Koomesh
Year:2022 | Volume:24 | Issue:3 (89)|Papers Count:10

A novel coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) was identified in Wuhan, China causing an outbreak of pneumonia worldwide. The first infection of the coronavirus was associated with a kind of seafood. The patient of the covid-19 pandemic was accompanied by the most common symptoms of fever, lung inflammation, dry cough, and tiredness. Researchers have found that natural flavonoid and antioxidant products such as wildly phytomedicine and antiinflammatory drugs can play a therapeutically rolls in accelerating the recovery of the viral disease. Fisetin, a known flavonoid in fruits and vegetables, is a powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. With the help of drug delivery technology, fisetin can be present in nanoparticles in a targeted manner in a short time with the minimum dose and also the least side effects to create a high degree of effectiveness in the treatment of this virus.

Cancer, as one of the most serious public health problems, is the second-leading cause of death in the world after cardiovascular disease. The number of patients and the resulting mortality are increasing worldwide,therefore, early diagnosis, prevention, and effective treatment of cancer are very important. Current treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy are often non-selective and have side effects. The use of oncolytic viruses (viral therapy) is a new approach to treating cancer. One problem with viral therapy is the lack of selective replication for the virus in cancer cells, meaning that the virus replicates in normal cells. In recent years, various methods have been used to inhibit virus replication in healthy cells and to make selective replication in tumors. Correspondingly, MiRNA targeting is the newest method. The present review article describes the different aspects of making selectivity for replication of oncolytic viruses by the miRNA targeting mechanism.

Introduction: There are various methods for managing and treating motor problems in children with cerebral palsy, which their effectiveness can be measured in muscle tone, gross motor skills, and voluntary movements. Among these intervention methods, Dohsa-Hou treatment approach was designed to affect the motor function of children with cerebral palsy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of this approach specifically on gross motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Materials and Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 24 children with spastic cerebral palsy (aged 4 to 14 years) were randomly assigned to experimental (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. The experimental group received a combination of Dohsa-Hou psycho-motor relaxation therapy with routine occupational therapy interventions and the control group received only routine occupational therapy interventions. Dohsa-Hou method was performed in 16 sessions twice a week for 45 minutes. The gross motor performance scale version 66 was used for the assesement gross motor function, and the Ashworth Muscle Tone Scale was used for measuring muscle spasticity. Results: Based on pre-intervention evaluations, it was found that children in the experimental and control groups did not differ in any of the variables, but after the intervention, the rate of change in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group in controlling motor function (P=0. 001) and in measuring muscle tone (P=0. 001). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the use of Dohsa-Hou method could be effective in promoting gross motor function and modulating muscle tone in children with spastic cerebral palsy aged 4-12 years. Therefore, the use of Dohsa-Hou method can be considered a therapeutic protocol to improve motor function and increase the physical ability of children with cerebral palsy.

Introduction: Tetracaine drop is commonly used in ophthalmic surgeries. Ketorolac drop is an anti-inflammatory drug that has been used in some surgical procedures. The present study compared the effect of Ketorolac and Tetracaine eye drops on the need for sedative and analgesic medications during and after cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 86 patients undergoing cataract surgery were distributed into two equal groups as receiving Tetracaine 0. 5% or Ketorolac 0. 5% eye drops, one drop every 10 min from 30 min before surgery. Postoperative pain, rescue doses of the sedative drugs, hemodynamic variables, nausea and vomiting, hypoxia, and respiratory depression were evaluated in both groups. Results: Significant differences were not found between the two groups based on hemodynamic variables during surgery and recovery period, postoperative pain up to 24 hours, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and complication such as hypoxia and respiratory distress (P>0. 05). Notably, no significant differences were found between the two groups based on midazolam and propofol rescue doses (P>0. 05). Conclusion: There were no significant differences between Tetracaine and Ketorolac eye drops regarding the sedation and analgesia requirements and hemodynamic parameters during and after the cataract operation.

Introduction: Nausea and vomiting after surgery is a relatively common complication that despite advances in prevention and treatment is still the most problematic side effect observed in the recovery room and after surgery. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding dexmedetomidine and fentanyl to bupivacaine on nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing orthopedic lower extremity surgery with spinal anesthesia. Materials and Methods: This randomized double-blind clinical trial study was performed on 40 patients aged 18 to 50 years with anesthesia classes (ASA I, II) who were candidates for lower limb orthopedic surgery (femur). Patients were randomly divided into two groups: 1: (12. 5 mg bupivacaine (2. 5 ccs) and 10 mg fentanyl) and group 2: (12. 5 μ, g bupivacaine and 5 μ, g dexmedetomidine). At recovery times, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery,Patients' nausea and vomiting were assessed. Results: The results of the Chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference between the groups of bupivacaine-dexmedetomidine and bupivacaine-fentanyl in terms of nausea and vomiting only 6 hours after surgery (P=0. 034). At 6 hours postoperatively, the frequency of nausea and vomiting in patients in the bupivacaine-fentanyl group (50%) was higher than in the bupivacaine-dexmedetomidine group (25%). Conclusion: Although in most minutes of the study, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of vomiting nausea, at 6 hours after surgery, there was a significant difference between the bupivacainedexmedetomidine and bupivacaine-fentanyl groups in terms of nausea. In addition to its analgesic effects, dexmedetomidine appears to prevent nausea and vomiting in patients after surgery.

Introduction: Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common complication of spinal anesthesia. Numerous drugs have been proposed to prevent or treat post spinal headache, but no definitive treatment is still available. Gabapentin has widely been used for prophylaxis or treatment of different types of headache, so in this study, the preventive effect of gabapentin on PDPH after cesarean section surgery was evaluated. Materials and Methods: 100 eligible pregnant women candidate for elective cesarean section were evaluated in this prospective double blind randomized study in two groups: intervention (gabapentin 600 milligram, n=50) and control (placebo, n=50). Patients received oral medications two hours before performing the spinal anesthesia and were followed up for three days after surgery, asked about the occurrence and severity of headache, analgesic consumption and any complications like drowsiness or vertigo. . Results: Two study groups were similar in terms of age, gestational age, height and weight (P>0. 05). The overall incidence of headache in the intervention group (6%, N=3) was significantly lower than the control group (20%, n=10) (P<0. 05). The prevalence of analgesic consumption in the intervention group (n=0) was markedly lower than control group (12%, n=6) (P=0. 01). In addition, the severity of headache was less in the intervention group in the third followup day (P<0. 05). No significant complications like vertigo and drowsiness were observed in both groups Conclusion: Gabapentin was an effective and safe drug for preventing post-dural puncture headache and reducing its severity after spinal anesthesia in cesarean section surgery. It should be considered as part of a multimodal approach to prevent PDPH.

Introduction: One of the psychosocial problems in communities is the increasing rate of divorce and family disintegration host building. The study aimed to investigate the causes of divorce in the couples referring to family courts in Semnan, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 335 divorce applicants who referred to Semnan Justice from the 2018 to 2019 were included in the study. The data collection tool is a two-part questionnaire. The first part contains the characteristics of demographics and the second part contains the possible reasons for divorce, which were identified on a 5-point Likert scale with ineffective, very low, low, high or very high answers, one of which is he/she had chosen his/her own. Results: Mean±, SD of the age of divorce applicants was 31. 1±,8. 6, duration of marriage was 8. 2±,7. 6 years. The duration of marriage, 43. 9% of them were under 5 years. The type of marriage 62. 1% were traditional. Eight factors (34 item) were extracted using factor analysis. According to them, the violence (emotional-physical) and then the socio-cultral factor had the most effect and the unrestrained factor had the least effect on the divorce petition. In the socio-cultral factor, the item “, cultrul differences with the spouse”,and then “, lack of culture of dialouge between families”, , in the factor of vielence, the item “, spouse’, s temper and nervousness”,and in the factor of economic probless, the item “, irresponsibility”,played a greater role in seeking divorce. Women conidered the causes of violence, sociocultrual and economic problems, emotional-intellectual immaturity and unrestrainted to be more effective than men in seeking divorce (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Findings showed that choosing the right spouse, which is achieved with sufficient knowledge of the partner, can prevent many of the couple’, s subsequent problems. In this regard, considering the duration of appropriate acquaintance to achieve sufficient familiarity of couples with each other in the areas of personel characteristics, sociocultural, beliefs and values of each other can be helpful.

Introduction: According to previous studies, contraceptive methods were one of the factors that have been associated with the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of women in different societies. This study aimed to investigate the association between contraceptive methods and HRQoL in women. Materials and Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted on married women of reproductive age (20 to 50 years) residing in district 13 of Tehran between 1394 and 1396. Data on social-demographic information and contraceptive methods have been collected using valid questionnaires through interviews. Data on HRQoL was collected using the Persian version of Short-Form 12-Item Health Survey version-2 (SF-12v2). Results: The mean age of the participants was 38. 6±, 6. 9 years. The predominant method of contraception in about half of the participants (46. 9%) was the natural method. Mean physical and psychological summary scores of quality of life in women aged 20-35 years were 49. 6±, 9. 9 and 46. 6±, 10. 3, respectively, and in women >35 years were 47. 4±, 8. 4 and 46. 7±, 10. 8, respectively. Except for the bodily pain subscale in women aged 20-35 years (P=0. 005), the HRQoL scores in none of its subscales were significantly different in women using different methods of contraception. In the adjusted model, the chance of reporting poor HRQoL in the psychological dimension in women aged 35-50 years using hormonal methods was 2. 36 times higher than in women using the natural method (95% CI=1. 00-5. 57, P=0. 05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that in women aged 35-50 years, using hormonal methods of contraception compared to the natural method can lead to a weaker assessment of the psychological dimension of HRQoL. Correspondingly, this result was not observed for the physical dimension of HRQoL for any of the methods in the studied age groups.

Introduction: One of the most common manifestations of diabetic peripheral neuropathy is postural impairment and proprioception deficits. Whole Body Vibration (WBV) is a relatively new somatosensory stimulation, the effects of which on balance and proprioception in patients with diabetic neuropathy have not been adequately studied. This study aimed to investigate the effects of WBV on balance and proprioception of the ankle joint in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 30 patients with diabetic neuropathy who were enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups (15 patients in each group). The WBV group was subjected to WBV with a frequency of 30 Hz and an amplitude of 2 mm for 6 weeks and twice a week. Postural stability, balance indices, and ankle proprioception were measured before and after the intervention with the Biodex Balance System, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer, respectively. Results: The results of this study showed that the static and dynamic postural stability indices in different axes with eyes open showed a significant improvement in the intervention group (except for the dynamic stability index of the mediolateral axis). The repositioning error angle also showed a significant decrease in the maximum inversion minus 5 °, . But the BBS and repositioning error angle at 15 °,inversion did not change significantly after 6 weeks of intervention. Conclusion: WBV can improve postural stability and ankle position sense in people with diabetic neuropathy. Clinical improvements in functional balance were also observed in these patients. WBV may be suggested to prevent progressive balance changes in diabetic patients.

Introduction: Due to the high prevalence of communication disorders, augmentative and alternative communication methods are one the options ahead to solve the problems of these people. Since there are no complex tools for Persian-speaking children with communication disorders, we decided to design communication assistant software for these children that produces sound output. Materials and Methods: In the first step, 337 basic Persian words were selected based on an extensive literature review on basic words of Persian-speaking children and consultation with experts. To evaluate the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and the Content Validity Index (CVI), nine speech and language pathologists commented about the appropriateness of the words and 247 words remained. Then, the images of the remaining words were designed by a graphic designer, and, their CVI was evaluated by 6 speech and language pathologists. In the next step, words were audio recorded by an experienced speaker in the studio. Then, a programmer designed the AAC software as a crossplatform software based on the words and their images using the C # programming language. Results: According to Lawshe’, s model, for nine experts, the words with a CVR value of >0. 78 have remained. In addition, the CVI of the final 247 words was 0. 95 and the total CVI for images was estimated as 0. 8. Conclusion: The results revealed that the designed electronic AAC system has a good content validity for Persianspeaking children with communication disorders.