Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences and Research
Year:2021 | Volume:8 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

Background: The rapid and unprecedented outbreak of the Coronavirus (COVID-19), which spread rapidly around the world in late 2019, prompted the World Health Organization to declare a public health emergency, which soon became an international public health concern. The concerns are especially more serious in people with certain diseases, such as diabetes. The need to quarantine and the preservation of social distances lead to further inactivity and, thus, more health consequences. It is necessary to maintain physical activity and regular exercise which, in addition to reducing the consequences of inactivity, can lead to better control of blood glucose in children with type 1 diabetes. This review article investigated the need for regular physical activity in children with type 1 diabetes who were quarantined during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: For this purpose, the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant articles published up to September 2021, and articles identified based on the search keywords were reviewed. Results: Online exercise programs may be helpful in counteracting the sedentary lifestyle associated with the pandemic. A short exercise session, which can be repeated frequently throughout the day, may represent an optimal intervention strategy to maintain the health and well-being of young people with type 1 diabetes Conclusion: Exercise in a safe home environment and under the supervision and encouragement of parents while monitoring and controlling blood glucose has several physical and psychological benefits that should be considered during quarantine and the outbreak of COVID-19.

Background: COVID-19 seems to have a major impact on physical activity behaviors, especially for people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) who have health conditions. Methods: This study was a narrative review. Six databases, namely PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ProQuest, were search for relevant published studies. Results: Healthcare providers and organizations advise people to stay at home, but this does not mean that they should be inactive. Self-isolation has an adverse effect on behavior activities and mental health in people with MS. Physical activity can act as medicine for people with MS, as it helps reduce stress, anxiety, and fatigue while improving balance, muscle strength, flexibility, and quality of life. Conclusion: People with MS are recommended to perform activities such as whole-body chair exercises with moderate intensity at least 150 minutes per week according to the level of the individual’, s ability.

Background: The hearing system can detect the location of the sound source and help us pay attention to it. In the presence of the background noise, it helps detecting the desired signal (especially speech) and comprehend it. This ability is called spatial hearing processing. Spatial hearing processing disorder can adversely affect signal detection in noise, which is very important in the elderly. The aim of the present paper was reviewing the spatial hearing processing disorder and its ‘, rehabilitation methods in Iran for the elderly. Methods: In this narrative paper, theoretically, all papers on spatial hearing processing disorder and its’,rehabilitation methods among the elderly in Iran from 2000 to February 2021 were collected. The papers with the following keywords in Medline, Google scholar, Proquest, science direct, Scopus, and Magiran were studied after discarding duplicated papers: spatial stream, binaural advantage, spatial release of masking, spatial hearing segregation, rehabilitation, aging, elderly, speech in noise, localization, training, and Iran. Results: Aging adversely affects the spatial hearing processing and especially in complex environments, so rehabilitation of spatial hearing disorders can potentially improve comprehending speech in noise for the elderly. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there is absolutely necessary to develop different rehabitation programs for different elderly groups base on their needs.

Background: The current study investigated lexical effects on the recognition of spoken words in Persian-speaking children with hearing impairment using Persian lexical neighborhood tests (PLNTs). Methods: The research was administered as a cross-sectional study. PLNTs were performed on thirty-three pediatric hearing aid (HAs) or cochlear implant (CIs) users by sound field under spectrally degraded conditions. Thirteen 7-to13-year-old (8 boys and 5 girls) participants completed the experiments, which were administered in a 3 × 4-m acoustic room using a sound field. The order of the tests in each session was from the lowest to the highest signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), ranging from −,2 to 4 dB. The experiments were repeated by the same examiners under the same conditions two months later with nine of the thirteen participants. Results: Pediatric users of HAs or CIs could not optimally recognize spoken words in noise, specifically when they had to recognize words through an auditory-only modality. There was a significant difference in the participants’,SWR performance on the PMLNT-easy versus the PMLNT-hard and the PDLNTeasy versus the PDLNT-hard based on independent samples T test (P<0. 001). There was a significant difference in the participants’,SWR performance on the PMLNT-easy versus the PDLNT-easy and the PMLNT-hard versus the PDLNThard based on the independent samples T test as well (P<0. 001). Accordingly, word lexical difficulty (easy/hard words) and word length (monosyllabic/ disyllabic words) were the most fundamental factors having significant effects on the recognition of spoken words in children with HAs or CIs in the test/ retest phases. Conclusion: The PLNTs, as a valid assessment toolkit, can be reliably used to measure SWR performance under spectrally degraded conditions in Persianspeaking children with hearing impairment using HAs or CIs.

Background: This study aims at investigation of the effectiveness of selfcompassion training on parenting stress of mothers with visually impaired children. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest intervention and a control group. The statistical population of the study included mothers with visually impaired children in Isfahan. Thirty mothers between eighteen and forty years old were selected using purposefully and convenient sampling. Subjects were matched in two groups of 15 intervention and control members based on the pre-test score of parenting stress. The intervention group received self-compassion training intervention for eight weeks and the control group did not receive training during this period and was placed on a waiting list. The questionnaire used in this study was the parenting stress index. The findings were analyzed using analysis of covariance by SPSS-23 software. Results: The results showed that self-compassion training significantly reduced parenting stress in the experimental group compared to the control group (P=0. 002). Also, in terms of parenting stress in childhood, the mean scores in the experimental group decreased significantly after intervention compared to the control group (P=0. 018). In terms of parenting stress among parents, the mean scores in the experimental group decreased significantly after intervention compared to the scores in the control group (P=0. 0001). Conclusion: Since parenting is associated with stress and parents of visually impaired children suffer more stress, self-compassion training can play an important role in reducing their parenting stress.

Background: Although discourse properties of aphasic patients have been investigated utilizing microlinguistic as well as macrolinguistic approaches, there have been only a few studies in the Persian setting which have tried to investigate discourse properties of these brain-damaged patients. Previous researchers have concentrated mainly on the two most notorious types of aphasia, namely Broca and Wernicke. Thus, the coherence properties of transcortical motor patients have never been given serious consideration by scientists. The current study aimed to investigate whether and how transcortical aphasia patients differ from their healthy counterparts in the cohesive properties of their discourse with the aim of presenting an exhaustive account of the issue and filling the gap existing in the literature. Methods: In doing so, via mixed-methods approach, cohesive devices in the discourse of six transcortical motor aphasics (3 participants of each gender, mean age, 56. 9 years) and 6 healthy non-aphasic controls (3 participants of each gender, mean age=57. 4 years) were compared. Results: The results corroborate our hypotheses that the discourse of transcortical aphasics is less cohesive than that of healthy individuals, and they have lots of challenges in constructing grammatically cohesive devices. Conclusion: The findings further demonstrate that discourse could be differently disrupted in diverse forms of aphasia. It is recommended that more research be conducted on different languages so as to shed more light on the issue, enriching our understanding of the nature of this disease.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease and a leading cause of disability in old age. The present study aims to analyze the stability of standing with and without perturbation in patients with moderate knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Twenty-eight people (14 men with knee osteoarthritis and 14 healthy individuals) were evaluated for postural control in this observational crosssectional study. In standing tests, the effects of disease (osteoarthritis vs. healthy), vision (open vs. closed eyes), and support condition (quiet standing vs. on the unstable plate) on balance were studied. Results: The results showed that the presence of knee osteoarthritis significantly reduced the root mean square of hip joint flexion in patients compared to the control group (P=. 024). The elimination of vision and reducing the base of support by standing on an unstable plate led to local instability in the joints close to the perturbation, especially the ankle (P<0. 001). The center of pressure data also showed that the mean (P=0. 034) and variability (P=0. 003) of the anteriorposterior excursion was significantly higher in patients. Patients with knee osteoarthritis are more vulnerable to falling on an unstable plate. Conclusion: The body uses a postural stiffening strategy to prevent falling forward, especially on an unstable plate, and postural adjusting in the mediolateral direction. In rehabilitative treatments to prevent falls based on the sensory re-organization plans, e. g., rocking board, foam standing, game therapy, etc., it may be more efficient to focus on the distal joint muscles.

Background: Poor executive functions are potentially risky for psychopathology and can reduce response to treatment. This study aimed to investigate the moderating role of executive functions in the relationship between anxiety and depression symptoms and response to drug therapy. Methods: The correlation method was used in this study. The statistical population was adult outpatients with anxiety disorders and depression who referred to psychiatric clinics of Bojnourd city. One hundred and sixty-four participants completed the Outcome Questionnaire, Brief Symptom Inventory, and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Results: The findings showed that problems of executive functions and anxiety and depression symptoms predicted weak response to treatment (P<0. 0001). The results of moderating regression analysis showed that problems of executive functions significantly moderate the relationship of anxiety symptoms and response to treatment (P<0. 0001), while they do not significantly moderate the relationship between depression symptoms and response to treatment (P>0. 05). The results further showed that a longer course of disease and the comorbidity of depression and anxiety reduce the response to treatment (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Poor performance in executive functions, a longer course of disease, and the comorbidity of anxiety and depression disorders can reduce the response to treatment in patients.