Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences
Year:2016 | Volume:6 | Issue:1 (10) |Papers Count:6

Experiencing childhood traumatic events and deviant personality traits increase the risk of substance use. In order to test this hypothesis, the current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of experiencing childhood traumatic events and personality deviance and risk of substance use among university students. The method of this research was correlation.One hundred and fifty students, selected by multistage random sampling from population of students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University, participated in this study. Questionnaires of substance use risk (Conrod, 2000), and experience of childhood traumatic events and personality deviance scale (Bedford and Fouldz, 1978) were used to gather data. Gathered data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests. The result of regression analysis showed that 14% of variance of substance use risk are explained by childhood traumatic experiences death of closed person and sexual harassments (p<0.02) and 18% of variance of its explained by deviance traits of lack of self-confidence and submissiveness (p<0.001). These results documented that childhood traumatic events and personality deviant traits are considered as two important risk factors for substance use.

An important aspect of university life is romantic relationships. Research has showed these relationships effect major areas of youth function such as close relationships, identity development, sexual development, and peer relationships. The present study examined the gender differences in attachment style and personality traits in love styles among university students. For this purpose, among Ardebil university students, 200 participants were selected based on random sampling. Participants were responded the HEXACO Personality Inventory (Ashton & Lee, 2004), attachment styles scale (Colins & Reed, 1990) and Love Attitude Scale (Hendric & Hendric, 1989). The investigation of gender differences in love styles showed that boys reported higher scores in ludus and pragma and girls reported higher scores in eros (P<0.01, P<0.05). Also regression analyses showed that, in boys, conscientiousness, and in girls close attachment were as a significant predictor of eros. Also, in boys, honesty-humility predicts ludus, and anxious attachment and agreeableness predict pragma. In girls, emotionality and anxious attachment predict pragma (P<0.01, P<0.05). The findings of this study are debatablein order to understand the factors that influence the love styles.

Social interactidn dysfunction is one of the main features of children with Asperger syndrome.The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effect of kata techniques training on improvement of social interaction in three boys with Asperger syndrome. In this study, a single-subject method was used. Participanted in a 12 week sessions of Heian Shodan kata training. Improvement in the severity of social dysfunction was assessed by the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-Second Edition during the experimental phase and one month after termination of the intervention through one week intervals.Heian Shodan kata training improved social interaction of three participants (PND=83.33% for first and third participants, PND=75% for the second participant) This improvement was maintained for 1 month after termination of intervention. It is recommend that effectiveness of this intervention should be evaluated through experimental researche as well.

This study aimed to analyze the contents of reading and writing textbooks in third grade elementary from the Perspective of emphasis on the components of executive functions (working memory, response inhibition, and management time).This research is descriptive and content analysis by applying "Shannon Entropy" method. The population is consisted of all elementary school textbooks. The sample be consisted of reading and writing textbooks the third grade elementary in the 2014-2015. Research tool was Checklist executive functions based on scientific principles of executive functions () Which was developed by the researcher and content validity was established by 10 specialists. The results showed importance coefficient of components of executive functions in reading and writing textbooks are almost identical (%33).Given the role that response inhibition has in children's cognitive development and educational and with regard to researchers emphasis on this component, is essential that authors of reading and writing textbooks have to pay necessary attention to response inhibition in the next edition.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive hope enhancing training on the Emotional victimizationof female bullying victims in Secondary highschool students city of Bukan(Academic Year 92-93). promote hope in the Snyder theory is cognitive –motivation process that helps Who are at risk of adverse events of life the ability to design, implement and follow up the goals. This has been a half-experimental research with a pre-test, post-test plan and a control group. For this 30 pupils were randomly selected as the sample group and then randomly divided into two 15-person groups, (an experimental group and a control group). The experimental group was taken under cognitive hope enhancing training during 8 sessions (each 90 min) and 1 session per week, while the control group was not. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Covariance Test) using SPSS software. The results showed that applying this program as an effective intervention reduced their Emotional victimization (p<0.05).According to The results of this study, It is suggested that cognitive hope enhancing training program be as part of a Inservice training for schools counselors.

The main objective this research was to investigate relationship identity styles and religious orientation religious orientation with universitystudents’ general health. The sample of the study (N=325) was chosen through applying multistage and stratified random sampling methods. The research instruments included GHQ-28, Identity Style Questionnaire, and Religious Orientation Questionnaire. The data analysis indicated that there was a positive and significant relationship between informative identity (p<0.05) and external religious orientation (p<0.01) with social malfunctioning. Also, there was a negative and significant relationship between normative identity and physical symptoms (p<0.01). Specially, the findings of this study suggested that religion and identity as two important personal and social components can influence some aspects of physical and psychological life of people, and based on them physical and psychological health can be predicted. Thus, paying attention to their formation and development is very important.