IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC NURSING (IJPN)
Year:2018 | Volume:6 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:8

Introduction: People with high resilience, under stressful conditions and disadvantaged situations, maintain their psychological well- being and have psychological adaptability. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of resilience and stress management programs on psychological well-being, meaning of life, optimism, and life satisfaction of female- headed households.Methods: The research method was semi- experimental with pre-test and post- test design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all females under the welfare organization of Khomein City, from which 48 people were selected by the simple random method and replaced in two experimental and control groups. The data were collected using the Ryff psychological wellbeing scale, Crambeff and Mahulik's Meaningful Life Questionnaire, Carver and Scheier Optimism Scale, and Diner Life Satisfaction Scale. The results were analyzed using one- variable and multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS-22 software.Results: The results of the study showed that the program for promoting resilience and stress management improved the psychological well- being of the experimental group. In other words, the results showed that promotion of resilience and stress management improved the components of independence, self- empowerment, personal growth, positive relationship with others, lifestyle, and acceptance (P<0.001). Also, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) showed that promotion of resilience and stress management program had an impact on the meaning of life, optimism, and life satisfaction in the experimental group (P<0.001).Conclusions: Based on the findings of the research, it can be said that resilience and optimal management of stress are an internal quality that enable one to maintain himself in the face of adverse conditions and stresses in life, and thus promotes psychological well- being, lifestyle, optimism, and life satisfaction.

Introduction: In the retirement age, people experience conflicts and marital problems as they go through one of the transitional stages of life and spend more time at home and face new sources of stress. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the role of coping strategies, purposefulness in life, and quality of life in the level of marital adjustment in retirees.Methods: The present study was a correlational survey. The population consisted of 200 retirees of Nahavand during year 2016, selected by simple random sampling method, as the study sample. The research tools were Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS), Meaning of Life Questionnaire (MLQ), Marital Status Inventory and WHO Quality of Life (WHOQOL-26), and Golombok- Rust marital status inventory. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis.Results: The results showed that there was a negative correlation between task-oriented strategy and marital adjustment (-0.22), a significant positive correlation between emotion-oriented strategy and marital adjustment (0.20), and a significant negative correlation between the avoidance strategy and marital adjustment (-0.19). Meaning of life was also negatively correlated with marital adjustment (-0.37). Quality of life had a moderate negative correlation with marital adjustment (-0.46). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that coping strategies, meaning of life, and quality of life with multiple correlation coefficient of 0.56 could significantly predict 31% of marital adjustment variance.Conclusions: According to the results of the current study, effective coping strategies, meaningful life, and good quality of life are predictors of marital adjustment in retirees. Consideration of these issues is necessary for employees of government and nongovernmental organizations, who are on the brink of retirement, in order to cope with marital problems during the retirement period.

Introduction: Family is a social unit that includes the deepest human relationships. At all stages of its development, couples are the main sub- system and the role of various factors, such as attachment styles, defense mechanisms, and thus, quality of life, is important in their marital satisfaction. Considering the confrontation of nurses with various stressors affecting marital satisfaction, this study aimed at predicting marital satisfaction based on attachment styles, defense mechanisms, and quality of life in married nurses of Tehran.Methods: This research was a fundamental and descriptive research that was conducted with a predictive correlative design. For this purpose, among married nurses’ community in Tehran, 250 male and female nurses (125 males and 125 females) were selected through available sampling in order to answer the questionnaires of ENRICH Marital Satisfaction (1989), Adults Attachments (1990), Defense Styles (1993), and the quality of life (1992). The collected data were analyzed using stepwise multiple linear regression and SPSS 22 software.Results: The results showed that the safe attachment style had 29% variation with marriage satisfaction, adoptable defense mechanisms had 39% variation with marriage satisfaction, and variables of general health, happiness, social function, psychological problems, and psychological health all together showed 48% variation with marriage satisfaction.Conclusions: The results of this study support the concept that marital satisfaction is a multi- dimensional category, which depends on factors, such as quality of life, level of defense mechanism, and attachment styles, and these factors have a direct effect on interpersonal relationships of couples during adulthood.

Introduction: Sexual function is part of life as well as a human behavior and is influenced by many biological, psychological, and social factors. Given the large extent of marital problems and lack of awareness about the complications of the dimensions of this fundamental motive, this study was conducted to determine the association between depression, anxiety, and stress and sexual function during pregnancy.Methods: This study was a descriptive research conducted on 150 pregnant females referred to clinics affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in the city of Qazvin, during year 2016. Samples were selected through convenience sampling. Demographic, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and DASS21 questionnaires were used to gather data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software via descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov- Smirnov test, Spearman correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. The level of significance was considered at P<0.05.Results: Overall, 33.3% of pregnant females had sexual dysfunction. The mean and standard deviation scores for sexual function, depression, stress, and anxiety were respectively 44.7 ± 26.11, 9.86 ± 3.02, 11.79 ± 3.52, and 10.34 ± 2.99. Sexual functioning was correlated with depression and stress in the first and second trimester (P<0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between sexual functioning and anxiety in any trimester (P>0.05).Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of sexual and mental disorders during pregnancy, pregnant females and their partners need counseling about physical and psychological changes in pregnancy.

Introduction: Nursing is one of the job groups that is exposed to stress, depression, anxiety, and fatigue. Stress and depression reduce job performance and threaten personal relationships. This study aimed at determining the role of dark triad of personality in psychological well- being and humor styles.Methods: In this descriptive- correlational study, 332 nurses were selected among public hospitals of Mashhad during year 2016 by the cluster sampling method. Participants completed the dark triad scale (Johnson & Webster, 2010), short form of Ryff's psychological well- being scale (2000), and humor styles questionnaire (Martin et al., 2003). Data were analyzed by the SPSS22 software and multiple regression analysis.Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between dark triad of personality with psychological well-being and humor styles in nurses (P<0.01). Among the dark triad, machiavellianism and narcissism predicted psychological well- being (P<0.05). Also, dark triad of personality predicted humor styles in nurses (P<0.05).Conclusions: The results showed that dark triad of personality had an important role in predicting psychological well-being and humor styles in nurses. The results of this study indicated the importance, usefulness, and application of the dark triad of personality in predicting individual differences in the evaluation, acceptance, and recruitment of nurses.

Introduction: Due to high prevalence and pathological characteristics of anxiety disorders, especially separation anxiety disorder, a few researches have been conducted on effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy in treatment of this disorder. Therefore, according to the position of this treatment in treating psychological disorders, the aim of the current research was to examine the effectiveness of empathic psychodynamic psychotherapy and anxiety regulating psychotherapy on self-concept and emotional expression of students with symptoms of adult separation anxiety disorders.Methods: The research design was semi-experimental with pre- posttest and control group. The study population included all students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University and Islamic Azad University of Ardabil during the 2016 to 2017 academic years. Samples included 30 students with symptoms of adult separation anxiety disorder, which were selected among students via structured clinical interview and global assessment of function and were assigned randomly to three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). Research instruments included the Adult Separation Anxiety questionnaire, Global Assessment Of Function Scale, Emotional Expression, Beck Self- Concept Questionnaire and clinical structured interview for adult separation anxiety disorder. Analysis of data was performed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with repeated measure via the SPSS software.Results: The results of the present research showed that brief empathic psychodynamic therapy has therapeutic effects on self- concept and anxiety. Regulating dynamic psychotherapy had significant impact on both self- concept and emotional expression in post- test and the follow-up phase (P<0.5).Conclusions: The results of the present research showed that participants under brief empathic psychodynamic therapy had significant increase in self- concept scores yet the effectiveness was not significant on emotional expression; however, individuals, who received anxiety regulating dynamic psychotherapy had significant increase of emotional expression and self- concept scores. Therefore, the results indicate that short term dynamic psychotherapies are effective interventions in promoting psychological conditions in adult separation anxiety disorders.

Introduction: One of the most important disorders during childhood is specific learning disorder, which is associated with behavioral problems and difficulty in memory function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group play therapy on behavioral problems and memory performance of female students with specific learning disorder.Methods: The present research was semi- experimental with a pre- test and post-test and control groups.For this purpose, all the female students with special learning disabilities, who were admitted to specialized centers of learning disabilities in Ahvaz, during the fall of 2017, were considered and five specific centers and 30 subjects were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two equal groups (each group with 15 cases). Subjects were diagnosed with specific learning disorder before and after the intervention, and two months later in the follow up, memory function was assessed using the subscale of the school teacher, the center specialist, and the retrospective IQ test. Signs and numerical memory reconciliation was measured by Wechsler's Revised Intelligence test and Gersham and Elliot's (Teacher's Form) behavioral problems scale was completed by the school teacher. Participants in the experimental group were subjected to group therapy for 10 sessions of 60 minutes. However, there was no intervention on the control group. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and univariate analysis of covariance methods.Results: The findings showed that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in variables of behavioral problems and memory performance. In other words, group play therapy significantly led to decreases in behavioral problems (internalizing, externalizing, and hyperactivity) and increase in memory performance (shott-term audio and visual memory) of female primary school students with special learning disorder (P £ 0.0001).Conclusions: Based on the results, group therapy games were effective in reducing behavioral problems and improving and rehabilitation of memory of girl students with specific learning disorder. As a result of creating the necessary grounds for group play therapy sessions in schools, it seems necessary that these can be effective in improving the students' psychological and educational status.

Introduction: The quality of life of mothers is of great importance, particularly in mothers of children with special needs. The current study aimed at determining the correlation between quality of life of mothers of children with special needs and their demographic characteristics in Tehran, Iran.Methods: The present descriptive-correlational study was conducted on mothers of primary school children with special needs who studied at special schools in Tehran, in the academic year of 2013-2014. A total of 190 mothers were selected through stratified random sampling method. To collect data, a demographic questionnaire and the "quality of life scale for mothers of children with special needs" were used. The validity and reliability of the latter scale were measured in the previous study. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 21.Results: According to the results of the current study, mothers of children with special needs had low quality of life. All in all, the results indicated that the lowest and highest mean scores belonged to social relationships and religious-spiritual domain as 40.92 ± 18.86 and 81.4 ± 17.73, respectively.Conclusions: According to the results of the current study, mothers of children with special needs have low quality of life. Professionals and health care providers should pay more attention to psychological well-being of mothers of children with special needs in order to improve their quality of life.