JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN DENTAL SCHOOL
Year:2022 | Volume:17 | Issue:4|Papers Count:15

Introduction: Juxta-apical radiolucency (JAR) is introduced as a new risk factor for inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury,following the removal of the third molar. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship of JAR to IAN, cortical plates, and its position with regards to IAN and tooth angulation. Materials & Methods: The present case-control study comprising a sample of 545 Cone Beamed CT scans of mandibular third molars examined 75 JAR cases and 75 control teeth. The relationship of JAR to IAN, its position with regards to IAN, lingual cortical plate thinning, teeth position and angulation were investigated. Descriptive analyses, chi-square and fisher exact tests were performed with a value of 0. 05 considered significant. Results: Mesioangular teeth were the most common in both groups. Based on tooth angulation, no significant difference was detected between case and control groups (p value = 0. 346). There was no significant difference between the two groups, with regards to JAR and tooth proximity to IAN (p value = 0. 578). Although, the most prevalent position in the JAR group was lingual and superior in the control group, but no significant difference was observed between them (p value = 0. 122). Most cases of JAR (84. 0%) and most cases of control group (77. 3%) showed some degree of cortical thinning. Based on this, no significant difference was present between the JAR and control groups (p value = 0. 626). Conclusion: JAR is generally in contact with mandibular canal and some degree of cortical thinning manifest in most of these cases. These findings suggest a possible increase in the risk of nerve injury during surgical removal of third molars.

Introduction: Due to the possible association between chronic sinusitis and anatomical variations of the area, the present study was performed to determine the prevalence of concha bullosa and nasal septal deviation and their association with chronic sinusitis to increase the success rate of nasal endoscopic surgery by eliminating the predisposing factors. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, CBCT images of maxilla from 100 patients referred to the radiology department of Hamadan Dental School in the year 2016-2017 were examined. Pneumatization of middle concha (concha bullosa) on sides, nasal septum deviation, and mucosal thickening were recorded. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test based on gender and age (p value ≤,0. 05). Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the mean age and sex with the presence of concha bullosa (p value > 0. 05). 50% of the samples had nasal septum deviation and 42% had chronic sinusitis displaying no significant difference between men and women (p value > 0. 05),Also, there was no significant difference between nasal deviation and chronic sinusitis (p value > 0. 05), although chronic sinusitis was significantly higher in people with concha bullosa and while concha Bullosa was significantly higher in people with nasal septal deviation (p value < 0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, concha bullose can be considered as a predisposing factor for chronic sinusitis.

Introduction: Teeth loss and its consequences, such as mental discomfort, most often negatively affects one's health and well-being. Dental implants were introduced in an attempt to raise patients' satisfaction and improve health and quality of life in all dimensions. Hence, this study was performed to check the impact of implantation on the oral health indices in patients who were candidates for implant treatment in Isfahan city. Materials & Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, the lifestyle quality of 73 patients who were referred to Isfahan’, s Islamic Azad Dental University (Khorasgan) and its affiliated private centers, was assessed using the OIDP index before and after their implant treatment between 2019 and 2020. Also, data analysis was done using Independent ttest, Paired t-test and analysis of variance ANOVA test (α,= 0. 05). Results: In the current study, the most common problem and with the most effect on oral satisfaction quality were teeth lost and extractions, respectively. Majorly, the effects were evident on the eating habits (83. 6%), satisfaction of communication with others (68. 5%) and quality of smile (64. 4%). In the questionnaire, an attenuated score of OIDP was recorded, before the implant treatment compared to that of post-treatment, which was statistically meaningful (p value < 0. 05). Conclusion: According to the current study data, we can conclude that implant treatment can have a positive effect on the patients' lifestyle quality.

Introduction: Anaerobic bacteria in the oral microbial flora are involved in many infections of the oral cavity and surrounding structures. Fusobacterium nucleatum is believed to differ from other bacteria in its interaction with oral mucosal epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the epithelial cells of the oral mucosa of patients with periodontitis compared with healthy individuals. Materials & Methods: In this case-control study, Realtime-PCR technique used to detect the Fusobacterium nucleatum in gingival samples of 15 patients with chronic periodontitis and 15 individuals with clinically healthy gingival specimens. The results analyzed by Fisher's exact and Independent t-tests with a significance level of less than 0. 05. Results: The Fisher's exact test showed that the F. nucleatum in patients with periodontitis was higher than the healthy population. Also Independent t-test showed that average titer of bacteria in patients with Periodontitis was significantly more than people without gingival inflammation (p value < 0. 001). Conclusion: There is a statistically significant relationship between periodontitis and the presence of F. nucleatum in epithelial cells of oral mucosa.

Introduction: Comprehending the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis is helpful in the prevention of this disease. Since there are conflicting results regarding the role of mast cells in periodontitis, the aim of this study was to compare mast cell counts and morphology in periodontitis with clinically healthy gingiva. Materials & Methods: This cross sectional case-control study was performed on 36 gingival samples (obtained from 14 patients with chronic periodontitis and 22 cases with clinically healthy gingiva among those referred to a specialized medical center in 2013. Toluidine blue and hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to identify mast cells. The total number of mast cells (intact and degranulated) was counted under the light microscope in 5 consecutive high power fields (10×40) with no overlap. Data were recorded and analyzed statistically by SPSS 22 and Independent T-test. All of the data with a statistical significance (p value < 0. 05) were analyzed. Results: According to Independent t-test, mean number of degranulated mast cells in periodontitis group was 17. 78 and in healthy gingiva group was 29. 72 which was not statistically significant(p value = 0. 071). Mean number of mast cells in periodontitis group was 20. 57 and in healthy gingiva was 36. 54 and was statistically significant (p value = 0. 042). Mast cell degranulation proportion in periodontitis group was 0. 857 and in healthy gingiva group was 0. 866, not statistically significant (p value = 0. 891). Conclusion: According to results of present study it can be concluded that total number of mast cells and proportion of degranulated mast cell to the total number showed no significant relationship but the total number of mast cell was significantly increased in healthy group.

Introduction: Most orthodontists believe that orthodontic treatment does not cause TMD (Temporomandibular disorder), although some disagree with this. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders in class II skeletal patients in three groups with a history of orthodontic treatment, orthosurgery and no treatment Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 99 adult skeletal patients of class II referred to the orthodontic department of Khorasgan in 2020 were selected. The prevalence of TMD was assessed in three subgroups: recipient of orthodontic treatment without orthosurgery, recipient of orthodontic treatment with orthosurgery treatment, and not receiving orthodontic treatment. Anamnestic and Dysfunction indices were assessed using Helkimo index and questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square and Fisher's exact test (p value < 0. 05). Results: There was no significant difference in the severity and prevalence of TMD in adults with class II malocclusion among the three groups when comparing the anamnestic index and dysfunction index among patients with orthodontic treatment, orthosurgery and without treatment (p value < 0. 05). In the examination of TMD in adults with class II malocclusion div1 and div2 among the three groups, there was no significant difference among patients with orthodontic treatment, orthosurgery and without treatment when compared with the anamnestic index and dysfunction index (p value < 0. 05). Conclusion: Severity and prevalence of TMD in adults with Class II malocclusion were no different in the three groups.

Introduction: Adaptation of posterior composites to dental walls has been questioned for various reasons and polymerization shrinkage is one example. Thus, the present study investigated microleakage ocurring from different class II composite restorations techniques. Materials & Methods: In this in-vitro study class II cavities with cervical margins 1 mm below the CEJ (Cementoenamel junction) were prepared in 64 extracted human premolars. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 (open sandwich): Glass ionomer was injected on the floor of the cavity and the rest of the cavity was restored using composite resin using incremental technique. Group 2 (Snowplow) one layer of flowable composite was placed in the bottom of the cavity and was co-cured with the first layer of composite resin. The rest of the cavity was restored the same as group 1. To evaluate the microleakage, the specimens were thermocycled for up to 3000 cycles and immersed in 1% methylene blue solution for 72 hours. Then they were sectioned mesiodistally and evaluated under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed via MannWhitney and Fishers exact test and p value < 0. 05 was considered significant. Results: The mean value for microleakage in group 1 (795. 74 ±,494. 04 mμ, ) was lower than group 2 (972. 99 ±,457. 8 mμ, ), but the results were not statistically significant (p value = 0. 117). Conclusion: It appears that microleakage in both open sandwich technique and Snowplow technique did not portray statistical significance, so both of them can be used.

Introduction: Studying dentistry is associated with high levels of stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the environmental stress experienced by students of Kashan Dental School and influential factors during the academic year of 2020-2021. Materials & Methods: In this study, all clinical students of Kashan Dental School (118 people) were studied via census method. The standard dental environment stress questionnaire (DES) with demographic characteristics was used to collect information. Results: In this study, 57. 6% of students depicted high environmental stress. The highest frequency of environmental stress was observed in the field of patient treatment (75. 4%) and clinical education (66. 9%). Environmental stress with regards to gender, place of residence and father's occupation was significant (p value < 0. 05). Meanwhile, this variable was not statistically significant with regards to marital status, average grade from last semester, mean age, mother's job and both parents' education (p value < 0. 05). Conclusion: Due to the high level of stress in dental students during their studies and also provided, the dangers of elevated stress, it is necessary for responsible authorities to pay more attention to this issue. In addition, female students, dormitory students and students whose father's are employed by the government are most in need of support.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of life (QOL) score based on stress scale, the relationship between the two and their influencing factors in medical and dental students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out on 235 dental students and 488 medical students between April-June 2020. In this study 24 items of physical quality, psychological quality, social quality, environmental quality and 2 general health items related to quality of life and 14 items related to stress level were assessed using the electronic questionnaire of WHOQOL-BREF. The collected data was fed into SPSS and analyzed by ANOVA, T-test, correlation coefficients and linear regression test (α,= 0. 05). Results: The mean for total quality of life was 78. 5 ±,14. 1 (26-120) and 27. 6 ±,7. 2 (10-56), respectively. In both professions, the relationship between QOL and total stress showed a significant and inverse relationship (p value < 0. 001, r =-0. 78). In dental students, four domains and the total score were significantly higher and stress levels were significantly lower compared to medical students. In both professions, women had significantly higher levels of stress than men (p value = 0. 03). Based on academic year, in medical students mean for total QOL scores (p value = 0. 04), physical (p value < 0. 001) and emotional quality (p value = 0. 07) were significantly different and while the academic year increased, the QOL scores decreased. Conclusion: There is a significant and inverse relationship between QOL and stress level. The level of stress in females is higher than in males and also in medical students than in dental students. The score of quality of life and academic year were inversely correlated.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the anatomy and anthropometric analysis of the optic canal and surrounding structures in Cone-beam computed tomography images. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study carried out from Autumn 2020 to Summer 2020, CBCT images from 150 patients referred to a medical center in Tehran were selected. The shape and length of the optic canal, width of the midpoint of the canal, the dimensions of the orbital cavity and the distance between the optic canal and the nasal columella were measured. Data were analyzed using the t-test and one-way ANOVA analysis (p value < 0. 05). Results: Shape of the canal on the right side was 64. 7% funnel-shaped, 32% hourglass-shaped and 3. 3% amorphous and on the left side, 64% funnel-shaped, 34. 7% hourglassshaped and 1. 3% amorphous among individuals. The average canal length on the right side was significantly larger than the left side, but the mean width of the midpoint of the canal on the right side was significantly less than on the left side (p value < 0. 001). The height of the orbital cavity on the right side was significantly shorter than on the left side (p value = 0. 034), but the width of the orbital was not significantly different between the two sides (0. 232). The distance between the nasion to the orbit end of the canal and the cranium end of the canal, as well as the distance between the nasal columella to the orbit end and the cranium end of the canal, were significantly longer in men than in women and also significantly less on the right side than on the left side (p value < 0. 001). Conclusion: Knowing the anatomy of the optic canal will help prevent unwanted complications.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions effective for research data management in medical universities in 7th country Zone. Materials & Methods: The present research is an analytical survey that was conducted in 2020 in the university libraries of medical sciences in 7th country Zone. The data of the qualitative section were collected by a structured questionnaire by Delphi-fuzzy method and the data of the quantitative section were the result of the qualitative section and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect them. The statistical population of the study included 127 librarians of medical universities in 7th country Zone. In a small part of descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis tests were used to present the research model and structural equation modeling technique. Results: The average factor loads of all data management components were higher than 0. 8 and acceptable. With a 99% confidence in the good fit of the 12-component measurement models (infrastructure,regulatory role,reuse,budget,organization,intelligence services,sharing,training and updating,distribution and dissemination,policymaking,storage and preservation,data content protection) were recorded. The results of t-test in a small part showed that there was a significant difference (t value = 80. 50) between the desired and existing status of data management in the libraries of medical universities of 7th country Zone. Conclusion: The state of data management in university libraries of medical sciences (7th country Zone) faces challenges in achieving organizational goals,therefore, paying attention to and strengthening the various dimensions identified by this research in data management will provide the basis for achieving organizational and research goals and improving the level of medical education and health activities in medical universities.

Introduction: Identification of proximal caries is a major challenge faced by dentists. Bitewing radiograph is the method commonly used to detect proximal caries. Another method includes the use of magnification in digital bitewing radiograph. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of magnification on the diagnosis of proximal caries. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study 40 sound human molars and premolars were selected. Based on the gold standard, the cavities were prepared under contact point on one proximal surface of the tooth. Teeth were mounted and digital bitewing radiographs were taken and images were observed at magnifications 5x, 4x, 3x, 2x, 1x. Every tooth was assessed for caries on a 5 point scale. The data was analyzed by Cochrane-Q test. Results: There was a significant difference between the certain sensitivity of proximal caries diagnosis in digital radiography in groups with magnitudes 1, 2 and 3 with magnitude 4 and 5 groups (p value = 0. 04). However, between the probable sensitivity (p value = 0. 298), definite NVP (p value = 0. 496) and probable NVP (p value = 0. 819), definite attribute (p value = 0. 846) and probability (P) There was no significant difference in proximal caries diagnosis. Conclusion: The accuracy in detecting proximal caries increases with a magnification increase and magnification 2x and 3x have the highest diagnostic accuracy but over increased magnification can reduce the accuracy on proximal caries diagnosis.

Introduction: Dental trauma mainly affects the anterior teeth, which can have significant effects on tooth function, aesthetics, and speech. Extrusion refers to the relative tooth displacement out of the socket. The emergency treatment in this injury is repositioning the tooth and flexible splint for 2 weeks. Materials & Methods: The patient is 8-year-old boy with a chief complaint of trauma to the teeth. After confirming the diagnosis of traumatic extrusion injury, the tooth # 9 was repositioned and splinted. During one-year follow-up, root canal calcification and normal response to pulp sensibility tests were observed.

Introduction: Traumatic dental injury usually causes injury to hard dental tissue, periodontal tissue and dental pulp. Intrusion is the apical displacement of the tooth towards the alveolar bone making it susceptible to infection and fracture. Materials & Methods: This report conveys intrusion management of a right maxillary central incisor of a tenyear old boy referred to Isfahan Dental School with dental trauma, with a follow-up of six, twelve and eighteen-months showing evidence of healing.

Introduction: Apexification is a method to create a calcification barrier in teeth with open apex and pulp necrosis. For many years, calcium hydroxide was the most common substance for this purpose. Nowadays, apexification with other materials that can yield better results in one session has become more popular. Materials & Methods: For a 9-year-old boy complained of "tooth decay", apexification treatment was performed by MTA on the lower right sixth permanent molar and by cold ceramic on the lower left sixth permanent molar. At one-year follow-up, no symptoms were observed on clinical examination and radiography of both teeth.