PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT SCIENCE QUARTERLY (PESSQ)
Year:2009 | Volume:2 | Issue:5|Papers Count:8

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of aerobic training on blood pressure and blood glucose in patients with hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Forty patients (Male & Female) with up to 140/90 mmHg blood pressure and 120 mg/dl glucose were studied. The subjects were randomly selected and divided in to control and experimental groups. The experimental group consisted of 20 patients (10 males and 10 females) taking part in aerobic training at 60-75% HRR max, three sessions a week and sixty minutes per Session. Then blood pressure, fasting blood glucose Test, weight and BMI were measured before and after the training. The control group, however, received no intervention. The results of this study showed that systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose, weight and BMI decreased in the experimental group (p<0.05) the difference between the two groups in blood glucose, weight and BMI in experimental and the control group was not significant (p>0.05). However, the difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in males and females in the experimental and control groups was significant after the training (p<0.05). Compared to females, the difference in BMI in males was also significant for the experimental group (p<0.05), but the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose and weight in males in the experimental group showed no meaningful difference compared to females (p>0.05). The results on the whole, showed that aerobic training for eight weeks has more effect on systolic and diastolic pressure. They decreased in the experimental group. BMI in males was also reduced more, compared to females.

The aim of this research is to describe stuff manager`s attitudes of Golestan Physical Education Organizations toward dimensions of changing management. Changing management is one of the new subjects of sport management field which has taken into consideration by various sport organizations of developed countries in recent years. As the competition between firms and organizations develop, they examine various ways of restoring their organizations for development and improvement. Molinsax (2005) in result of his research showed that the first part of change making is understanding of it which is subsequently developed in experienced organizations. Dent (2004) also, in his researches revealed that positive attitude of managers takes effect with new operations and periodical processes toward change. Peters (2000) describes that managers could guide their organizations through non-linear and labyrinth like way of organizational grows with making change, reduction and control of chaos due to change. The sample of research is of stuff managers of Golestan General Physical Education Organizations and Physical Education Organizations of town (n=72). Research measurement tool includes: 1.Personal characteristics questionnaire 2. (Fallah) salvation changing management questionnaire (1388) which has 87% Kronbach Alpha. Statistical one-sample t-test and statistical Pierson Correlation Coefficient test, to test research assumption were used. The results showed that stuff managers` attitudes toward performing and understanding the change, id more than expected level and their attitude toward stabilizing and planning the change is in the same level of expected. And also, no meaningful relationship was found between stuff managers’ attitudes toward changing management and their level of education, field of study, age and years of service.

The purpose of this study was to investigate of incidence rate and causes of physical injuries in sport activities and military parade and developing strategies to prevent.1820 soldiers of Garrison (851 soldiers of the secend division and 969 soldiers of the third division), participated in this study as subjects.Results indicated that the cumulative injury incidence during this month was 27.4%, and the injury rate was 10.2 per 100 soldiers per month. Seventy- four percent of the injuries recorded were in the lower extremities. The knee accounted for largest proportion of injuries in both soldiers of second and third divisions (25.3% and 29.2%, respectively). Military parade accounted for 43% of all injuries, and taekwondo caused 23% of injuries. Seventy- five percent of all injuries were moderate and severe. Very severe injuries accounted for the smallest proportion of the total injuries. From the viewpoint of soldiers, the most important causes of injuries were overtraining and improper warm up. In addition, from the viewpoint of martial art trainers and commanders, the main cause of injuries was the insufficient physical fitness.Increasing the level of soldiers’ physical fitness, modifying intensity, duration and volume of training programs, prevention of overtraining and to educate correct methods of warming up to soldiers are typical preventive strategies for sport and training injuries.

Leisure time is closely related to spiritual and cultural life of man and society since one can do whatever he prefers to do and can display his capabilities in his leisure time. This study aims at comparing status of physical activities in leisure time of young girls between 20 to 25 on low income and high income in Tehran. The data collected from 384 young girls aged 20 to 25 (M=22). The questionnaire prepared by the researcher (taken from the leisure time questionnaire prepared by ISSP questionnaire) was completed within 2 weeks voluntarily. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-Squere, Mann-Whittney, Freidman and Kroscal-Walis) were used for comparing the concerned variables between low income and high income groups. The findings indicated that physical activity in leisure time scored 3 and 7 in girls on low incomes and high incomes, respectively. However, girls on high incomes spend more time on physical activities and sports than those on low incomes. Girls on high and low incomes both spend their leisure time on physical activities regardless of their education and only based on their personal interests. By comparison, both high incomes and low incomes groups are satisfied with spending their leisure time to the same extent though the former are more satisfied. Therefore, the results have revealed that there is a meaningful difference between spending leisure time by girls on low incomes and high incomes and status of physical activities and sports in their leisure time.

The present study was designed and performed with the purpose of determining the relationship between the personality characteristics (Big Five Factor), and lateness in super league basketball players of Iran. The method used in this study was correlation. Statistical population in this research was the elite male basketball players and samples were 195 super league basketball players in 1385. Lateness were collected from club records. Also, athlete’s personality characters determined by personality inventory (McRae & Costa) and individual characters and demographic variables by using checklist. The Person correlation coefficient was used for examining hypothesis. The results showed that there were average Neuroticism score, high Extraversion score, average Openness to Experience score, low Agreeableness score, and average Conscientiousness score of elite basketball players in comparison with normal males. Also, the result of present study showed that there were orderly significant positive and negative relationships between Neuroticism, and Agreeableness with lateness. While there were no significant relationships between Extraversion, Openness to Experience, and Conscientiousness, with lateness (P<0.05). The findings of this research suggests that: The Neuroticism and Agreeableness traits from the Big Five factor of personality in sports basketball context (elite basketball players) can be a useful base for lateness.

The purpose of this study was comparison mental health of Athletic male student & non Athletic male student in Islamic Azad University of takestan. for this study 368 student selected from different course and level randomly.in next step subjects were completed MHQ & specific Questionnaire and in Finally, according to the statistical analysis of data, the following results were obtained: mean of mental health & 20 related subscale in Athletic student was better than non-Athletic student and different observed was significant. (P£0.05)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Ramadan fasting (RF) on body composition, aerobic and anaerobic power and strength in elite wrestlers. Sixteen male elite wrestlers (age 20.12 ± 2.5 years, height 171 ± 8.4 cm and BF% 13.39 ± 4.94) participated in this study. The subjects were tested two times [3 days before the beginning of Ramadan (pre-RF) and the last 3 days of Ramadan (post-RF). Body composition was measured using the body composition analyzer, aerobic power by Bruce test and anaerobic power by RAST test. Strength was measured in 3 parts of body [Upper limb (bench press), leg (squat) and trunk (dead lift)]. Results of Paired-samples T test indicated that there were no significant changes in anaerobic power and strength of wrestlers before and after RF. Significant decreases were found in body composition and aerobic power between Pre-RF and post-RF. This study indicated that Ramadan fasting led to a decrease in aerobic power and body fat percentage. Anyway, Ramadan fasting had no adverse effect on the subjects. Athletes can save their physical capacity and sport performance with delicacy in choose in training type and volume, daily caloric intake and food type, body fluid and electrolytic balance, total sleeping hours.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors injury in elite karate player during one competitions session in a follow up study.Methods: Thirty male athlete (mean age: 22.83±3.06, mean weight: 68.21±8.72) participated in this study. And they participated in muscular strength and flexibility tests at base line. The strength and flexibility of hip, knee and shoulder evaluated by manual isometric muscle Test and Leighton felexometer, respectively questionnaire also used for collecting demographics as age, weight, former injuries, performance level and. Pierson correlation coefficient used for determination of relation between muscle strength and flexibility also Chi square test used for determination of relation between demographics characteristic of subjects and their rate injury.Results: we observed a positive relationship between past injuries as a risk factor for injury and rate of injury (P=0.019), although, there were not any meaning full differences between strength, flexibility, age, weight, performance level and rate of injury.Conclusion: Although there was not any difference between muscular strength and flexibility with rate of injury in karate player it seem the results of present study may help to coaches and clinicians for designing a suitable rehabilitation and training program for prevention of re injury, specially in injured individuals.