THE APPLICATION OF CHEMISTRY IN ENVIRONMENT
Year:2014 | Volume:5 | Issue:17|Papers Count:8

In this research, efficiency of carbon nanotube functionalization and its improvement for fiber fabrication in micro extraction of solid phase was investigated by gas chromatography to extract and determine 7 types of Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbon. For this purpose, carbon nanotubes, firstly functionalized by nitric acid and sulfuric acid, then sodium dodecyl sulphate was used to surface modification. A cupper wire choose as a Fiber and coated by functionalized CNT.

In this research, the amount of phenol and felavonoids compound at two types of deracecephalum plant in Iran was measured. Also Antioxidant effect of Hexan extracts, Ethyl acetate and Methan was evaluated for the first time. Deracecephalum is from the family of aromatic and medicinal plants, which has a lot of traditional applications. This plant known as wound healing and it distillate used as strengthen heart and sedative. Also it has appetizing and carminative properties. This plant can be found more in Iran and Azerbaijan. Subjected plants distillation in Hexan Methanol and Ethylacetate solvent, was obtained by wet method. The total amount of phenol compound in these distillates calculated based on mili gram quercetin in each gram dry extract. Antioxidant BHT was used as standard. All the experiment was repeated 3 times. The result indicated excellent medical effect and antioxidant effect of distillate.

In this research Ab initio and DFT calculations were used to investigate the substitutions groups electronic effects CF3, CCl3 and CBr3 on cheletropic reaction of 2,5-Dihydrothiophene sulfone. The rate and activation energy of cheletropic reactions were investigate. the trend of reactions electronic effects of trans state were studied with B3L YP/3-21 G levels of theory. The results of the electronegativity, the band length, Muliken charge and electronic occupancy data showed that in Steric effects and electronic effects are effective on reaction rate and activation energy of cheletropic reaction. These results are in good agreement with experimental data. Trans-2,5- three chloro metyl Sulfolen has the highest activation energy and the lowest rate of reaction.

Thermal stability of (PU), causes by it excellent mechanical and physical properties ,due to increase the applications .in this research ,chemical structure modification by Imid group in the bond structure, and simultaneous addition of same nanopartic1es causes thermal stability increase in PU nano composite. Firstly diole containing imide group as a monomer was constructed. Nano silica precursor in sol-gel method for special polymerization derived from nanopartic1e surface was used. Isocyanate solution, ionic solution and SiO2 was mixed in a balaon and aItrasanic bath .polyuretlans ware formed around nano silica in a polymerization between different amounts of diols and de-isocyanates in the core shell form thermal stability of composite is significantly mare then poyurethen. Poyurethen/silica nanocomposite showed a good thermal stability. Their characteristic was evaluated by TEM, TGA, SEM and DSC methods.

In this study, polyaniline-Fe3O4, (PANI-Fe3O4) magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized for removal of Congo red (CR) from aqueous solution. Magnetic nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. Afterwards, polyaniline containing magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by in-situ doping polymerization in the presence of HCl. The PANI-Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposite has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was also used for magnetization characterization of PANI-Fe3O4 nanocomposite at room temperature. The effects of various operational parameters including solution pH, contact time, initial concentration, amount of adsorbent and temperature on removal of CR using PANI -Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposite were investigated in batch adsorption mode. Adsorption results demonstrated that the CR removal efficiency increased with decrease in solution pH and increase in solution temperature. Experiment with real textile wastewater spiked with CR showed up to 90% color removal by the use of 0.1 g magnetic nanocomposite. Finally, five consecutive adsorption-desorption experiments were conducted to test the reusability of the adsorbent and it revealed that the NFs retained the original capacity up to the fourth adsorption cycle. These results imply that the PANI-Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites are found to be an effective adsorbent for the removal of CR from water because of their high capacity and easy separation.

According to the importance of detection in sea samples .and complexity of its texture ,using sample preparation methods in important .Nitrite in one of the nutritious material in sea water which acts as potertial pollution in higher concentration and effects on the biological cycles of the seas .In this research effective parameters on the micro liquid - liquid extraction was investigated to extraction and spectrophotometric detection of Nitrit ,in order to make a match in the pre-concentration method ,all the parameters was optimized in artificial sea water .In derivative stage, 2-3 di-amino-naphthalene was used .which react with nitrite in acidic reaction and produced 1-naphto triazol which absorb in UV -visible area in 365 nun.

The continuous growth of population, surface water and ground water Contamination, non-uniform distribution of water and Periodic droughts, has forced Water and sanitation experts to look for an alternative source for water. The use of treated wastewater technology with high quality as an Reliable water supply has attracted more attention as recycling of waste water and industrial waste to reuse was attracted more attention in dehydrated countries. In addition to the problem of water crisis, environmental pollution caused by waste waters also has stressed refining and production of waste water with minimum pollution. In this research, the possibility of reduction of COD and I.S.S by ClO2 as a strong oxidant was investigated. Tabriz Petrochemistry waste water was examined as a case study.

In this research drugs was investingatcd on different snbstratcs. It is a model of drug named pigmedin which the effect of Nbr effect in drug delivery was investrated. For thvis purpose NBr tube with variouse lengths and nano carbon was investigated. The gussian software and DFT/b31yp method and 3-21 G and 6-31 G series was used for study on the effect of nano structures on the drug nature, piymedil molechle directly connected to every nano structures, from head and calculation completed in 2phase of sas and liquid. The result demens trated that the cannection of drug to nanostructunes due to improv solubility of druy. energy, Angles band length and dipole maman was calculated to choose the best structure.