THE APPLICATION OF CHEMISTRY IN ENVIRONMENT
Year:2011 | Volume:2 | Issue:6|Papers Count:8

SONO photocatalytic degradation of 2 -Butyl -4, 6 di nitro phenol in aqueous solution by using Titanium dioxide nanoparticles as photocatalytic was studied. Ultrasonic experiments at 60 KHz frequency and intensity of the UV / VIS was performed with 50 watts of power. Under optimum conditions (0.025 g of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to 250 cc-2.3 ml to 250 ml of hydrogen peroxide and PH=6.5) destruction efficiency of 99.4% was obtained. The study showed that the catalyst degradation reactions of butyl di nitro the first type of reaction follows.These experiments showed that the treatment with hydrogen peroxide for a SONO photocatalyst technology is promising for treating this type of pollutants.

Isoxazole compound which have various pharmacological applications act as antivirus especially. It has been proved that they are effective on the cure of Parkinson and Alzheimer disease. In present research, two kinds of isoxazol and an oxime compound have been synthesized. 4-chloro benzaldehyde changed into 4-chloro benzaldoxime by increasing of sodium hypochlorite to hydroxylamine hydrochloride in pyridine as a solvent. The compound 1 changed to nitrile oxide and [3+2] cycloaddition happened by using propargyl alcohol. As a result 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy methyl isoxazol was prepared. In final step, N-((3-(4-chlorophenyl) isoxazol-5-yl) Methyl) cyclopentanamine was prepared by reaction of PBr3 and C5H11N with compound (2).The structure of synthesized compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR spectroscopies.

Wastewater produced in urban and industrial can be purified and refined enough that it can easily be used as sources of fresh water in agriculture. In many countries, the treated wastewater is used for irrigation and aquaculture. The most important issue in the use of urban wastewater for irrigation is to ensure the efficiency of water disinfection process in the reduction of pathogenic microorganisms.Ozonation as an advanced technology with high performance in a reduction of viruses and parasites can be environmentally friendly alternative to the chlorination of wastewater.In this pilot plan with a reactor at a height of 6 m and 1 m in diameter performance of ozone in the elimination of coliforms, fecal coliforms and in the effluent COD reduction was studied in the wastewater treatment plant of Mianeh city. Capacity of ozone generator that is used to disinfect the wastewater treatment plant was about 500 grams per hour. The hydraulic retention times of 6, 10, 15 and 25 minutes and transferred ozone doses of 1 to 50 mg per liter was used. The results showed that the ozone doses of 4 mg per liter and the retention time of more than 10 minutes are enough to adapt with the standards irrigation water regarding to coliforms and fecal coliforms. Ct values obtained for the removal of fecal coliforms is about 1 mg per liter per minute. Transferred ozone doses to reduce the COD of wastewater need to be more than 20 milligrams per liter. Finally, ozone can be technically and economically viable alternative to chlorination of municipal wastewater treatment plant and reuse for agricultural purposes.

In this work, photocatalytic degradation of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles was studied. An ultraviolet source with the power of 60W has been used to degrade the aqueous samples and the output power was adjusted in to different power named 30 and 60W, separately. This investigations show that with an increase in the amount of nanoparticles, the rate of degradation has been increased. A method of viscometry was used to study the degradation behaviour and kinetic model was developed to estimate the degradation rate constants. Also, increasing the rate of degradation decreased the viscosity average molecular weights of samples. A similar effect can be seen for the increase of irradiation power of UV source.

An D hydrodynamic model has been simulation and developed for gas hold-up and liquid circulation velocity prediction in air-lift reactors model is based on momentum balance equations and has been adjusted to experimental data collected on a pilot plant reactor equipped with two types of gas distributors and using water as the liquid phase. The model equations described previously constitute a set of non-linear equations which are solved by an iterative procedure (v.b) (c plus). This model has also been combined with mass transfer and the kinetics of a chemical reaction to yield a complete model of the performance of a reactor.

Molecularly imprinted polymers represent a new class of materials that prepare artificial and have special recognition binding sites to detect templates. Since their discovery in 1972, MIPs have attracted considerable interest from scientists. Three particular features have made MIPs the target of intense investigation: their high affinity and selectivity, which are similar to those of natural receptors; their unique stability which is superior to that demonstrated by natural bimolecular, and the simplicity of their preparation and the ease of adaptation to different practical applications. These features caused to use molecularly imprinted polymers for separation application like solid-phase extraction, membrane, biosensors, high liquid chromatography and capillary electro chromatography.In these study ingredients of MIPs, methods for molecule imprinting and polymerization methods for preparing MIPs investigated.

One of the most fertilizers which used highly is urea. Nitrogen release in urea is very high during utilization in soil. In consider low output urea fertilizer (wasting more of 50 percent nitrogen), researchers for increase output urea by adding slow release materials. In this research, in order to increase in the urea output (increase of nitrogen slow release) it was made some uses of poly allylamine HCl. For scrutiny nitrogen release factor in mixtures used of poly allylamine HCl and khorasan urea fertilizer with mole-ratio (1, 1), (1, 0.5), (1, 0.25), (0.5, 1), (0.25.1). adding this polymer to the urea with mole- ratio (1, 1) decreased solubility of mixture, and besides sufficiency nitrogen slow release factor also increased triple almost. comparison FTIR spectrums of polymer mixtures FTIR spectrum of khorasan urea showed that not changed chemical structure and SEM picture polymer of mixtures showed that creation amorphous and simi amorphous structures.

In order to Effect of Mepiquat chloride the agriculture in stages on cotton (Gossypium hirsutun L) experiment was conducted in parsabad- Moghan with two factors included cotton cultivars Maher-Vermin–Sherpan-Oltan and topping at 30 day after flowering, Pix spraying at 30 day after flowering, Pix spraying at 15 the after flowering without pix and topping as control .Measured traits in this experiment was stem height, seed yield and total yield. For Analysis of variance total was used MSTAT-C software. Results indicated that, effete of treatments on stem height of cotton was significant. Treatments of Vermin cultivar ×Pix spraying at 30 day after flowering with 70.33 cm stem height lowest height. Total yield no significant.