Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences
Year:2018 | Volume:7 | Issue:2 (13) |Papers Count:5

In contemporary psychology research positive psychology and human abilities has been emphasized. Self-compassion is one of the new variables in the field of positive psychology. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of forgiveness and life satisfaction in explaining self-compassion of students of University of Guilan The statistical population included all students of Guilan University in 2014-2015 academic year, and thus 300 students were selected by multistage cluster sampling and were asked to complete Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003), Forgiveness Scale (Malta & et al, 2003), and Life Satisfaction Scale (Diener & et al, 1985. The results of regression analysis showed that life satisfaction and sensitivity to environmental requirements can predict 9 percent of self-compassion (p<0.05). Lasting hate and tendency to forgiveness are no significant predictors. The fact that some aspects of self-compassion is explained by forgiveness and life satisfaction, forgiveness and life skills training can be improve life satisfaction and self-compassion.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the developmental trend of spiritual transcendence from adolescence to elderly in the city of Isfahan (90-91). Therefore 409 participants were selected and divided into 4 age groups: 77 subjects in 14-18 age group, 202 subjects in 19-39 age group, 113 subjects in 40-65 age group, and 23 subjects in 66-88 age group from both genders. The sampling in the adolescent group was done using multi-stage random sampling while in other groups it was based on availability. The participants consisted of 213 females and 196 males. The Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments Scale (ASPIRES) (Piedmont, 2010) was used to study the development of spiritual transcendence. ASPIRES was analyzed to verify its validity and reliability. The results of variance analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the development of the spirituality transcendence between the different age groups (p<0.05). Paired comparisons also showed a significant difference with regard to age groups (p<0.05). This difference was between the age group (14-18) and age groups (40-65) and (66-88) and also between age group (19-39) and (40-65) and (66-88). The spirituality transcendence development from adolescence to elder ages showed an increasing trend with a maximum at the older ages while the trend of spiritual transcendence development was similar in both males and females.

In order to make good decisions and solve complex problems of society today, creativity is one of the basic aspects of education systems. The purpose of this paper was to examine the efficacy of creativity training using Lego on self-confidence and problem-solving ability of children (4-6 year old) in Yazd City. The research design was experimental with pretest and posttest with training and control groups. The population of this study was all of the children (4-6 year old) attending kindergartens of Yazd city. A total of 40 of them were selected by random multilevel sampling and assigned to the experimental and control groups (20 in each group). To assess the children's self-confidence and problem-solving ability a semi-structured clinical interview was used. Creativity training program using the Lego as an experimental factor in 9 sessions of 60 minutes in three times a week was conducted for the experimental group. The results of MANCOVA showed that the experimental group at the end of training had more self-confidence and problem-solving ability than the control group. It can be concluded that creativity training increases self-confidence and problem-solving of children.

Suffering from chronic diseases including epilepsy during adolescence is a crisis for the whole family. Among the affected areas in these families is mother-child relationship quality which necessitates special attention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of child relationship training based on ACT on the parent-adolescent conflict of mothers with epileptic child. This study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The population included mothers with epileptic teenagers of Isfahan city. Participants recruited through convenient sampling from Esfahan Epilepsy Center.24 mothers were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of training and control with the equal sample sizes. They completed the Conflict Tactics Scales as the pretest and posttests. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed a significant decrease in parent-adolescent conflict in the mean posttest in the training group as compared to the control group (p<0.05). In addition, the findings showed a significant increase in reasoning scores (p<0.05) and a significant decrease in the scores of verbal and physical aggression(p<0.05). According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that parent-child relationship training based on ACT, decreases parent-adolescent conflicts.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of schema therapy on maladaptive schemas of Tehranian patients with chronic low back pain. This study was group quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Thus 10 patients with chronic low back pain who were referred to pain specialized clinic or neurosurgery clinic of Akhtar and Imam Hussein Hospitals (AS) in Tehran, were selected with purposive sampling method (non-probabilistic). All patients completed the 90-Item Short Form of Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-SF) in the pre-test, post-test and a 2 months follow-up. The results of Friedman test & Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that schema therapy significantly reduced the scores of maladaptive schemas in post-test and this reduction was remained in the follow up, while, there was no significant reduction between schema scores in post-test and follow up period. According the results of this study the schema therapy can be used as appropriate treatment method to reduce maladaptive schemas in patients with chronic pain and probably provide secondary prevention of pain consequences in chronic pain patients.