CONTEMPORARY RESEARCHES ON ISLAMIC REVOLUTION
Year:2022 | Volume:4 | Issue:14|Papers Count:7

Imam Khomeini was worried about the project of Reza and Muhammad Reza Pahlavi’, s purification since the victory of the Islamic Revolution. It was an essential historical and media project by groups and currents opposed to the Islamic Revolution. They were trying to rebuild Pahlavi's image in the minds of the masses by using the opportunity created after the revolution and presenting a new vision for today's youth in future generations. Examining this project's scope in the Islamic Republic is based on historical documents using a descriptive-analytical method. The present study aimed to review Imam Khomeini's warnings about their goal (creating a new plan like Anushirvan) and analyse and critique some of the prominent historical examples of the project. We critique both currents, whether the revolution companions, who provided the ground for purification with their imprudence in their statements, or the currents opposing the Islamic system, who entered this project with a previous plan,knowing and examining both currents can help in deepening such research, in refining domestic historical sources and preventing the spread of the purification process.

Undoubtedly, as a decisive document of Islam, Quranic propositions are linked to the lives of individuals in society. Throughout history, Islamic thinkers have turned to the Qur'an according to the needs of communities and individuals. Social interpretation is one of the most critical interpretive approaches. The present study aimed to explain Ayatollah Khamenei's interpretive thoughts in the book "Outline of Islamic Thought in the Qur'an " about Vilayat. His remarks are considered a prelude to the Alawite rule in the Islamic system and explain the Muslim community policy. This book is a collection of his lectures in 1353 in Mashhad, which have interpreted some verses of doctrinal concepts. The present study intends to investigate the issue with a descriptive-analytical method and based on library data. The results indicated that he uses simple language and understandable examples, proposes questions, avoids extensive literary, jurisprudential and theological discussions, emphasises the guidance of the Qur'an and emphasises the necessities of society, learns from history, and uses traditions and poetry in his narrative approaches.

Neglecting and ignorance of citizenship rights by the socio-political system is one of the soft war manifestations against the Islamic Revolution of Iran in recent decades. Accordingly, to defend and introduce the original Islamic thought in the field of citizenship rights, the present study aimed to explain the position of this concept and its derived components by examining the principles and perspectives related to citizenship rights in the Islamic Revolution foundations. To this aim, used library and descriptive method and discourse analysis of Laclau and Mouffe using Quranic verses and critical legal documents of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Then, the symbols of Islamic discourse on citizenship rights were extracted, and objective examples were studied in important legal documents of the republic. Citizenship rights in Islamic discourse are based on the semantic system from the central symbol of purified life and the signs of the principles of dignity, security, freedom and the executive guarantee of citizenship rights. Evaluating the status of citizenship rights in the social and political context of post-revolutionary Iran indicates that the Islamic Revolution discourse has a strong potential for fulfilling citizenship rights. The constitution addresses citizenship rights in various dimensions, including public-private security, judicial law, liberty rights in multiple sizes, participant rights in the administration of national affairs, economic, social and cultural rights, and the rights of vulnerable groups. The implementing citizenship rights specified in this law are guaranteed in parts of the Islamic Penal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code.

The present study, with a descriptive-analytical method based on critical discourse analysis theory, indicates that fundamentalist and reformist discourses do not have the same view on political participation. In political participation, the fundamentalist discourse, with the pillar of Velayat-e Faqih, believes in installation and considers legitimacy from top to bottom. It regards the people's vote as his approval, believes in the necessity of Congressional Oversight, and emphasises the strengthening of Islamism compared to the republic. The pillar of the reformist discourse is political development around the main sign of political participation. In the context of political participation, it considers the government’, s legitimacy from the bottom to up. It believes that the government should be formed based on the people's vote and opinion and believes less than the fundamentalists in Congressional Oversight. It emphasises the importance of republicanism and believes in a wide range of political participation, from voting in elections to establishing associations and organisations, working in the press and trade union activities, to determine one's destiny. However, the findings indicate that different patterns can be considered in Iran's political competition and participation.

Many spiritualist currents and schools of the new and the contemporary era, which claim to satisfy the human excellence-seeking nature, are in contrast with divine religions and aim to marginalise them. These currents have emerged and grown in an utterly humanistic context. They have epistemological, anthropological and ontological foundations, which must be carefully examined and criticised to prove the ineffectiveness of these schools in quenching man's thirst for true spirituality. Individualism is one of the essential anthropological foundations of secular spiritualities, is centred on the individual's desires, makes him a seeker of all the truth within himself, and does not accept external authority such as revelation and prophets. The basis that regulates and arranges the spiritual behaviour of modern man is based on the needs and desires that come from the "Inside" of man. It negates the validity and authority of any external reference and causes the existential independence of man from heavenly religions. In contrast to the anthropological foundations of authentic and Islamic spirituality, relying on the individuals’,existence of the divine and common human nature, it has provided the possibility of general advice on spiritual progress. It regards guiding the revelation and true religion as the only reliable reference for responding to nature and the human excellence-seeking spirit.

In post-Saddam Iraq, the identity contest and lack of an inclusive government in organising these competitions paved the way for identity conflict. This crisis caused increasing social divergence and acted as an obstacle for national and collective identity formation as preconditions in national government and political order establishment. In post-Saddam Iraq, the events such as ISIS rise, the Kurdish independence issue, the fragmentation between the political and religious groups, etc., show the identity policies’,confrontation. In identity confrontation, Iraq’, s solution is resorting to identity interaction and to an inclusive and strong government establishment where can have all ethnic and religious groups (Kurds, Arabs, Shias, and Sunnis) trust and cooperation. Explaining the different trends of various identities in Iraq and examining the identity crises which have prevented an efficient government and a cohesive nation emergence, this descriptive-analytic research seeks to answer this question: ‘, In Iraq, are the different identities’,orientations in confrontation or interaction? ’,The results indicated that a two-way and inverse relationship between them, i. e., the incomplete identity interaction process, has created numerous crises leading to a confrontation between ethnic and religious groups. This flawed process has led to the spreading and intensifying national and regional conflict. The present study used library resources and information, applying constructive theory.

The passage of about four decades since the Islamic revolution is not enough to know a great revolution. Revolutions can be analysed based on the roots, trends and consequences. "Systemization" is related to the process or transition stage level from the old system to the revolutionary one. The present study, with the qualitative and analyticaldescriptive method, aimed to analyse the thought and political actions of Imam Khomeini in military systemisation. The results indicated that Pahlavi's military-security structure under Imam Khomeini's management was based on inciting national pride and the army sentiments,not insulting and speaking ill of them,and encouraging, honouring and emphasising their dignity that changed to a new situation. On the one hand, the former military foundations remained,the Islamic Republic Army was reproduced based on the same Pahlavi army and prevented the military vacuum for the collapse of the post-Pahlavi regime. On the other hand, the management structure of the Iranian military changed slowly. Therefore, the restoration of the old and pre-revolutionary authority was impossible, and it was completed by forming three institutions, the Revolutionary Committee, the Revolutionary Guards and the Mustazafin Mobilization.