 and with 95%confidence it can be said that there is a relationship is the effective factor in the improvement and improvement of Zainbiye neighborhood of Isfahan. In the second hypothesis Spearman`s correlation between the variable of awareness and the improvement of Zainabiyah neighborhood is at significance level of 0. 000and with 95%confidence, it can be said that there is a significant relationship between these variables. The intensity of the relationship between the variable 921. 0wich shows that there is a direct and positive relationship between the variable that is awareness is an effective factor In the promotion and improvement of Zainbiye neighborhood of Isfahan. In the third hypothesis, Spearman`s correlation between the variable of institutionalization and the improvement of Zainabiyah neighborhood is at a significant level of 0. 000 and with 95%it can be said with confidence that there is a significant relationship between these variables, the intensity of the relationship between the variables is equql to 878. 0wich indicates a direct and positive relationship between the variables, that is, the satisfaction of the residents is an effective factor in the improvement of Zainabiye neighborhood of Isfahan. in the fourth hypothesis of Spearmans`s correlation between the variable of resident`s satisfaction and the accreditation and improvement of zainabiyah neighborhood at a significant level of 0. 000 and 95% confidence it can be stated that there is a significant relationship between the variables. the intensity of the relationship between the variable is equal to 878. 0 which indicates a direct and positive relationship. The direction of the bartender is an effective and improvement of the neighborhood.

The growth of the urbanization process in the world has brought many issues and problems, including the lack of housing. In order to solve the issues and problems of the housing sector, it is necessary to examine the status of various indicators in this sector, because based on it, the priorities of actions and programs can be determined. After the need for food and clothing, housing is the most important human need, and its lack and poor quality affects all aspects of people’, s lives, and its lack of provision causes many basic problems in various aspects of life. Housing is the most important element of the city, which is of great importance in the sustainable development of the city, because the development of housing, in addition to the environment, also affects the economy, culture, and social issues. Sustainable housing is considered an important matter in order to increase and improve the quality of life of the current and future generations. Scientific investigation and analysis of quantitative and qualitative issues of housing requires the use of housing indicators. Housing indicators represent the economic, social, cultural and physical conditions of settlements. Housing indicators also form the main foundation of a comprehensive plan. Today, attention to the housing sector is felt more and more in the form of national, regional and urban planning, so that the problems and problems of the citizens can be solved by using planning knowledge and techniques. . In this regard, the present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the quantitative and qualitative indicators of housing in Khomeinishahr city in the period of 1375-1395. This research is of an applied type in terms of its purpose, and in terms of its nature and research method, it is a descriptiveanalytical research type, and in terms of its information gathering method, it is a library and documentary research type. The indicators examined in this research include 10 quantitative indicators (density of people per residential unit, density of households per residential unit, average room per residential unit, density of people per room, density of households per room, rooms per household, number of residential units per thousand people, number of rooms per thousand people, lack of residential units, ratio of increase of households to residential units) and 4 quality indicators (life of residential unit, ratio of suitable housing in terms of durability of buildings and their materials, manner of occupying residential units and facilities and facilities of residential units). The required information is mainly obtained from the results of the general population and housing censuses and the statistical yearbooks of Isfahan province. Investigating the quantitative indicators of housing in Khomeini Shahr shows the improvement of the housing situation in all the studied indicators, so that the indicators of population density in a residential unit and household density in a residential unit are from 5. 64 and 1. 25, respectively. In 2015, it was improved to 3/39 and 1/04 in 2015. The average index of a room in a residential unit increased from 26. 3 in 1375 to 56. 3 in 1395, and the indices of density of people in a room and density of households in a room increased from 1. 73 and 0. 38 in 1375, respectively. It reached 0. 95 and 0. 29 in 2015. The room index for each household has increased from 2. 61 in 1375 to 3. 42 in 1395, and the indicators of the number of residential units per thousand people and the number of rooms per thousand people are 177. 29 and 577. 18 per year. 1375 and 295/35 and 1051/82 in 1395 also had an upward trend. Also, the housing unit shortage index has also improved, and decreased from 19. 77% in 1375 to 12. 21% in 1385 and 3. 91% in 1395, which shows the adequate supply of housing in It has been during the last 20 years. Based on the calculations, it was found that the housing situation in Khomeini Shahr city in terms of qualitative indicators also had a favorable trend in most of the investigated indicators, and the only qualitative index that decreased was the index of the occupation of residential units. In such a way that the occupation of the arena and nobles (land and buildings) has decreased from 74. 06% in 1375 to 72. 54% in 1385 and 62. 66% in 1395. The ratio of suitable housing or durable residential units (durability of buildings and their materials) has increased from 70. 04% in 1375 to 86. 26% in 1385 and 91. 92% in 1395. In terms of the life index of residential units, more than 50% (53. 42%) of the houses and residential units of Khomeini Shahr city have been built in the last 20 years. In terms of the index of the percentage of housing facilities, the amount of residential units benefit from electricity, piped water, piped gas and landline telephone from 94. 35%, 87. 68%, 25. 07% and 36. 09%, respectively. It has increased to 99. 86%, 99. 54%, 99. 63% and 89. 74% in 2015.

Apart from housing, houses can have other different functions such as the platform for various social, cultural and political activities. In addition, the construction of houses and its internal and external facades are affected by the social, climatic, political and cultural situations of the region and its residents, and this is the reason why there is a great variety in terms of the appearance of houses in different places, as well as a special style in a region. we are witness. One of the important features of Isfahan is the presence of Armenians in the Jolfa area of Isfahan, who are culturally different from other residents of Isfahan, i. e. Muslims, and the question arises as to how this differentiation of culture in the context of Isfahan with the dominant culture of Islam can be found in Isfahan. Armenian houses have been revealed. This article investigates these aspects of distinction and commonality by examining two houses of Khajah Patros and Sukias house. What is clear in this study is that the Armenians of Jolfa, Isfahan, although for some reasons, built their houses influenced by the houses of Isfahan,But they have also imposed their cultural characteristics on their houses, which is more noticeable in its interior.

After housing, the office space is the most important space of daily life and determines the morale and mental health of its employees. Humans need nature more than ever, both mentally and physically. A need that has always been linked to human creation. Therefore, biophilic design helps architecture in order to respond to this human need to establish contact with nature, and biophilic design is a theory, the purpose of which is to continue a person’, s relationship with nature in daily environments, i. e. life and work. The main goal of this research, titled the effect of biophilic in the office unit to improve mental health, is to analyze and analyze how the biophilic design affects people, which can help to improve mental health and reduce harm in office spaces. To write this research from the descriptive-analytical method and by reviewing the library documents, the obtained results show that biophilic design has a positive effect on job performance and health damage in the workplace, and you will notice that health and stress are also investigated. An example of external items and modeling it with the help of biophil components is an optimization and use of natural light and the inspiring sound of nature and a suitable and neutral color that induces a sense of nature and texture and nature-oriented form for more quality in the work space. And I can show administrative and social activities between man and nature and reduce existing stress and tensions.

Pastures which cover around 25 and 55 percent of total area of the Earth and Iran, respectively, play a significant role in supplying livestock production, food security, protecting natural ecosystem, job creation, increasing the income of villagers and nomads, amplification of underground water reservoir, flood prevention and so on. These cause pastures to be referred as a key factor for sustainable development of countries. This present descriptive-analytical research is conducted with the aim of identifying the affective factors on pastures destruction and their protection approaches. The required information for studying 60 domestic and foreign articles as well as sites and relevant reports are gathered. The results reveal that several factors are involved in deterioration of pastures which can have different effects based on location and temporal conditions of various countries and regions. The most important factors are the increase of number of livestock and the absence of balance between livestock and pastures, premature grazing, transforming pastures to agricultural lands, continuous grazing, fire, bush cutting, military maneuvers, road construction and construction operations, weak management factors and the absence of effective dissuasive laws and regulations for pastures protections, drought, reduction of economic power and poverty of local communities, irregularities in and decrement of rainfalls, non-implementation of rangeland plans and insufficient attention to people’, s cooperation in preparation of such plans, lack of local knowledge utilization in pastures protection and decomposition of traditional and native social structures of beneficiaries. Finally, based on the findings, some solutions for pastures protection are proposed.