PEDAGOGIC AND LYRIC IN PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE STUDIES QUARTERLY
Year:2012 | Volume:- | Issue:10|Papers Count:10

Lullabies are first symbol of women's literature. Some of them have religious content. Mothers by them instruct religious & moral teaching to their children. we want to consider this teaching in Persian & Arabic lullabies. Of participation points in Persian and Arabic religious lullabies are: mothers want help of God for their children, pray for sweet dream for them and teach main Islam orders to them. Some of contents in Persian religious lullabies are: prayer for service their children to Imam Reza, Hazrat Massome and Shahe cheragh. Main contents in Arabic religious lullabies are: mothers use name of Mecca and Kaaba and sentences La Elaha Ella Allah and Mohammad Rasol Allah.

Claims is a title for verses that including claims of sores and suffers of the poet. This inclination can be found generally in all of the verses. In the works of some premium Persian poets that make the structure of poem or affect the main portion of the poems.The importance of claims is mostly to present the social and other aspects of the time of the poetry, because more than reveating the undesireable conditions of thepoet. that would present the blessed society and his contradications with the governer and the public dependents would be presented. Vegharshirazi is one of the poets that has considered a condidelable portion of his poems for this matter. So we can find many social. political.economical and cultural aspects of his time. The matters of they survey is studing claims in the verse book of vegharshirazi. We have efforted that study the claims in the verse book of vegharshirazi and then by binding them amaly zing and interpreting the sorrines and sores of the poet. and so not only to become familiar whith his characters and behaviors. but also  be familiarized whith the conditions of society in his period of time.

Since the letter of Marzbannameh is one of the most significant ancient Persian works and because narrative style of story has special relevance for this paper is to analyze the position of the narrator and the narrated stories Marzbannameh pay letter. In this topic shows that the narrator Marzbannameh has been done with a narrator. Who is the narrator of the story quoted his language is .The narrator is may hide or present in the story. Narrator of each story in put special surface is, therefore, for the narratee the surfaces can be considered (in fact narratee are different in each story.) As each story because the narrator is forced against the narratee (respondent) as well. narratee with readers the story is different. The narrator to the story of how the presence of can be intradiegetic narrator or extradiegetic narrator and the other based on the proportion that is homo diegetic narrator or hetrodiegetic narrator.

One of the predecessors of literary researchers i.e. Aristotle has stated about way of influencing poet's interpretation in literary and emotional implications that grandeur of poet's interpretation lies in that to reflect imitation and representation principle adroitly, while other group believes in that they have manifested topics presentation technique more important than subject content so as Russian formalists had purposed subject of Speech Literature (Literariness). Thus, literary language is not similar to vernacular language except for physical lexicons, so that poets have resorted to literary terms in their literary interpretation, including simile, allusion, allegory and metaphor and the like thereby they might parochially display such concepts by recourse to fantasies and hinting implications in their verses. So quatrain is one of the purest frames of Persian verses and deemed as the most original and archaic types.

The seven figures (seven firmament)which is the fourth poems from the five poems of the philosopher Nezami contains the allegorical short stories in which the most important characteristics and element is advice and the gradual change of the main hero of story (Bahram Goor). In this dipody poems, two topics are connected with each other. one of them is the life of Bahram that is in the order of the happenings of his life, and the other stories, which are in the contrast of hero, show unstability and unreliability of the world, and incite the reader to think about the meanings of life. In fact, these stories are fetch in wich Nezami expresses the wise thuths of correct style of life. the story of Saturday is one  the wise stories which shows figure of mystical behaviors and the cautionary adventures of the fall of Adam from paradise.

Women are actually our sisters, mothers, daughters and our “spouses”. From our perspectives (men), they are considered as the noblest, loveliest, most attractive and most “decent” humans on Earth. We, thus, accept no miss-conception, mistrust regarding them.Since very old days, there have existed different opinions as regards women's liberation and their equality of “Rights” with men. Unfortunately the origin of this misjudgment, and misinterpretation have been based on, somehow, unjust evaluation, in other words the misconception of so-called superiority of “man over women”. If this very ill-supposed implication is not justified, all men’s endeavor will presumably be misguided, and lead to social ambiguities.Nezami, in two of his Mathnavi's works has successfully illustrated woman's social status. He believes that Leily suffers from her family's unfair and Arab ethnic tradition, while Shirin was trained and grown in fairly liberal, Iranian and Armenian culture. The conflicting characters of these Two women have been illustrated the Iranian poetry.Nezamy, has artistically illustrated the Iranian woman's life, specially her freedom to select her spouse (husband) this is the most fundamental right for each person.

Utopia is a part of scientists’ thoughts about an ideal life. Plato is the oldest designer of such societies. In Islamic world, Farabi is considered as a pioneer in this area who established his utopia based on Islamic and especially Shiid believes. Persian poets have also reflected such idea in their works. For example Sadi, a seventh century poet, has founded a desirable society in his work, Boostan, which is indeed a monotheistic society. He discussed an exalted, generous, helpful and forgiving God which his knowledge is more than the two worlds. In this desirable world, God is the true believers’ beloved, and they are always his true believers. Sadi thinks that a human should always remember this God and never forget him even for a moment to keep always on the correct path and never get out of utopia. This idea is too much similar to Imam Ali's idea in Nahjolbalaghe. Because Sadi's thought are based on pure Islamic ideas which are derived from God statements, and Imam Ali has developed them in Nahjolbalaghe, which is considered as Quran's brother.

One of the industrious Iranian authors in 1340s (1960s) is Jalal Al-E-Ahmad, who has challenged social, political and ideological issues in his works for several times, and criticism against social problems could be observed not only in his essays and other writings, but also in his short stories. Of five published collections of his short stories, four are the stories which are benefited from epigrammatic elements. At all these collections, Al-E-Ahmad has criticized public affliction, retardation, prevalence of superstitious beliefs, individuals’ indifference toward community and citizens, backdoor policy and inappropriate methods for campaign against fame-longing, vanishing cultural originalities and religious dogmas within these stories and to purpose such themes, he has adopted satiric framework like many other critic works. In addition to benefiting from satire as themes of his stories, Al-E-Ahmad utilizes verbal epigram (Satire in tale narrative’s interpretation or its main characters) and for this purpose, he employs epigrammatic mechanisms to serve on the given story.

Hom is a plant from which procures a juice and its widest usage is in the religious ceremonies. The plant is called Saoma in India, and was called Haoma in ancient Iran, the similarities of the names and usages of two plants, leads us to one Indo-Iranian root for both of them. Because of its importance and being numinous, many properties have been attributed to the plant, and even it has been personalized as a God. This plant and its juice were important elements in shaping the mentality of primitive Indo-European human beings. It should be noted that similar plant and beverage, which was procured from it, can be seen among primitive people, all around the world.

Patriotism, in its general sense, is considered as one of the main characteristics of poems in Constitutionalism period. While patriotism was of a long tradition in Iran, after its several-hundred-year recess, it was revived in Constitutionalism period. Frequent intrusions by neighboring countries and profit-seeking interventions of Europeans which resulted in humiliation of Iranians, as well as the weakness of the authorities in managing national affairs and maintaining Iran's territorial integrity wounded the pride of all Iranian patriots. As a result, poets, as their social mission, aimed to incite passion and understanding of the people regarding patriotism, and at the same time, cut short the hands of courtiers and foreigners. However, their patriotism was generally emotional and lacked an intellectual and philosophical depth. So, their attitude toward their country was the a combination of various patriotic beliefs including nationalism, internationalism, chauvinism, and even in the sense of birthplace. Considering the mixture of poets’ patriotic attitudes and also their mental and linguistic background, this paper attempts to study the intensions and levels of patriotism in the poems of prominent and influents poets of Constitutionalism period.