SAREM JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH (SAREM JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE)
Year:2022 | Volume:7 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Introduction: Infertility is a common and complex disease that affects 10-15% of couples of reproductive age worldwide. Today, although the Assisted Reproduction Teqniques (ARTs) are considered as the most effective method for infertility treatment in humans, the use of these methods are limited. Due to their biological characteristics, stem cells can regulate immunological mechanisms and repair and regenerate the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tube tissues. Recently, treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been considered as a new option for the treatment of infertility. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the use of mesenchymal stem cells extracted from different tissues for the treatment of male and female infertility. Conclusion: MSCs are strong candidates for cell therapy with growth factor-enhancing activity and superior immunomodulatory capacity. The side effects of the treatment of these cells can be controlled to some extent, and there may be a relationship between the treatment and the occurrence of cancer, as well as mortality in treated patients. However, longer follow-ups are needed to study late events, especially in tumor formation and progression.

Introduction: The new coronavirus, known as Covid-19, is a highly contagious disease that is spread through the respiratory droplets of infected people. Vertical transmission is the transmission of an infectious pathogen from mother to fetus in the prenatal and postpartum period or to the infant during the postpartum period through intrauterine placenta, contact of body fluids during childbirth or through direct contact due to postpartum breastfeeding. The aim of this study was investigation of vertical transmission of the disease through mother to infant. Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 117 patients participated in the study. All pregnant women had positive RT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal swabs were used to detect Covid-19 infection. To perform umbilical cord blood sampling, a sterile needle was inserted through the vagina and 10 cc of amniotic fluid was carefully inserted under sterile conditions just before rupture of the membranes and before leakage. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 24. Results: Among the 5 cases of positive cord blood test compared to the negative cases of this test, there was no difference between the gender of the newborns (P>0. 05). The average weight of babies with positive umbilical cord blood was 3067. 46 grams and in babies with negative umbilical cord blood, it was 3588 grams, and a statistically significant difference was observed between these two groups (P<0. 05). Also, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups including positive and negative cord blood tests and parameters such as gender, height, weight, heart rate, breathing rate and Apgar scores of one and five minutes of newborns (P>0. 05). Conclusion: of 117 births, only 6 babies were infected with the Covid-19 virus and the height of the babies infected with this virus was lower than the babies born to healthy mothers. It is possible that the low height of the baby at birth indicates the transmission of this virus from the mother to the baby, but with this small number of infected babies, it cannot be pointed out with certainty.

Introduction: Fetus papyraceous is defined as the death of a fetus in twin or multiple pregnancies. The death of the fetus and the confirmation of the fetus papyraceous in the second and third trimesters can have adverse effects for the mother and the living fetus. As a result, early diagnosis is of utmost importance. Case: A 30-year-old woman became pregnant with assisted reproductive technology (ART) at the Royan center. At 30 weeks of pregnancy, one of the fetuses suffered from intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). As a result, a cesarean section was performed at 33rd week. The live born baby was admitted to the NICU and was treated with phototherapy, serum therapy and antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: The other fetus was found dead and papyraceous. Performing ultrasound and careful examination of the placentas and membranes can be useful in diagnosing fetus papyraceous. Also, identifying the causes of fetus papyraceous disorder can be helpful in diagnosis, so that the consequences and complications caused by fetus papyraceous can be prevented by regular follow-up of pregnant mothers.

Introduction: Down syndrome, or trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder that without preventive intervention, about 1, 000 cases of Down syndrome are expected annually among live births in Iran. More than eighty clinical features have been described in people with Down syndrome. Eye diseases occur in 60% of Down syndrome patients. These problems negatively affect the quality of life and cause complexities and issues in educational and therapeutic systems. Material and methods: In this study, different aspects of Down syndrome with emphasis on ocular complications from 1993 to 2022, and calculating the economic burden of down syndrome by using the cost method of the disease have been performed. Results and discussion: Based on the expenses of the year 1399, each person with Down syndrome, on average, imposes more than 368 million Tomans annually on society during its lifetime. Also, if preventive policies are implemented with a 90% success rate and >1000 Down's syndrome births annual rate, about 381. 6 billion Tomans can be saved annually. Hence, the Department of Eye Health and Prevention of Blindness, Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran strongly recommend taking conventional diagnostic-medical action to prevent the birth of a child with Down syndrome.

Introduction: During the past few decades, as a result of progress in the diagnosis and treatment, the number of cancer survivors has increased. Cancer treatments often have many side effects, depending on the patient's age, type of cancer, treatment regimen, and dose of medication. One of the most important complications following treatment, especially in testicular and prostate cancers in men, is infertility. Testicular tissue is very sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The harmful effects of chemotherapy on germ cells depend on many factors, including the initial parameters of semen, method of drug administration, the type and dose of chemotherapy regimens, and the stage of spermatogenesis at the time of drug administration. Unfortunately, clinical researches in humans are difficult because cancer treatments are often a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Conclusion: Hence, experimental studies in animal models are important in order to define the mechanism involved in the toxicity effects on gonads and the drugs used. This would help the evaluation of the effects of drug administration alone or in combination on mature and immature testes. These data will provide cancer patients with better information, after recovery, regarding the risks of chemotherapy for their future fertility. It would also offer fertility options for the preservation of their fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and side complications of some chemotherapy drugs on fertility in men.

Introduction: The vagina of an adult woman is covered with a layer of strong epithelium called the squamous epithelium, which is completely resistant to damage. The natural physiological secretions of women that are produced during the menstrual cycle and under the influence of estrogen and progesterone hormones are different in terms of amount and appearance. Moreover, the reduction of lactobacilli in the presence of bacterial vaginosis changes the normal state of the vaginal ecosystem, which actually reduces the acidic pH of the vagina. Vaginal secretions become alkaline in the presence of this bacteria and a significant change occurs in the smell of secretions. Thin, white, and homogeneous secretions sticking to the vaginal wall, as well as the absence of any inflammation in the vaginal area, are among the common symptoms of bacterial vaginosis. Women feel more smell during intercourse and menstruation due to the alkalinity of semen and menstrual blood. In this study, we evaluated the uncommon symptoms which happened for women during bacterial vaginitis. Material and methods: In a cross-sectional study, we used a comprehensive questionnaire that included different aspects of women’, s life such as sociodemographic, lifestyle, past medical history, and current disease symptoms. The questionnaires were filled out by 39 women who were referred to the Sarem Women’, s Hospital (Tehran, Iran) from April to July 2022 with a definite diagnosis of bacterial vaginitis. Results: A total of 39 women participated in this study, of all, 5. 1% had warts, and 20. 5% were allocated to Bacterial infection. Fungal infection with 25. 6% was the leading cause of vaginitis in our study. Furthermore, hair loss with 33. 3% was the main uncommon symptom among participants. In this study, there were no prominent uncommon symptoms. Conclusion: Overall, in this study, there were no prominent uncommon symptoms due to bacterial vaginitis it should be mentioned that the main focus of this study was the uncommon symptoms of vaginitis. Further studies are recommended to highlight the uncommon symptoms of vaginitis in the larger population.

Introduction: One of the rarest autosomal recessive genetic diseases is harlequin ichthyosis, which is caused by a mutation in the ABCA 12 gene. Its prevalence rate is 1 in every 300, 000 births, and it often has a high mortality rate due to various secondary skin infections, severe dehydration, respiratory disorders, convulsions, and malnutrition. Case: A 32-year-old woman became pregnant naturally,the pregnant mother had no family relationship with her husband and had no underlying diseases. She only had a history of laparoscopy and removal of the right fallopian tube due to ectopic pregnancy. The pregnancy period passed without any problem and in the 39th week, the delivery was performed naturally. A baby boy was born with ichthyosis and clown face and syndactyly syndrome. Conclusion: It can be useful to carry out genetic testing for the ABCA 12 gene mutation, and careful examination of ultrasound, especially the shape of the mouth, by specialists for early diagnosis of this disease. Also, commencement of the necessary treatments immediately after birth along with training for skin care and breastfeeding of babies can significantly increase the survival rate of patients with clown ichthyosis. As well as, genetic counseling is also recommended.

Introduction: The heart rate of adults is different in different sexes. Males have a lower basal heart rate than females. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of fetal gender on fetal basal heart rate. Material and methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Rajaii hospital-Tonekabon-Iran on 132 term pregnancies in 2019 with convenient sampling. Inclusion criteria were gestational age 37 weeks to 41 weeks, singleton pregnancy. Exclusion criteria were comprised of gestational age less than 37 or more than 41, fetal growth restriction, congenital malformations, use of psychoactive drugs, rupture of the amniotic sac, vaginal bleeding, onset Labor, drinking alcohol or smoking, unwillingness to participate in the study, suffering from underlying diseases (diabetes, blood pressure, thyroid and cancer) and multiple pregnancies. The data included fetal baseline heart rate, fetal sex, and maternal age. After collecting the data and entering in the checklist, the statistical information was confirmed and analyzed by SPSS software version 25. Results: Of the 132 fetuses evaluated in this study, in the male fetuses, 50 fetuses had a heart rate of 110 to 135 and 16 fetuses had a heart rate of 136 to 160. In the female sex, 22 fetuses had a heart rate of 110 to 135 and 44 fetuses had a heart rate of 136 to 160. Based on the statistical evaluations, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0. 001), so that in the male gender, the base line heart rate was lower. Conclusion: Based on the results observed in this evaluation, gender had a statistically significant correlation with the baseline heart rate of the fetus, being less in the male gender. However, more studies are needed in this field to confirm these results.