SOCIOLOGY OF CULTURE AND ART
Year:2022 | Volume:4 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

In all societies dress and adornment play symbolic, communicative and aesthetic roles. As Wilson puts it, “, Dress is always unspeakably meaningful”, . That is why, “, issues like social identity, body, gender, appearance or self-representation lie at the center of any definition of fashion and clothing”, . If it is true that clothing is an important signifier of identification with subcultures, we can claim that women, in Iran, have made their own feminine subculture through using fashionable clothing styles. Zoroastrian and Mandaean women constitute the statistical population of the study. The research method was descriptiveanalytical and the method of data collection was library and field. In this article, the clothing of women of Zoroastrian and Mandaean religious minorities in celebrations and rituals as well as in daily life will be examined and the similarities and differences in clothing and the affecting factors will be discussed. This study presents these two minority ethnic groups view of cover as cultural and identity-building media. The results indicate that Zoroastrians and Mandaeans, with a uniform and religious cover with its own characteristics, have a tendency to preserve their ethnic identity. Also, they owe way of dressing, despite the religious differences, there are similarities with colors and beliefs in the clothes and if the tendency to traditional, ethnic and religious dress still exists among the minorities of Iran, it is only limited to their private ceremonies and gatherings, and they have the same dress in their daily lives as other Iranians.

The core of the monster's emergence, according to Foucault, is a mixture or hybrid that emerges at the junction of nature and law and challenges order. The main purpose of this paper is to study the concept of the monster from Foucault's perspective and to analyze the place of this concept in Foucault's thought, in order to be able to use the concept of the monster in connection with visual representation in art. The main research questions are: (1) How did Foucault conceptualize the monster in the various coordinates and dimensions of his thought? (2) Given the importance of the issue of representation in the "Las Meninas" painting by Velá, zquez and Foucault's special attention to this artwork from the perspective of that issue, what is the relationship between Foucault's monster and visual representation in this work? The content analysis approach and analytical-descriptive method were used in this research. The findings show that for Foucault the monster is an autonomous, violent, but ultimately natural form of the abnormal and how Foucault encounters the concept of the monster primarily is associated with decentralization of the normal. In Las Meninas painting, monsters are the ones who distort the order of representation or are completely out of representation.

As a modern society, Iran has made considerable advances in all fields, including thought, politics, religion, family, art, clothing, etiquette, etc. The embodiment has also been affected by increasing development. The body contributes to the formation of the social self when the body is present in the communication context and therein the photo, the body, and the social network are connected to each other,because virtual networks such as Instagram provide the opportunity to show the photos to all people, and also provide the opportunity to have interaction with others and discuss the visual content. The opportunity is provided due to the fact that the communication contexts can be used for exhibitions that like in real-life, are based on the nature of the incarnation. Therefore, the online actions of Instagram users are often based on the nature of the incarnation. This research was conducted using the qualitative method of semiotics and the semiotic theory proposed by Kress and van Leeuwen was used to examine the Instagram pages. The Instagram pages were selected from Iranian female fashion designers using a purposeful sampling method. According to the findings, due to rising image-centric social networks, embodiment and Privacy Boundaries have been also affected. Therefore, we conclude that the two fashion designers make the audience interested in their pages by various measures, including beautiful physical appearance, showing expensive products, creative photography techniques, surrealism, individual characteristics, and publishing personal and private information.

Jalal Malekshah is one of the modern Kurdish poets whose poetic experience dates back to pre-Islamic Revolution. He first wrote poetry in Persian, and although he was not very old, he became a member of the Writers' Association of Iran due to his special ability in writing. After the fall of the Pahlavi regime, he started composing Kurdish poetry due to the current situation and the atmosphere in Kurdish society, and he soon achieved success. One of the most important features of Jalal's poetry is the reflection of society's issues and social conditionss. He had a restless and protesting psyche because of the many problems he saw. His protests, which mostly concern his social self, sometimes take on an ideological color and in this regard, he has been able to use the language of poetry to fight against injustices, oppression and poverty. In reflecting social conditions, he has been able to show the ugly face of his society in the form of poetry and a few short stories he wrote. In this research, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical method, using content analysis techniques, we try to interpert the problems of society in Jalal's poems. The results of the research indicate that Jalal's poetry is a diagram of suffering and persecution from his point of view on society and on the other hand he has been able to show the view of some social groups in his poetry. In fact, his poetry, as Lukach puts it, reflects the problems of his society.

Reproductive behavior indicates a person's intellectual background, decisionmaking, and ultimately performance in having a child. Social researchers consider the changes in the family as the inevitable result of structural changes in society, especially ideological changes. In this study, fertility behavior in relation to the variables of religiosity, media consumption and education level has been studied by survey method. The statistical population of the present study was married women aged 15-49 years old in Tabriz, which according to the 2016 census, their number is about 338220 people. The sample size was estimated to be 498 people using Cochran's formula and the sampling method was multi-stage cluster. In order to collect data, standard and researcher-made questionnaires were used. The descriptive findings of the study showed that 12. 9% of the women were childless and 75. 5% of women had one or two children. The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between religiosity and women's fertility behavior and with increasing the level of women's religiosity, their fertility and childbearing behavior improved. While there was a significant inverse relationship between women's media consumption and their reproductive behavior. Also, the fertility rate of women was significantly different based on the level of education of women and their husbands.

The present article is taken from an exploratory research based on a qualitative methodology. It seeks to provide an analysis of the cultural status of Sistan and Baluchestan province based on its strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats, as well as the needs and cultural demands of this province. The results of the study confirm that Sistan and Baluchestan province suffers from major weaknesses in the field of culture,Such as weakness in cultural and artistic infrastructure, lack of unity of opinion and practice, lack of cultural and artistic awareness, lack of market for cultural and artistic products, and lack of support from artists. The most important strengths of the province are: rich cultural and civilizational history, the existence of geographical and natural diversity, the existence of significant human capacities and talents. Existence of capabilities and facilities for exporting cultural and artistic elements, and existence of knowledge-based ecosystem and creative cultural-artistic industries are among the most important opportunities that Sistan and Baluchestan province can take advantage of culturally and artistically. This is while rethinking in discourses and stereotyped cultural attitudes, investing in and supporting youth and activists in the field of culture and art, strengthening art galleries and art production workshops and product-oriented activities, and supporting local content producers and the selection of committed and expert managers are the most important demands and needs of the field of culture and art of this province. According to the results, it is suggested to strengthen the cultural and artistic infrastructure, as well as the activities of mass media and cultural-artistic associations in the province.

Current research has been done by the purpose of analyzing gypsiesʼ,lived experience of social exclusion. We try to describe and interpret Khoramabad gypsiesʼ, s life world and semantic system of exclusion and marginal subsistence. On this basis, interpretive paradigm and methodological phenomenology are used to gain insight about gypsies intersubjectivities by refrence to their marginal community life history. Semi-structured interview tools and group discussion were taken to collect data from participants. In this study theoretical saturation was obtained after interviewing with 18 people and holding 2 group discussion sessions. To choose participants, theoretical sampling was based and snowball sampling was employed. The main axis of this research results shows gypsiesʼ,multi-dimensional deprivation and exclusion that has drawn basic concept of subsistence in gypsiesʼ,margin. Producing deprivation cycle of gypsiesʼ,life is described and interpreted in some categories, like: “, gender stereotypes, to subsist in formal economy margin, livelihood trouble and job insecurity homelessness and falling in deprivation cycle, unsuccessful struggling with social acceptance, feeling strangeness and failure since childhood, anxiety about daily life and degrading group bounds, multiplied deprivation, sheltering in urban defenceless areas”, . This group is standed in a continuous exclusion process so that gypsies’,economical exclusion overlaps social, cultural and institutional exclusion which provides their “, falling out”,situation of social subsistence with out considering a way to exit this situation. In struggling with subsistence, they continuously reproduce exclusion of society process through vandalism, criminal and deviant behaviors.

Taste is one of the main signs and elements of social identity that has been considered by many sociologists like Pierre Bourdieu. Bourdieu, inspired by the Weberian tradition of stratification and pluralism studies, cites taste as an acquired mode of social distinction. He argued that culture always gets involved with social class, which reproduces class domination, and called class domination through cultural imposition a symbolic form of violence. The present article is a survey of the influence of class and cultural and social capital on artistic tastes based on Bourdieu's approach. To carry out the survey a reliable and valid questionnaire was designed and distributed among 363 citizens in Shiraz city in 2019. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. Social class affects literary and musical taste, 2. Cultural capital affects the literary and cinematic taste, 3. The individual's education affects the literary, musical, and cinematic tastes, and finally 4. The field of study affects literary, musical, and cinematic tastes.

The construction of a transformed meaning on art as a language was a result of publishing cultural-literary journals after Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1979. The constructed themes at some journals considered the art in relation to social commitment from different viewpoints. These attitudes toward art as referee stands in the field of cultural thought, were influential on the definition trend of contemporary art in post revolution Iran. This paper is raising the question,how the cultural-literary journals dependent to dominant and competing discourses described the art in relation to social commitment at the first decade of 1979 revolution? To respond to this question, 3 journals, i. e., Keyhane Farhangi, Adineh and Donyaye Sokhan published at the mentioned decade were studied and the stance of social committed art in these journals in relation to discursive fields were analyzed. The thematic analysis of selected journals showed two approaches in these journals,an approach considered the art commitment as a necessary issue to strengthen the revolution and religion ideals and the other one considered the art commitment as attention to socialism in a socialistic (left) view, but in every studied journal, social commitment of art, is viewed as a mean to expansion of power field through ideologic artistic production. This approach was biased to dominant discourse (religious-revolutionary discourse) at Keyhane Farhangi journal and biased to competing discourse (intellectual-socialism) at Adineh and Donyaye Sokhan journals.

The present study aims to study the musical tastes of two generations of the Khezel. The research in based on qualitative paradigm and thematic analysis method. To this end, for information collection semi-structured interview technique, and for the data analysis the Clark and Brown model has been used. The target community consists of the parents and children of the 80's that were chosen using purposive strategy sampling, uponwhich saturation was accomplished by comparing theinterview using 90 person (including 30 household). During the process analysis stages, 34 sub-themes and 17 main themes were extracted. The results of this study showed that, in the wake of the increasing changes and influence of superficiality in the different dimensions of art, music has also been affected by the spread and plurality of its expanded art. So that future generations' tastes are established from the beginning through the selection of populism and popular music. On the other hand, the previous generation who are more committed to their traditions and art, they were not immune to these changes and were is step with the times, accepting a wide range of musical styles, creating a severe threat to the existence of noble and excellent music. This shows that the preservation of excellent and noble music is under marginalization. Furthermore, the findings revealed that family attachment did not always imply a cultural devotion to the past. To put it another way, family attachment is commonly acknowledged, but adopting their musical tastes or other parts of culture is no longer required or observed.