JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH
Year:2021 | Volume:- | Issue:57-58|Papers Count:10

The purpose of this study was to analyze the s tatus of the New Sys tem of Agricultural Extension (NSAE) and the role of components in the challenges ahead. The research method was quantitative and Causal-comparative. The s tatis tical population was managers and extension's workers of production areas of Mazandaran agricultural Jihad Organization. The sample size based on Cochran's formula for extension's workers was 157 people with Including 60 people of managers in selected cities the total sample size was 217. S tratified random sampling method with proportional assignment was used. The main tool for data collection was a ques tionnaire that consis ted of three parts: individual characteris tics, the characteris tics or components as well as the challenges of NSAE. The value of ordinal theta for research variables was 0. 88 (ϴ, =0. 88). The SPSS22 and Lisrel8. 7 software were used for data analysis. The results showed that the success rate of the components of NSAE was moderate. The highes t and lowes t success rates were related to extension activities and repair and equipping of agricultural jihad centers, respectively. By using of Factor Analysis, The challenges of NSAE were divided into six categories, which include: education and research, development and support, planning and policy-making, communication, organization and management. In total, these six factors explained about 73. 2% of the total variance of the challenges of NSAE. In order to test the accuracy of the factor structure of the observed variables,Confirmatory factor analysis was used and the indices of χ, 2/df and RMSEA were equal to 2. 49 and 0. 043 respectively which confirmed the good fit of the model. Path analysis method was used to test the causal model of the impact of the components in creating the challenges of NSAE. As a result, about 94% of the variance of the challenges variable was explained by the variables of the component of AENA. Finally, suggestions were made for the continuous improvement of NSAE.

The aim of this research was to identify and explain the functions and capabilities of facilitators to promote rural women's entrepreneurship so that the results can be used to integrate facilitation in agricultural extension. This survey research was conducted in rural areas of Galikesh county, Golestan province. The statistical population of this study included facilitators and rural women of Galikesh county. The respondents (n=204) were selected by stratified random sampling. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was developed based on the literature review and interviews with a group of key informants in the form of atri-dimensional model,its content validity according to the opinions of the expert group, and its reliability by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient [α,=. 964, α,=. 960 ] and C. R. [. 967, . 962] was confirmed. According to the findings, mos t of the respondents evaluated the functions of facilitators (47. 06%), the capabilities of facilitators (52. 94%), and the facilitation impacts (46. 57) at a moderate level. According to the Spearman correlation coefficient, there is a positive and significant relationship between the three components of facilitation functions, facilitation capabilities, and facilitation impacts. According to the structural model test, the research variables explain 75% of the variance of the dependent variable, the consequences of the facilitators' activities, and the independent variable of capabilities explains 58. 9% of the variance of the mediating variable of functions. Considering these findings, it can be concluded that the formation of a sustainable stream of entrepreneurship among rural women requires the use of facilitators who have the necessary capabilities and targeted their function to support women in the entrepreneurial process. Therefore, it seems necessary to integrate and strengthen facilitation training in agricultural extension education programs and courses to develop and improve the professional capability development of extension practitioners.

This study explored the application of Narver & Slater's Market-Driven orientation scales on development of the extension, training and educational programs for rural women in the Kurdis tan Province. This s tudy used the Narver & Slater market orientated scale as a theoretical framework of the research and the casual-correlation research method was used as a research method. The statistical population of this study was agricultural agent who worked in both government and non-government organizations in the Kurdistan Province (N=504). Based on Cochran formula, a sample of 216 was selected for the study. The instrument used was a researcher-made questionnaire. Considering the 15% probability of non-response, the researcher distributed 248 questionnaires in the statistical population by stratified proportional sampling. The validity of the questionnaire was reviewed and confirmed by a group of experts and theta reliability coefficient (81/0-0/88) was used to determine the reliability of different parts of questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to determine scales influencing the development of market based educational extension program by AMOS24. The results showed that three market-oriented variables and innovation had direct and positive effects on development of market based educational extension program. . Therefore, it can be said that in order to achieve market-driven research goals, attention to innovation and market-oriented components of Extension training and education programs should be given serious attention.

The increasing trend of technology development as well as changes in market demand, have made requirement of human resources in the agricultural sector for lifelong learning and continuous updating of their professional competencies, as an undeniable necessity in the path of resilience in the working world. In this regard, the main purpose of the current practical research which conducted based on a mixed research paradigm, was identifying the main educational requirements of human resources in the agricultural sector in order to improve designing both formal and informal agricultural education programs, through a demand-driven approach. Accordingly, 25 experts from the executive, academic and guild unions in the field of labor market and agricultural occupations were purposefully selected by snowball sampling method and studied until achieving saturation threshold. Data were collected through semi-structured qualitative interviews using a researcher-made protocol. Furthermore, the qualitative data were analyzed applying the Grounded Theory methodology by the Strauss method. Lawshe Content Validity Ratio was used to assess the consensus among experts and to evaluate the validity of qualitative findings. According to the findings, the educational needs of human resources were classified into four basic categories of professional requirements namely cognitive competencies consisting of 11 sub-categories with the priority of know how,skills competencies include 12 sub-categories with the priority of technical-specialized skills,attitudinal competencies include 7 sub-categories with the priority of professional commitment,and finally, personal characteristics consisting of 14 sub-categories with the priority of innovation. The aforementioned competency categories and the related priorities can be considered and used in order to synchronize the outputs of formal and informal agricultural education system with the actual needs of the working world as much as possible, through a systematic and holistic approach in content selection processes of agricultural education programs.

Researchers consider social capital as an important component of economic development and a key factor in sustainable rural development, and consider education as a factor in creating and strengthening it too. The aim indicate its high reliability. The statistical population of this study includes all farmers in the province. Due to the size and dispersion of villages, we used two-stage cluster sampling and the required sample size estimated the general variable of social capital with an average of 0. 61 is slightly higher than the average and therefore analysis of the data showed that among the 11 independent variables, education variables, cooperative member on the variable of social capital, which indicates the importance and key role of extension training in improving the social capital of farmers.

Patrick model. For this purpose, two groups of participants were included in present study: Firs t group, Canola growers were of Dasht-e Abbas, Mosian, and Markazi of Dehloran province (N = 175). 117 selected by Morgan stionnaire based on the Kirkpatrick model (reaction, learning, behavior and results) was used for data gathering. In this way, questionnaire was assessed with a Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability (CR). The face and content validity of Razi University Agricultural Extension and Education Department) and average variance extracted (AVE). Descriptive and inferential statis tics (t-tes t, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Friedman and Wilcoxon) were used for data model showed that awareness of canola growers has been increased and scores of growers' awareness before and changes in the behavior of growers, and making important achievements for canola growers. According to the and develop other educational extension programs.

Today, engaging in conservation agriculture is an undeniable necessity, and the knowledge, attitudes and skills the behavior of farmers about conservation agriculture in Kermanshah Province. Statistical population of this study was farmers in Kermanshah Province. The sample size was determined by Bartlett et al. (2001) (n= 370) panel of experts and the convergent validity was done through calculation (AVE), which was equal to 0. 76. In level of education, participation in educational-extension classes, land, favorable attitude and knowledge in the the amount of these variables, the rate of conservation agricultural use behavior also increases. The results also showed that the studied farmers have an appropriate and positive attitude towards conservation agriculture. Farmers' knowledge of conservation agriculture was also good, but their skills in conservation agriculture were assessed as low. Therefore, in order to develop conservation agriculture in Kermanshah province, it is suggested application.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness and barriers analysis of specialized agricultural trainings for members of rural production cooperatives and agricultural joint stock companies in Fars province. The statistical population of this study includes members of rural production cooperatives and agricultural joint stock companies in Fars province who participated in specialized agricultural courses of the Rural Cooperative Organization in 1399, which were held online (due to the spread of coronavirus and compliance with health protocols). Of which 129 were studied by simple random sampling using the Cochran's formula. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire and its design is based on internal and external 0. 74-91-91) and its form and content validity using the opinions of academic experts and also based on the construct validity index (AE = 0. 5-5. 68) Was estimated at the desired level. Mean comparison, ranking, and diagnostic factor analysis tests were used to analyze the results. The results showed that in 5 specialized courses held, the main motivation of members to participate in training courses was to meet job needs. Comparing the between them and after the course participants had a higher attitude. The results of the reactive and behavioral characteristics of the members showed that 80 and 82% of the reaction to the training courses were at a medium specialized agricultural courses, exploratory factor analysis was used in 5 general factors (inadequate content of training courses, low participation of members in courses, inadequacy of the management process, cultural problems, and lack of up-to-date trainers) In summary, about 58% of the total variance explained the barriers to effectiveness.

Considering the expansion of Tehran, the multifaceted problems that the pillars of urban management are facing it. Tehran requires an urban management that requires a participatory and bottom-up development approach to achieve developing in this mega-city. Therefore, the study of participatory management is one of the cases that can help to improve green space of this city. One of the mos t important requirements of urban participation is the existence of a participatory culture that will happen through education. The present study conducted with the aim of necessity to achieve a participatory model of green space management in Tehran Municipality. The method of research was a combined nested method and implemented in three parts. The statistical population of this research consisted of two sections, for the quantitative part, 190 specialists and 150-trained citizens were selected. In qualitative part, 12 experts in green space and urban planning were selected to participate in while for qualitative part a purposeful sampling method used. In order to process information and analysing data, software (PLS-SEM) win3, SPSS win18 and visual paradigm Win 16. 3 were used. The results of structural green space maintenance component. The results also showed that stakeholders can play a role in the design and proper implementation of the participatory management process model following through citizenship training and green space improvement steps.

Research, with its’,all ethical dimensions, is trusteeship with the researcher to explore, reveal and disseminate facts to bounce it to the owner. To do this, introducing the right and reliable source of research data (Statistical population) is the prim discipline to consider although unfortunately this initial regulation is considered less in many researches. Therefore, invalid and unreliable source of date is bothering abundant researches to invalidate their findings regarding facts investigation. Vague research population, sample size, sample selection, and even sample assignment procedure were the most predominant insufficiency biasing research to unveil facts in over 1500 research articles, considerable number of research reports, graduate theses and even Ph.d. dissertations that reviewed in this analytical documentary investigation article. Providing accurate and adequate research proposal,proper and right data,sufficient statistical procedures, realistic analysis, deduction and generalization are four fundamental research principles stressed and enlightened in this article to assist researchers to avoid research obstacles. Because, the more blemished these research principles, the more inaccurate data, and hence the more unreliable results. Thus, recent precise and applicable on-line calculation procedures to determine the sample size based on the characteristics of the confidence level, confidence interval, size, and mos t importantly, the effect size of the research population introduced in this article.