JOURNAL OF WETLAND ECOBIOLOGY
Year:2022 | Volume:14 | Issue:51|Papers Count:7

The development of tourism in wetlands by observing its environmental criteria can provide sustainable incomes for its management and protection while creating more dependence of local communities on the wetland. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to prepare a business plan for the sustainable development of the wetland and its surrounding areas with an emphasis on the mutual increase and productivity of economic efficiency and environmental sustainability. In this regard, by examining the position of the plan in the above documents, identifying and analyzing the current state of lands in various fields, identifying the views and expectations of stakeholders, and using Turner's colorful spaces idea approach, to develop a strategic plan document (mission, goals, and strategies) and the spatial-physical planning document (scalable functions and functional levels) is discussed. The study was conducted during the year 2020-2021. Then, by discovering the market price and analyzing the supply, demand of the proposed uses, and surveying the key stakeholders, the project proposal (comprehensive plan) is presented. Finally, the physical program scenarios are examined from a financial perspective and in the form of cost-benefit analysis, and for different uses, costs, and revenues, estimates, and investment packages are presented. Tourism complexes include a nature park, a sports park, a health village, nature-marking sports, and a rural bazaar as a result of the design. The results also show that the business project of tourism development in Kani Barazan wetland in all uses, is financially justifiable and according to the calculated internal rate of return, has the necessary attractiveness for investment based on the obtained findings, the net present value (NPV) of the whole project is 5. 4 billion Tomans, the internal rate of return (IRR) is about 35% and the cost-benefit ratio (B / C) is 1. 12 and the payback period (PBP) is 5 years. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the plan implementation for government and local authorities according to the economic and natural capacities of the region and the economic justification of the project.

Due to the increasing production of nanoparticles and their useful applications in biological systems, so far few studies have been conducted on the side effects of these substances on living organisms. The special and unique properties of nanoparticles will also lead to unique potential hazards. On the other hand, nanoparticles may have different effects under different conditions and damage living organisms by entering aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, in this study, in order to evaluate the effects of nanoparticles in aqueous media, Co2O3 nanoparticles on hard freshwater zooplankton, Daphnia magna, were used in both distilled water and Karun River water in Ahvaz in 2018. Accordingly, Daphnia magna was exposed to concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 nanoparticles for 96 hours at a temperature of 20-25 °,C. Important water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, acidity (pH) were controlled according to the standard during the experiment. LC50 was statistically analyzed at 24, 48, 96. 72 hours using Probit methods. LC50 values of 96 hours for cobalt nano oxide in distilled water and Karunriver water were 121. 04 and 95. 902 mg /l, respectively. According to the results of this study, the mortality rate of D. magna in the presence of cobalt oxide nanoparticles in samples containing river water is higher than samples of distilled water, which may be due to the possible presence of other pollutants and their interaction effects in natural environments. SAFE (Safety Factor) and SAR (Safe Application Rate values for this nanoparticle were also recommended in both environments.

In recent years, the use of Biochar has been considered to remove pollutants such as Nitrate. Due to the increase in Nitrate concentration in Water Sources and the biological consequences resulting from it, in this research, the efficiecny of Three adsorbants Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar, Broken Ceramic, Cocopeat was investigate in Nitrate absorption an aqueous solution. In this research, which done at laboratory of shahid chamran university of Ahvaz in 2020, the response surface method based on the Box-Behnken design, has been used to evaluate the effect of independent variables of pH, Temperature, amount of absorbent on the response performance. Also, the adsorption kinetics and adsorption Isotherms, were investigated in the three types of adsorbents SEM, XRD, CHNSO and FTIR Studied, in order to investigate the chemical structure of the Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar box adsorbent. the adsorbent was analyzed. The results showed that, by increasing the amount of adsorbent and contact time, the amount of Nitrate removal increased, while by increasing pH the initial concentration of Nitrate, its removal efficiency decreased. Also, all Three types of adsorbents studied in the isotherm models, were more consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model. By comparing the coefficients of determination in Two Kinetic models of the First order and pseudo-second order. The adsorption process was better described with the pseudo-second-order Kinetic model. Finally, the maximum removal percentage was calculated and the values predicted the Box-Behnken model for removal by Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar was 69. 7%, Broken Ceramic was 39. 4% and Cocopeat was 25. 1%. the result of it shows that, more Nitrate is absorbed by Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar box is better than the other Two absorbents.

One of the factors affecting the water quality behind dams is the occurrence of processes such as thermal stratification and nutritionalism, which causes a sharp decline in water quality. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of thermal and nutritional layering of the Minab Dam reservoir and the effect of layering on the quality of drinking water in Bandar Abbas. In order to simulate and study the process of thermal layering and nutrition of the dam reservoir, samples were taken from 3 stations inside the dam for a period of one year from June 1, 1997 to the end of May 1998 and the layering method was Examined using the two-dimensional qualitative model CEQUAL-W2. Modeling studies showed that the reservoir of Minab Dam has a summer stratification cycle for 10 months and mixing is done from December to March with decreasing temperature. Complete mixing takes place in December. The reservoir is in nutritional condition. The maximum temperature difference between the upper and lower layers of water was about 23 degrees in late August. The findings also showed that the presence of thermal stratification in the dam lake indicates changes in physical, chemical and biological quality of water at different levels, which with a duration of 10 months leads to inadequate water quality in the reservoir quality in the reservoir, of course inadequate drinking water quality in Bandar Abbas. With the continuation of these changes for 10 months, the layering of water quality downstream of the dam has changed. And the quality changes of drinking water in Bandar Abbas are also interpreted in this regard. Therefore, it is better to help the vertical mixing of the reservoir in different seasons of the year, especially the watery season, by extracting more water from the lower valves of the reservoir, in which case the nutritional conditions of the reservoir will be improved by reducing phosphate released from the floor sediments.

Today, the environmental and habitat importance of wetlands has been revealed for all societies and special attention is paid to urban wetlands for recreation, boating, fishing, hunting, and aquaculture. One of the most important natural-man-made wetlands of Gilan province is located in Lahijan city and is called Lahijan pool. The objectives of this research were to investigate and identify the phytoplankton, zooplankton, and aquatic communities of this wetland in five stations and during four seasons. From the fall of 2017 to the summer of 2018 in this habitat, which has an area of 11 hectares and a depth of less than 4 meters, planktons and crustaceans were sampled by standard methods and the results showed that the average water surface temperature was 17. 16 ±,7. 3 degrees Celsius, dissolved oxygen The water level was 7. 05 milligrams per liter, the pH of the water depth was 3. 85, and the average percentage of organic matter was 3. 29 ±,1. 26. Phytoplanktons was identified in 7 branches and 29 genera, and in terms of annual abundance, blue-green algae ranked first with 48% and Bacillophyta ranked second with 43%. 4 groups and 18 species of zooplankton have been identified in this ecosystem, of which pinnipeds were the most abundant with 35%. Oligochaeta and Chironomide larvae were the only identified benthic groups that had 167 numbers per square meter. In general, the species diversity of plankton and crustaceans in this wetland was low, but the density of the present species was determined to be relatively high. According to the physicochemical characteristics of the water and the planktonic and benthic species of this lagoon, it should be considered a eutrophic ecosystem, but of course, the input and output of water and the aeration that takes place in it can create the conditions for the breeding of some tropical fish or crabs. Make fresh water possible.

Wetlands are one of the most important biosphere resources in the world, but these ecosystems are always at risk of being threatened. To reduce these risk factors and achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to have information and to adopt programs and policies to protect wetlands. To achieve this goal in the Miangaran wetland of Izeh city of Khuzestan province, in first the internal and external factors were identified after a field visit and completion of a questionnaire by the Statistical community as well as experts. AHP and Expert choice software were used to weighting the internal (IFE) and external (EFE) factors. Then, based on the results of the internal and external factor evaluation matrix, appropriate strategies were developed, and finally, using the QSPM matrix of strategies, their scoring and preference were determined. According to the results, 7 strength factors & 16 weakness factors were identified as internal factors and 6 opportunity factors and 14 threat factors were identified as external factors. Based on the results of the internal and external factor evaluation matrix, the position of the defense strategy was proposed. Based on the analysis of QSPM matrix, the strategy of strengthening the environmental monitoring and implementation of the environment and the development of the wetland ownership document as the first priority of important strategic planning for the protection of this area was achieved. Based on the obtained results, it can be stated that due to the existence of high threat factors, the vulnerability threshold of this region is very high and requires reviewing and presenting appropriate policies to address the limitations, which according to the strategy. They are extracted and with proper planning and management, sustainable development in the area can be achieved.

There are different mathematic methods to analyze and interpretation of water quality characters but the water quality index is a simple method and has application. Zarivar Lake is the most important aquatic ecosystem and unique water area in Kurdistan province, which is important in terms of providing suitable conditions for aquatic species and amphibians. The aim of this study was to evaluate the water quality of Zarivar Lake in the west of Iran. In this study, according to the available parameters, three indices of TLI TSI, and WQINSF were used to determine the quality of water of Zarivar Lake. Different parameters of lake water were analyzed for 18 months in different seasons. Based on the TLI index, the Zarivar Lake was identified with a numerical value of 25. 26 as the hypertrophy ecosystem. The value of the TSI index is 64. 06, which is in the third class (Eutrophic) of the category. Based on the WQINSF index, Zarivar Lake has a moderate status with a numerical value of 55. 7 and is classified in the third class. According to the calculated indicators, Zarivar Lake has a eutrophic condition and so water quality in Zarivar Lake was not suitable during the study period. Therefore, it is necessary to take strict instructions, especially for domestic, agricultural and wastewater, to protect the water supply from hazardous wastes.